单选题Simply switching Chinese drivers from burning oil to using electricity 1 is created by burning coal—responsible 2 more than 70 percent of such power presently in the Middle Kingdom—may not 3 greenhouse gas emissions enough. "Electric vehicles only make 4 if you are also committed 5 decarbonizing electricity," Sperling notes. And globally, it will take a long time for electric vehicles to displace the internal combustion engine. "It would 6 until 2029 to swap to all electric vehicles 7 all new vehicle sales from today forward 8 electric vehicles," notes chemical engineer David Rogers. The Toyota Prius and ears like it—hybrid electric vehicles, 9 rely on conventional motors in conjunction 10 electric ones—grew to only as 11 as 5 percent of new vehicle sales in the last 10 years. "This thing is going to take a long time." It may be buses and taxis 12 lead the change 13 their circumscribed routes and return to fixed locations. "Buses are big 14 to hold batteries," Wang notes, and they are 15 purchased by big-pockets governments 16 ordinary citizens. One thing seems clear: most driving will be done with internal combustion engines, at 17 for the near future, whether in China, the U. S. or elsewhere. "Under current conditions, only 1 18 2 percent of Chinese consumers 19 willing to buy hybrid vehicles," Wang says. "Consumers are not yet 20 to be willing to pay for the environment out of their own pocket."

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题(2002)ln the driving class, Jack made slow but______improvement.

单选题Do you know how to use a mobile phone without being rude to the people around you? Talking during a performance irritates(激怒)people. If you are expecting an emergency call, sit near the exit doors and set your phone to vibrate(振动). When your mobile phone vibrates, you can leave quietly and let the others enjoy the performance. Think twice before using mobile phones in elevators, museums, churches or other indoor public places — especially enclosed spaces. Would you want to listen to someone's conversation in these places? Worse yet, how would you feel if a mobile phone rang suddenly during a funeral? It happens more often than you think. Avoid these embarrassing situations by making sure your mobile phone is switched off. When eating at a restaurant with friends, don't place your mobile phone on the table. This conveys the message that your phone calls are more important than those around you. Mobile phones have sensitive microphones that allow you to speak at the volume you would on a regular phone. This enables you to speak quietly so that others won't hear the details of your conversation. If you are calling in a noisy area, use your hand to direct your voice into the microphone.

单选题She was unimpressed by the actor, describing him as "a vain man and ______ dull". A. intensively B. intensely C. downright D. actual

单选题Transportation has increased each person' s mobility. Initially, one could walk about 20 miles a day; using a horse or bicycle would double or triple(三倍)this range. Today one can travel halfway around the world in a day. Through increased mobility, one's range of acquaintances can be worldwide. Business and professional interactions also can be on a worldwide basis. With such wide-scale travel opportunities, business and culture will never be the same. In terms of sociology, teenage people in the United States view obtaining a driver' s license as one rite(仪式)of passage toward adulthood(成年). The automobile is a means for them to escape parental supervision(监管). The automobile is blamed for the decline of small towns; persons with cars are able and willing to travel longer distances to the stores and other attractions of larger communities. In the United States, the school bus also led to the decline of small towns because it made it possible to consolidate(合并)numerous small schools. Small villages where small schools were closed went into decline. Transportation has increased employment opportunities, because one can travel to reach more potential jobs, and a professional person can cover a wider area. In sparely settled areas, for example, veterinarians(兽医)and physicians make calls using small aircrafts. Transportation activities also provide employment opportunities; working for carriers and shippers, constructing vehicles and roadways, and working in government agencies involved with transportation. However, as transportation facilities and opportunities increase, there are some groups left behind. The poor, the feeble(弱者), the elderly, and the disabled are in danger of being ignored because they lack equal access to transportation systems. In many locations in the United States, automobile ownership as well as use is virtually a requirement. Society is uncertain as to what responsibilities it has for transportation systems that can be used by those without automobiles. Another negative impact relates to injuries and deaths caused by transportation. While airline crashes the most publicity, highway accidents cause a tremendous number of fatalities(死亡)and injuries. Fortunately, the number is decreasing owing to considerable improvement in auto safety. This includes safer roads, lower speed limits, use of seat belts, and stricter enforcement of laws against driving while drunk.

单选题Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, belief and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped form of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind the western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to he noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion; either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from ours; are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or the person addressed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.

单选题To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your students; you must be a【C1】______speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to【C2】______what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear.【C3】______a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still【C4】______his class: he stands the whole time when he is teaching; he walks about, using his【C5】______, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will【C6】______the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is【C7】______about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn' t mean that he will indeed be able to act【C8】______on the stage, for there are very important【C9】______between the teacher' s work and the actor's. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the【C10】______words each time he plays a certain part; 【C11】______ his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully, learnt words and actions seem【C12】______on the stage. A good teacher【C13】______in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his【C14】______; they ask and answer questions; they obey orders; and if they don't understand something, they will say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his aet to the needs of his students. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must【C15】______it as he goes along.

单选题______ in doing an examination, the time passed by quickly. A. Being absorbed B. Having been absorbed C. When they were absorbed D. Be absorbed

单选题Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith. Before griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera"s possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot. Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By putting images together and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the victorian novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space. Besides developing the cinema"s language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffith"s introduction of the American-made multireel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour"s running time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema.

单选题Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.

单选题One of the political issues we hear a lot about lately is campaign finance reform. The people who are calling for 1 usually want the government to pay for campaigns and/or limit the amount of money that candidates and their supporters can spend. One reason that reform is 2 for is that it costs so much to run for political office. Candidates have to spend a great deal of time and effort 3 money. The incumbents (those already in office) have 4 time to do their jobs since they must attend so many fund raising events. Another 5 is the fear that candidates will be owned or controlled by the "special interest groups" that contribute to their campaigns. Sometimes this certainly seems to be the 6 On the 7 side are those who caution that just because you call something "reform," doesn"t mean it"s really 8 . They 9 that our right to freedom of speech is meaningless if the government can limit anyone"s ability to get his or her message out to the people. If one person or a group of people want to tell the 10 what they think about an issue or candidate, they have to 11 advertising on TV, radio, and in newspapers and magazines. They might want to display billboards along highways and banners on heavily trafficked Web sites. All this 12 a lot of money. Opponents of laws that regulate or limit spending say that you don"t really have freedom of speech or freedom of the press if you can"t get your message out. They say that in a democracy, the government should never be able to regulate political discussion or the means to distribute ideas. They believe that this is most important when the voters are about to make 13 What do you think about this issue? Listen to what the 14 for national office have to say. Which candidates make the most 15 to you?

单选题We advise that you take ______ of the market situation and accept our offer. A．advance B．advertisement C．advantage D．acknowledge

单选题It is the world's fourth-most-important food crop, after maize, wheat and rice. It provides more calories, more quickly, using less land and in a wider range of climates than any Other plant. It is, of Course, the potato. The United Nations has declared 2008 the International Year of the Potato. It hopes that greater awareness of the merits of potatoes will contribute to the achievement of its Millennium Development Goals, by helping to alleviate poverty, improve food security and promote economic development. It is always the international year of this or month of that. But the potato's unusual history means it is well worth celebrating by readers of The Economist because the potato is intertwined with economic development, trade liberalisation and globalisation. Unlikely though it seems, the potato promoted economic development by underpinning the industrial revolution in England in the 19th century. It provided a cheap source of calories and was easy to cultivate, so it liberated workers from the land. Potatoes became popular in the north of England, as people there specialised in livestock farming and domestic industry, while farmers in the south (where the soil was more suitable ) concentrated on wheat production. By a happy accident, this concentrated industrial activity in the regions where coal was readily available, and a potato-driven population boom provided ample workers for the new factories. Friedrich Engels even declared that the potato was the equal of iron for its "historically revolutionary role". The potato promoted free trade by contributing to the abolition of Britain's Corn Laws-the cause which prompted the founding of The Economist in 1843. The Corn Laws restricted imports of grain into the United Kingdom in order to protect domestic wheat producers. Landowners supported the laws, since cheap imported grain would reduce their income, but industrialists opposed them because imports would drive down the cost of food, allowing people to spend more on manufactured goods. Ultimately it was not the eloquence of the arguments against the Corn Laws that led to their abolition-and more's the pity. It was the tragedy of the Irish potato famine of 1845, in which 1million Irish perished when the potato crop on which they subsisted succumbed to blight. The need to import grain to relieve the situation in Ireland forced the government, which was dominated by landowners who backed the Corn Laws, to reverse its position. This paved the way for liberalisation in other areas, and free trade became British policy. As the Duke of Wellington complained at the time, "rotten potatoes have done it all. " In the form of French fries, served alongside burgers and Coca-Cola, potatoes are now an icon of globalisation. This is quite a turnaround given the scepticism which first greeted them on their arrival in the Old World in the 16th century. Spuds were variously thought to cause leprosy, to be fit only for animals, to be associated with the devil or to be poisonous. They took hold in 18th century Europe only when war and famine meant there was nothing else to eat; people then realised just how versatile and reliable they were. As Adam Smith, one of the potato's many admirers, observed at the time, "The very general use which is made of potatoes in these kingdoms as food for man is a convincing proof that the prejudices of a nation, with regard to diet, however deeply rooted, are by no means unconquerable. " Mashed, fried, boiled and roast, a humble tuber changed the world, and free-trading globalisers everywhere should celebrate it.

单选题In November 1987 the government ______ a public debate on the future direction of the official sports policy.(2008年四川大学考博试题)

单选题The passage suggests that the principal effect of the state action limitation was to ______.