单选题If I had had enough time, I ______ my work.

单选题Student journalists artaught how to be when writing in a limited space.

单选题The manager promised to keep me ______ of how the project was going on. A. be informed B. informed C. inform D. informing

单选题The boys often used to throw a stone or two at the glasshouse because ______.

单选题The post-World War Ⅱ baby ______ resulted in a 43 percent increase in the number of teenagers in the 1960s and 1970s.

单选题Most of us raised to think about history in the traditional way would read an account of a Revolutionary War battle written by an American historian in 1944 and ask, if we asked anything at all, "Is this account accurate?" or "What does this battle tell us about the 'the spirit of the age' in which it was fought?" In contrast, a new historicist would read the same account of that battle and ask, "What does this account tell us about the political agendas and ideological conflicts of the culture that produced and read the account in 1944?" New historical interest in the battle itself would produce such questions as, "At the time in which it was fought, how was this battle represented(in newspapers, magazines, tracts, government documents, stories, speeches, drawings, and photographs)by the American colonies or by Britain(or by European countries), and what do these representations tell us about how the American Revolution shaped and was shaped by the cultures that represented it?" As you can see, the questions asked by traditional historians and by new historicists are quite different, and that's because these two approaches to history are based on very different views of what history is and how we can know it. Traditional historians ask, "What happened?" and "What does the event tell us about history?" In contrast, new historicists ask, "How has the event been interpreted?" and "What do the interpretations tell us about he interpreters?" For most traditional historians, history is a series of events that have a linear, causal relationship: event A caused event B; event B caused event C; and so on. Furthermore, they believe we are perfectly capable, through objective analysis, of uncovering the facts about historical events, and those facts can sometimes reveal the spirit of the age, that is, the world view held by the culture to which those facts refer. Indeed, some of the most popular traditional historical accounts have offered a key concept that would explain the world view of a given historical population, such as the Renaissance notion of the Great Chain of Being the cosmic hierarchy of creation, with God at the top of the ladder, human beings at the middle, and the lowliest creatures at the bottom—which has been used to argue that the guiding spirit of Elizabethan culture was a belief in the importance of order in all domains of human life. You can see this aspect of the traditional approach in history classed that study past events in terms of the spirit of an age, such as the Age Reason or the Age of Enlightenment, and you can see it in literature classes that study literary works in terms of historical periods, such as the Neoclassical, Romantic, or Modernist periods. Finally, traditional historians generally believe that history is progressive, that the human species is improving over the source of time, advancing in its moral, cultural, and technological accomplishments. New historicists, in contrast, don't believe we have clear access to any but he most basic facts of history. We can know, for example, that George Washington was the first American president and that Napoleon was defeated Waterloo. But our understanding of what such facts mean, of how they fit within the complex web of competing ideologies and conflicting social, political, and cultural agendas of the time and place in which they occurred is, for new historicists, strictly a matter of interpretation, not fact. Even when traditional historians believe they are sticking to the facts, the way they contextualize those facts(including which facts are deemed important enough to report and which are left out)determines what story those facts will tell. From this perspective, there is no such thing as a presentation of facts; there is only interpretation. Furthermore, new historicists argue that reliable interpretations are, for a number of reasons, difficult to produce. The first and most important reason for this difficulty, new historicists believe, is the impossibility of objective analysis. Like all human beings, historians live in a particular time and place, and their views of both current and past events are influenced in innumerable conscious and unconscious ways by their own experience within their own culture. Historians may believe they're objective, but their own views of what is right and wrong, what is civilized and uncivilized, what is important and unimportant, an the like, will strongly influence the ways in which they interpret events. For example, the traditional view that history is progressive is based on the belief, held in past by many Anglo-European historians, that the sol-called "primitive" cultures of native peoples are less evolved than, and therefore inferior to, the so-called "civilized" Anglo-European cultures. As a result, ancient cultures with highly developed art forms, ethical codes, and spiritual philosophies, such as the tribal cultures of Native Americans and Africans, were often misrepresented as lawless, superstitious, and savage. Another reason for the difficulty in producing reliable interpretations of history is its complexity. For new historicists, history cannot be understood simply as a linear progression of events. At any given point in history, any given culture may be progressing in some areas and regressing in other. And any two historians may disagree about what constitutes progress and what doesn't, for these terms are matters of definition. That is, history isn't an orderly parade into a continually improving future, as many traditional historians have believed. It's more like an improvised dance consisting of an infinite variety of steps, following any new route at any given moment, and having no particular goal or destination. Individuals and groups may have goals, but human history does not. Similarly, while events certainly have causes, new historicists argue that those causes are usually all multiple, complex, and difficult to analyze. One cannot make simple causal statements with any certainty. In addition, causality is not a one-way street from cause to effect. Any given event whether it be a political election or a children's cartoon show is a product of its culture, but it also affects that culture in return. In other words, all events including everything from the creation of an art work, to televised murder thai, to the persistence of or change in the condition of the poor are shaped by and shape the culture in which they emerge. In a similar manner, our subjectivity, or selfhood, is shaped by and shapes the culture into which we were born. For most new historicists, our individual identity is not merely a product of society. Neither is it merely a product of our own individual will and desire. Instead, individual identity and its cultural milieu inhabit, reflect, and define each other. Their relationship is mutually constitutive(they create each other)and dynamically unstable. Thus, the old argument between determinism and free will can't be settled because it rests on the wrong question: "Is human identity socially determined or are human beings free agents?" For new historicism, this question cannot be answered because it involves a choice between two entities that are not wholly separate. Rather, the proper question is, "What are the processes by which individual identity and social formations—such as political, educational, legal, and religious institutions and ideologies—create, promote, change each other?" For every society constrains individual thought and action within a network of cultural limitations while it simultaneously enables individuals to think and act. Our subjectivity, than, is a lifelong process of negotiating our way, consciously and unconsciously, among the constraints and freedoms offered, at any given moment in time, by the society in which we live. Thus, according to new historicists, poser does not emanate from the top of the political and socioeconomic structure. According to French philosopher Michel Foucault, whose ideas have strongly influenced the development of new historicism, power circulates in all directions, to and from mall social levels, at all time. And the vehicle by which power circulates is a never-ending proliferation of exchange(1)the exchange of material goods through such practices as buying and selling, bartering, gambling, taxation, charity, and various forms of theft;(2)the exchange of people through such institutions as marriage, adoptions, kidnapping, and slavery; and(3)the exchange of ideas through the various discourses a culture produces. A discourse is a social language created by particular cultural conditions at a particular time and place, and it expresses a particular way of understanding human experience. For example, you may be familiar with the discourse of white supremacy, the discourse of ecological awareness, the discourse of Christian fundamentalism, and the'like. Although the word discourse has roughly the same meaning as the word ideology, and the two words are often used interchangeably, the word discourse draws attention to the role of language as the vehicle of ideology. From a new historicist perspective, no discourse, by itself, can adequately explain the complex cultural dynamics of social power. For there is no monolithic(single, unified, universal)spirit of an age, and there is no adequate totalizing explanation of history(an explanation that provides a single key to all aspects of a given culture). There is, instead, a dynamic unstable interplay among discourses: they are always in a state of flux, overlapping and competing with one another(or, to use new historical terminology, negotiating exchanges of power)in any number of ways at any given point in time. Furthermore, no discourse is permanent. Discourses wield power for those in charge, but they also stimulate opposition to that power. This is one reason why new historicists believe that the relationship between individual identity and society is mutually constitutive: on the whole, human beings are never merely victims of an oppressive society, for they can find various ways to oppose authority in their personal and public live. For new historians, even the dictator of a small country doesn't wield absolute power on his own. To maintain dominance, his power must circulate in numerous discourses, for example, in the discourse of religion(which can promote belief in the "divine right" of kings or in God's love of hierarchical society), in the discourse of science(which can support the reigning elite in terms of a theory of Darwinian "survival of the fittest"), in the discourse of fashion(which can promote the popularity of leaders by promoting copycat attire, as we saw when Hehru jackets wee popular and when the fashion world copied the style of First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy), in the discourse of the law(which can make it treasonous offense to disagree with a ruler's decisions), and so on. As these examples suggest, what is "right", "natural," and "normal" are matters of definition. Thus, in different cultures at different points in history, homosexuality has been deemed abnormal, normal, criminal, or admirable. The same can be said of incest, cannibalism, and women's desire for political equality. In fact, Michel Foucault ahs suggested that all definitions of "insanity, crime", and sexual "perversion" are social constructs by means of which ruling powers maintain their control. We accept these definitions as "natural" only because they are so ingrained in our culture.Justas definitions of social and anti-social behavior promote the power of certain individuals and groups, so do particular versions of historical events. Certainly, the whitewashing of General Guster's new infamous military campaigns against Native Americans served the desire of the white American power structure of his day to obliterate Native American peoples so that the government could seize their lands. And that same whitewashing continued to serve the white American power structure for many a decade beyond Guster's time, for even those who had knowledge of Guster's misdeeds deemed it unwise to air America's dirty historical laundry, even in front of Americans. Analogously, had the Nazi won World War II, we would all be reading a very different account of the war, and of the genocide of millions of Jews, than the accounts we read in American history books today. Thus, new historicism views historical accounts as narrative, as stories, that are inevitably biased according to the point of view, conscious or unconscious, of those who them .The more unaware historians are of their biases that is, the more "objective" they think they are the more those biases are able to control their narratives. Tell whether the following statements are True or False according to the text. Write True or False only.

单选题Mary' s departure ______with Tom' s return.

单选题 Chicago Public Schools are going to great lengths to hire teachers -- now the school district recruits teachers from other countries to help solve a shortage of teachers. It all started in i999, when Youses Hannon, a math and physics teacher from Palestine (巴勒斯坦), visited Chicago. He read about the teacher shortage at Chicago Public Schools and asked the school board if they'd hire him. The board was interested and decided to create a special program for foreign-born teachers like Hannon, and he was the first teacher hired. The program is called the Global Educator Outreach or GEO, and it's a partnership between Chicago Public Schools and the U. S. Government. Because the teacher shortage in Chicago is so extreme, the Government allows the school district to temporarily hire foreign teaching candidates using H1-B visas. The Government grants these visas only to skilled foreign-born citizens so they can work in highly specialized jobs that can't be filled with available U. S. workforce. Through the GEO, the school district has hired dozens of teachers from 22 different countries. Applicants must pass an English language test and specialize in math, science, world language or bilingual (双语的) education. Hannon and the first GEO teachers started in the classroom at the beginning of the 2000-200i school year. What do the GEO teachers think of the American classroom? Hannon, who was hired to teach math at Gage Park High School, says classrooms in Chicago are very different from those in Palestine. For one thing, he says, the fixed schedule that forces students to attend the same classes at the same time each day becomes too dull. In Palestine, the class schedule changes each week. He says in Palestine, the culture forces students to work hard because if they don't they'll be kicked out and put in vocational schools, which limits their career options. There is not nearly as much pressure for American students to do well. He says he has to do double the amount of work just to get his students interested.

单选题This procedure describes how suggestions for improvements to the systems are

单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} Perhaps there is only the moon to compare with it. Of all the achievements of American engineering, only the landing on the moon and the planting there of a wrinkled flag can rival the construction of Panama Canal as an epoch-making accomplishment. The Suez Canal, the trans-Siberian Railroad and the Taj Mahal all pale beside it. The canal's construction is more closely akin to the pyramids of Egypt in its scope and difficulty of execution, but in the modern era, there is only the moon. Like the landing on the moon, the construction of a canal across the narrow Isthmus of Panama was a dream long before it became reality. As early as 1534, Charles I of Spain proposed a canal at Panama, but it would take nearly 400 years for builders to catch up with his imagination. When the canal finally was proposed required all the creativity the twentieth century could muster. It was the largest public work ever attempted. Its engineers had to control a wild river, cut the continental divide, construct the largest dam and man made lake known to that date and swing the largest locks ever constructed from the biggest cement structures then poured. Along the way, two of the world's most devastating diseases had to be wiped out in one of their greatest strongholds. And all of this was to be done without the airplane or the automobile: Kitty Hawk rose into the head-lines in 1903——the same year the U. S. signed a treaty with Panama——and there was no read across the isthmus until the World War Ⅱ. If Panama has had an unusual role in bygone dreams, it most certainly has a startling relationship to the hard facts of geography. The country is farther east than most people imagine——the canal and about half of Panama actually lie east of Miami. Because of the country's shallow "S" shape and east-west orientation, it has places where the sun rises in the Pacific and sets in the Atlantic. More significantly, Panama is squeezed into the narrowest portion of Central. At the canal, just 43 miles of land separate Atlantic and Pacific shores. Perhaps even more important, Panama offers the lowest point in the North American continental divide——originally 312 feet above sea level at the canal's Culebra Cut. By comparison, the lowest pass in the United States is nearly 5,000 feet.

单选题Waiter: ______? Customer: Yes, I"ll have a cheeseburger, medium rare, with French fries.

单选题Hackers can do this because ______.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. In recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves the{{U}} (1) {{/U}}of life at a fundamental level-the gene. The study of genetics has{{U}} (2) {{/U}}a new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it{{U}} (3) {{/U}}biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working feverishly to{{U}} (4) {{/U}}seeds that give a high yield, that{{U}} (5) {{/U}}disease, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for{{U}} (6) {{/U}}chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most{{U}} (7) {{/U}}. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops. In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain{{U}} (8) {{/U}}. A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineering{{U}} (9) {{/U}}usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another{{U}} (10) {{/U}}to transfer a desired characteristic. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with anti-freeze{{U}} (11) {{/U}}from an arctic fish, and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant.{{U}} (12) {{/U}}, then, biotechnology allows humans to{{U}} (13) {{/U}}the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution,{{U}} (14) {{/U}}some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity-some say even more{{U}} (15) {{/U}}geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and{{U}} (16) {{/U}}culture, processes that produce perfectly{{U}} (17) {{/U}}copies. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new{{U}} (18) {{/U}}, such as the effect they may have on us and environment. ".We are flying blindly into a new{{U}} (19) {{/U}}of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints and little idea of the potential{{U}} (20) {{/U}}," said science writer Jemery Rifkin.

单选题The Canadian unions tend to strive for wage parity, with their counterparts in the United States.

单选题What would happen to the U. S. economy if all its commercial banks suddenly closed their doors? Throughout most of American history, the answer would have been a disaster of epic proportions, akin to the Depression wrought by the chain-reaction bank failures in the early 1930s. But in 1993 the startling answer is that a shutdown by banks might be far from cataclysmic. Consider this: though the economic recovery is now 27 months old, not a single net new dollar has been lent to business by banks in all that time. Last week the Federal Reserve reported that the amount of loans the nation's largest banks have made to businesses fell an additional ＄2. 4 billion in the week ending June 9, to ＄274.8 billion. Fearful that the scarcity of bank credit might sabotage the fragile economy, the White House and federal agencies are working feverishly to encourage banks to open their lending windows. In the past two weeks, government regulators have introduced steps to make it easier for banks to lend. Is the government's concern fully justified? Who really needs banks these days? Hardly anyone, it turns out. While banks once dominated business lending, today nearly 80% of all such loans come from nonbank lenders like life insurers, brokerage firms and finance companies. Banks used to be the only source of money in town. Now businesses and individuals can write checks on their insurance companies, get a loan from a pension fund, and deposit paychecks in a money-market account with a brokerage firm. "It is possible for banks to die and still have a vibrant economy," says Edward Furash, a Washington bank consultant. The irony is that the accelerating slide into irrelevance comes just as the banks racked up record profits of ＄43 billion over the past 15 months, creating the illusion that the industry is staging a comeback. But that income was not the result of smart lending decisions. Instead of earning money by financing America's recovery, the banks mainly invested their funds--on which they were paying a bargain-basement 2% or so--in risk-free Treasury bonds that yielded 7%. That left bank officers with little to do except put their feet on their desks and watch the interest roll in. Those profits may have come at a price. Not only did bankers lose many loyal customers by withholding credit, they also inadvertently opened the door to a herd of nonbank competitors, who stampeded into the lending market. "The banking industry didn't see this threat," says Furash. "They are being fat, dumb and happy. They didn't realize that banking is essential to a modern economy, but banks are not./

单选题The most important ______ of his speech was that we Should all work whole-heartedly for the people.A. elementB. spotC. senseD. point

单选题The price increases were passed on by the firm to none but the ______.

单选题I had a new tap ______ the day before yesterday.