单选题Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time of which the eyes stop —the duration of the fixation----varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness. Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it' s one thing to improve a person' s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiendy. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.

单选题The Tuscan town of Vinci, birthplace of Leonardo and home to a museum of his machines, should fittingly put on a show of the television-robot sculptures of Nam Jun Paik. This Korean-born American artist and the Renaissance master are kindred spirits: Leonardo saw humanistic potential in his scientific experiments, Mr Paik endeavors to harness media technology for artistic purp9ses. A pioneer of video art in the late 1960s, he treats television as a space for art images and as material for robots and interactive sculptures. Mr Paik was not alone. He and fellow artists picked on the video cameras because they offered an easy way to record their performance art. Now, to mark video art's coming of age, New York's Museum of Modern Art is looking back at their efforts in a film series called "The First Decade". It celebrates the early days of video by screening the archives of Electronic Arts Intermix (EAI), one of the world's leading distributors of video and new media art, founded 30 years ago. One of EAI's most famous alumni is Bill Viola. Part of the second generation of video artists, who emerged in the 1970s, Mr Viola experimented with video’s expressive potential. His camera explores religious ritual and universal ideas. The Viola show at the Deutsche Guggenheim in Berlin shows us moving-image frescoes that cover the gallery walls and envelop the viewer in all-embracing cycles of life and death. One new star is a Californian, Doug Aitken, who took over London's Serpentine Gallery last October with an installation called "New Ocean". Some say Mr Aitken is to video what Jackson Pollock was to painting. He drips his images from floor to ceiling, creating sequences of rooms in which the Space surrounds the viewer in hallucinatory images, of sound and light. At the Serpentine, Mr Aitken created a collage of moving images, on the theme of water's flow around the planet as a force of life. "I wanted to create a new topography in this work, a liquid image, to show a world that never stands still," he says. The boundary between the physical world and the world of images and information, he thinks, is blurring. The interplay of illusion and reality, sound and image, references to art history, politics, film and television in this art form that is barely 30 years old can make video art difficult to define. Many call it film-based or moving-image art to include artists who work with other cinematic media. At its best, the appeal of video art lies in its versatility, its power to capture the passing of time and on its ability to communicate both inside and outside gallery walls.

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单选题I think the charge for overloaded luggage is excessive in ______ to its size.

单选题______ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen. A. At B. In C. For D. On

单选题 Aristotle was one of those who could found a civilization, and while he thought of education as both a social value and an end in itself, he ascribed its chief importance{{U}} (21) {{/U}}what might be considered a third basic concept of education: to train the mind to think,{{U}} (22) {{/U}}what it is thinking about. The key is not{{U}} (23) {{/U}}it knows but how it{{U}} (24) {{/U}}any new fact or argument. "An educated man," Aristotle wrote in On the Parts of Animals, "should be able to{{U}} (25) {{/U}}a fair offhand judgment as to the goodness or badness of the method used by a professor in his exposition. To be{{U}} (26) {{/U}}is in fact to be able to do this." The Aristotle view of education as a{{U}} (27) {{/U}}has become the conventionally worthy answer today{{U}} (28) {{/U}}college presidents and other academic leaders are asked what an education should be. An educated man, says Harvard President Bok,{{U}} (29) {{/U}}a deep breath, must have a "curiosity in{{U}} (30) {{/U}}the unfamiliar and unexpected, an open-mindedness in entertaining opposing points of view,{{U}} (31) {{/U}}for the ambiguity that surrounds so many important issues, and a willingness to make the best decision he can in the fact of uncertainty and doubt." This is an approach that appears to{{U}} (32) {{/U}}more importance to the process of learning{{U}} (33) {{/U}}to the substance of what is learned. The very old notion of the generalist who could comprehend all subjects has{{U}} (34) {{/U}}been an impossibility. To make matters{{U}} (35) {{/U}}more difficult, the fields of knowledge keep changing.

单选题Among the factors affecting a lesson plan, which of the following is human factor?

单选题All men are created equal, or so reckoned Thomas Jefferson as he drafted America's Declaration of Independence in 1776. Subsequent Americans have had reason to question the founding father. So too have people in the land from which the new nation gained its freedom. America and Britain are among the most unequal countries in the rich world and Britain, at any rate, is more unequal now than it was a generation ago. That is the conclusion of a study commissioned by Harriet Harman, the equalities minister. Class and money have always strongly affected how people do in life in Britain, with well-heeled families breeding affluent children just as the offspring of the desperately poor tend to remain poor. All that was supposed to have ceased at the end of the Second World War, with the birth of a welfare state designed to meet basic needs and promote social mobility. But despite devoting much thought and more money to improving the lot of the poor, governments have failed to boost those at the bottom of the pile as much as those at the top have boosted themselves. The new study, led by John Hills of the London School of Economics, found, for example, that the richest tenth of households received income more than four times that of the poorest tenth; just a generation ago, it was three times as much. Internationally, only six of the 30 members of the OECD, a club of mainly rich countries, show greater inequality. Wealth is distributed far more unequally than income, with the richest tenth in Britain holding assets worth almost 100 times those of the poorest. Although the study found that some of the widest gaps between social groups have diminished over time, deep-seated differences between haves and have-nots persist, mining the life chances of the less fortunate. Politicians of all stripes talk up equality of opportunity, arguing that it makes for a fairer and more mobile society, and a more prosperous one. The goal of greater equality of outcomes also has its boosters. In "The Spirit Level", epidemic disease experts Kate Pickett and Richard Wilkinson claim that more equal societies are healthier than unequal ones, as well as happier. Not all agree, but in a country where the National Health Service accounts for almost a fifth of public spending, it is worth considering. The difficulty arises in putting these notions into practice, through severe tax increases for the middleclass and wealthy, or expanding government intervention. These have not recently been vote-winning propositions, but the recession that Britain is now limping away from may have changed things.

单选题Whitening the world's roofs would offset the emissions of the world's cars for 20 years, according to a new study from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Overall, installing lighter-colored roofs and pavements can cancel the heat effect of two years of global carbon dioxide emissions, Berkeley Lab says. It's the first roof-cooling study to use a global model to examine the issue. Lightening up roofs and pavement can offset 57 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide, about double the amount the world emitted in 2006, the study found. It was published in the journal Environmental Research Letters. Researchers used a conservative estimate of increased albedo, or solar reflection, suggesting that purely white roofs would be even better. They increased the albedo of all roof by 0. 25 and pavement by 0. 15. That means a black roof, which has an albedo of zero, would only need to be replaced by a roof of a cooler color — which might be more feasible to implement than a snowy white roof. Berkeley Lab says. The researchers extrapolated a roof's CO 2 offset over its average lifespan. If all roofs were converted to white or cool colors, they would offset about 24 gigatons (24 billion metric tons) of CO 2 , but only once. But assuming roofs last about 20 years, the researchers came up with 1. 2 gigatons per year. That equates to offsetting the emissions of roughly 300 million cars, all the in the world, for 20 years. Pavements and roofs cover 50 to 65 percent of urban areas and cause a heat-island effect because they absorb so much heat. That's why cities are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. This effect makes it harder—and therefore more expensive — to keep buildings cool in the summer. Winds also move the heat into the atmosphere, causing a regional warming effect. Energy secretary Steven Chu, a Nobel Laureate in physics (and former Berkeley Lab director), has advocated white roofs for years. He put his words into actions by directing all Energy Department offices to install white roofs. All newly installed roofs will be white, and black roofs might be replaced when it is cost-effective over the lifetime of the roof. "Cool roofs are one of the quickest and lowest-cost ways we can reduce our global carbon emissions and begin the hard work of slowing climate change. " He said in a statement.

单选题It is implied in the text that the parents' change can be attributed to

单选题I didnt ______ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late. A) assume B) suppose C) mean D) hope

单选题Some people don't openly admit they have ambition because ______.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets. Recruiting(招募) the right candidate to fill a vacancy can be a difficult and costly task.{{U}} (31) {{/U}}the wrong person could be an expensive mistake which could cause personal problems for the whole department. And, as every HR(Human Resource) manager knows, it is much more difficult to get rid of someone than it is to{{U}} (32) {{/U}}them. The HR manager's first decision is{{U}} (33) {{/U}}to recruit internal applicants or advertise the vacancy outside the company.{{U}} (34) {{/U}}applicants are easy to recruit by memo, e-mail, or newsletter. Furthermore, they are easy to assess and know the company well.{{U}} (35) {{/U}}, they rarely bring fresh ideas to a position. More- over, a rejected internal candidate might become unhappy and leave the company. Recruiting outside the company means either advertising the vacancy directly or{{U}} (36) {{/U}}an employment agency. If the company decides to advertise the vacancy directly, it has to decide where to place the{{U}} (37) {{/U}}. Traditionally this has meant newspapers and professional journals but now the Intemet is also very popular. The decision normally depends on the vacancy. Companies advertise blue-collar or clerical jobs in local news- papers and senior management{{U}} (38) {{/U}}in national papers or professional journals,{{U}} (39) {{/U}}the Intemet is one of the best ways of advertising IT vacancies or recruiting abroad. However, with the Internet is a risk{{U}} (40) {{/U}}receiving unsuitable applications from all over the world.

单选题Speaker A: Oh, doesn't your daughter look lovely? Speaker B: ______ A. Oh, no. She looks just so so. B. Yes, I'm proud of her. C. Really? Why do you think so? D. Well, your daughter looks lovely, too.

单选题Human population growth is a {{U}}menace{{/U}} to nonhuman life forms on our planet.

单选题It was not until December 31______we heard from him.

单选题He didn't notice me in the erowd; but he spotted my sister who was ______ because of her red hair. A. conscious B. conspicuous C. dim D. conscientious

单选题The Chinese women' s volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest______.

单选题During the 1700s and 1800s, major fighting during wars generally ceased for the winters and armies took up winter encampments. As winter descended upon Pennsylvania in 1777, General George Washington chose Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, some eighteen miles west of Philadelphia as site of the winter encampment of the Continental Army. The area was far enough away from the British in Philadelphia to discourage surprise attacks and its location between high hills and the Schuylkill River made it easily defensible. The Continental Army, however, was in bad shape. Of the 12,000 soldiers, many lacked the supplies or clothing to Survive the winter and many others were starving at this point. At Valley Forge, defense lines were built along with over 1,000 huts to provide some relief from the brutal elements. Moisture from rain and melting snow made it impossible for many soldiers to stay dry and allowed for the spread of disease. The only reliable food that the soldiers received was a mixture of flour and water known as "firecake". Occasionally, soldiers received meat and bread. Furthermore, many soldiers had inadequate supplies of clothing and were forced to endure the winter in tatters and without blankets. Many lacked shoes. Wounded soldiers often died from exposure to the elements. Unsanitary and crowded conditions led to the proliferation of diseases and sicknesses such as typhoid and pneumonia. Over 2,000 people died from such sicknesses. On February 23,1778, former German General Baron yon Steuben arrived at Valley Forge to train the Patriots how to march in formation, fire guns quickly, use bayonets and become soldiers. Though von Steuben spoke little English, he developed a training manual in French that would be translated on the grounds into English. Unlike many American generals, von Steuben worked directly with the soldiers, endearing him to the thousands suffering at Valley Forge. Von Steuben"s presence did much to improve the morale of the army during the bitter winter and also helped them develop into a more tactical, effective military machine, capable of fighting the British. On June 19,1778, the Continental Army left Valley Forge in pursuit of the British who were moving north to New York.