单选题For someone whose life has been shattered, Hiroshi Shimizu is remarkably calm. In a cramped Tokyo law office, the subdued, bitter man in his 30s--using an assumed name for the interview relates how he became infected with the HIV virus from tainted blood products sold by Japanese hospitals to hemophiliacs during the mid-1980s. "I was raped," says Shimizu. "I never thought doctors would give me bad medicine. " last year, Shimizu was shocked when a doctor newly transferred to his hospital broke the news. Four years earlier, he had asked his previous doctor if he could safely marry. "He told me. 'There's absolutely no problem, 'even though he knew [I was infected]," Shimizu says. "I could have passed it to my wife. " Luckily, he hasn't. Shimizu is one of more than 2,000 hemophiliacs and their loved ones infected with the deadly virus before heat-treated blood products became available in Japan. It's a tragedy-and now it's a national scandal. In recent weeks, the country has been rocked by charges that Japanese drug and hospital companies kept selling tainted blood even after the AIDS threat was proved beyond a shadow of a doubt. Even worse is the charge that the Japanese government knowingly allowed this dangerous practice as part of a policy to protect domestic companies from foreign competition. Japan's bureaucrats are already under attack for their role in the banking fiasco. As the AIDS scandal unfolds, Japanese confidence in government could erode even further. Big settlements in a related lawsuit may also set a precedent in other AIDS liability cases around the world. The origins of the tragedy go back to 1983. By then, scientists were closing in on the virus that causes AIDS, and U. S. health authorities mandated that all blood products be heat-treated to protect hemophiliacs and patients from infection. Japanese authorities were concerned as well: the Health & Welfare Ministry formed an AIDS study group headed by the country's foremost hemophilia expert, Dr. Takeshi Abe. RAIN AND SLEET. What happened next has only just been revealed, thanks to an investigation by new Health Minister Naoto Kan. According to investigators, the ministry group on July 4, 1983, recommended banning untreated blood imports. Since no heattreated products were then available from Japanese companies, the group also advised allowing emergency imports of heat-treated blood from companies such as U. S. drug giant Baxter International Inc. But a week later, the recommendation was reversed. According to memos recovered from the records of Atsuaki Gunji, then head of the ministry's Biological & antibiotics Div., the recommendation was overturned because it would "deal a blow" to domestic companies. Japan's marketers of blood products bought imports of untreated blood--and they did not have their heat-treatment processes yet. The ministry insisted that Baxter conduct two years of clinical testing in Japan before it used its new heat treatment there. Domestic drug companies, led by Osaka-based Green Cross Ltd. rushed to develop their own treatment processes. Meanwhile, Baxter and other foreign companies that already sold untreated blood products in Japan had to continue the practice if they wanted to stay in the market. The recent revelations have sparked some startling events in a country where discussion of AIDS is still largely taboo. In February, health Minister Kan made front-page news when he officially apologized to HIV-infected hemophiliacs and families who had staged a 72-hour vigil in rain and sleet outside the ministry.

单选题The sad story about the little girl and her sick parents ______ all of us.

单选题They lost their way in the forest, and______made matters worse was that night began to fall.

单选题Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. He began his long and transcendent career in a nondescript laboratory on the Adriatric Sea, dissecting eels. "Since eels do not keep diaries, "the investigator, 19-year-old Sigmund Freud wrote to a friend in the spring of 1876, the only way to detect gender was to cut and slice, "but in vain, all the eels which I cut open are of the fairer sex. Beginning May 11, 2006, the New York Academy of Medicine will exhibit the largest collection of Freud's drawings ever assembled, including several pieces from private collectors that have not been displayed in public. The drawings, some embedded in letters and scientific essays, chart the evolution of the Austrian neurologist's thinking, from his early and lesser known devotion to marine anatomy to the psychological theory that would alter forever humans' conception of themselves and launch a discipline, psychoanalysis, that dominated psychiatry for half a century. The American Psychoanalytic Association and the New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute collaborated in the exhibition. Freud's methods have fallen from favor in recent decades, but science historians say that his investigation of the unconscious more than a century ago stands as a revolutionary achievement that still informs many therapists' understanding of memory, trauma, and behavior Freud's drawing were serious science, the eel doodle notwithstanding. In the latter part of the 19th century, German researchers considered drawing to be instrumental to scientific discovery, both as a way to capture the microscopic detail of nerve cells, for example, and to illustrate theories of how the brain might work, said Lynn Gamwell, curator of the exhibit and director of the Art Museum at the State University of New York at Binghamton. " Einstein once said that when be thought about science, he thought visually, he thought in pictures, and this appears to be the case with Freud," said Dr. Gamwell, a professor of science history. Freud's drawing tell a story in three acts, from biology to psychology, from the microscope to the couch. The first, from Freud's college years into his mid-twenties, took place in laboratories, where he examined the nervous systems of crayfish and lamprey, among other animals. The 21 drawings from this period would look familiar to anyone who used a microscope in high school but on deeper inspection betray compulsive detail. One, titled "On the Structure of the Nerve Fibers and Nerve Cells of the River Crayfish, " depicts four types of nerve cells and minutely details the elements in the nuclei, the cell bodies shaded so carefully that they appear three-dimensional, alive, alien eyeballs bobbing in space. In another sketch, of the spinal anatomy of the lamprey, nerve fibers braid together like climbing vines, with cells hung throughout like clusters of ripening grapes. By his late twenties, Freud had gained some experience with patients and, in a second phase of his career, he began to focus on brain function rather than descriptive anatomy. One drawing from this period, meant to illustrate the brain's auditory system, is as spare and geometric as a Calder sculpture, with fibers running between neural regions. The sketch is meant to represent scientific pathways in the brain, but the depiction is dramatically more abstract than his earlier work. In another, from an unpublished essay titled "Introduction to neuropathology," looping lines connect several nodes in a diagram intended to show how areas of the brain represent body, arms, face, hands. At the time these drawing appeared, many neurologists presumed the body was somehow mirrored in the brain, perhaps altered in form but recognizable, intact. Yet in this sketch and others like it, Freud said the brain worked differently; that is, fibers and cell "contain the body periphery in the same way as a poem contains the alphabet, in a complete arrangement" based on a body part's function, not its location. Later research supported Freud's contention.

单选题The bat is a marvel of evolutionary adaptation. Most of them roost during the day, and are active at night or twilight for they can avoid objects in the dark. I have seen this phenomenon at work. In my youth I used to explore old mining shafts in the Randsburg district. Sometimes my intrusion disturbed clans of bats that were hanging upside down in the dark caves. They would fly about to evident panic, but the panic was mine, not theirs. Some flew crazily out into the daylight but some merely returned to their perches. None ever touched me, much to my relief. They may exist but I have never seen a stuffed nylon bat. To children, bats may not be as lovable as koala bears. Perhaps manufacturers do not regard them as marketable. It is not so much their hideous faces and winged bodies that have caused us to get rid of bats, but rather the ancient myths in which dead humans, such as Count Dracula, leave their graves at night in the form of bats to suck blood from human victims, especially fragile young woman. As we know from some movies these vampires must return to their graves before daylight. Endangered young women can frustrate vampire by sleeping with a string of garlic around their necks. There are actually three species of bloodsucking bats. They are called vampire bats after the ancient legends, and their tactics are indeed frightful. Like Count Dracula, they feed at night. They make a small cut in their sleeping victim with sharp incisor teeth, usually not even awakening their prey. Then they suck the blood that sustains them. Should that discourage children from wanting them as pets? As Mitchell notes from the New 'Yorker ad, bats are clean and intelligent. Most of them are insect-eaters, and they serve nature by destroying crop-damaging insects. They also pollinate (传授花粉) flowers and spreading seed. Bat Conservation International claims that without bats a host of insects/pests would multiply unchecked and many of our planet's most valuable plants would go unpollinated. It is clear that the bat is our friend, and that, despite its appearance, it is here to serve humanity. I'd be the first to buy a stuffed nylon bat. Children's hearts are big, and bats need love, too.

单选题No one ______ him about his intention. A) dares ask B) dare ask C) dare to ask D) dares asking

单选题The miser will not donate any money to charity because he is ______________ .

单选题If there were no water in the world, everything______ . A．will die B．would die C．would have died D．would have been dead

单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator." In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed--natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling... What refrigeration did promote was marketing--marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house--while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next Winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.

单选题You have heard of Webster Toys. Webster's have made good, safe, interesting toys for more than a hundred years. Now, we sell them, and children play with them, in countries from New Zealand to Norway, and from Japan to Brazil(巴西). We are looking for someone to sell our toys in the Far East. He (or she) will be between the ages of thirty and forty. He will already have some years of selling in world markets behind him. He will speak good English, and at least one other language of the Far east. The person we are looking for will live in Singapore, and work in our office there, but he will travel for up to six months in any one year. He will know the Far East quite well already. He will know how to sell in old markets, and where to find new ones. He will understand money, and make more than ever before, for himself, and for Webster Toys. Webster's want someone who can stand on his own feet. If you think you are the person we are looking for, write to Mr. J. Sloman at our Head Office. Webster Toys Ltd. Church Mill, Watford Herts. WD3 6HE

单选题The government decided to take a______action to strengthen the market management. A. diverse B. durable C. epidemic D. drastic

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when there is a good reason for doing so. Many gardeners believe that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds. A tree may grow healthier by removing the branches that are locking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry (进入) for diseases, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die. Pruning is usually clone in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without the interference from the leaves.

单选题When the United States Congress created Yellowstone National Park in 1872, the goal was to set aside a place where Americans could enjoy the beauty of nature for years to come. Now, 142 years later, there are hundreds of national parks across the country, and technology is changing the way people experience them. Should park visitors be able to use cell phones, or should their use be restricted? "Connectivity presents a real challenge to all of us." A1 Nash says. He is a public affairs officer at Yellowstone National Park. He says cell phone service at Yellowstone is available in parts of the park With stores and campgrounds. This makes it easy for visitors to share photos of their trip on social networking sites and to stay in touch with friends and family members. If a park visitor is hurt or in danger, cell phones make it easier to get help. Some say the ability to download applications that provide information about plants and animals in the park can enrich a visitor"s experience. Others say cell phones disturb people"s enjoyment of our national parks. In their view, cell phone towers are an eyesore , and they"d rather hear the sound of birds than the ring of an incoming call. Can you imagine looking out a peaceful lake or field of grass only to be disturbed by a person shouting into their phone, "Can you hear me now?" Nash says Yellowstone tries to strike a balance. "Ultimately, our job is to let visitors understand and enjoy nature better while protecting what people find special about Yellowstone, and one of those things that"s special is the ability to get away from the hustle and bustle (喧嚣) of one"s daily life."

单选题I (can't hardly) believe it (when) I saw it (with) my (own eyes). A. can't hardly B. when C. with D. own eyes

单选题On AIDS Day, the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems______paid special attention to.

单选题More and more residences, businesses, and even government agencies are using telephone answering machines to take messages or give information or instructions. Sometimes these machines give (1) instructions, or play messages that are difficult to understand. If you (2) telephone calls, you need to be ready to respond if you get a (3) . The most common machine is the (4) used in residence. If you call a home (5) there is a telephone answering machine in operation you (6) hear several rings and then a recorded message (7) usually says something (8) this: "Hello. We can't come to the (9) right now. If you want us to call you back, please leave your name and number after the beep." Then you will hear a "beep," (10) is a brief, high-pitched (11) . Alter the beep, you can say who you are, whom you want to speak to, and what number the person should call to (12) you, or you can leave a (13) . Some telephone answering machines (14) for only 20 or 30 seconds after the beep, so you must respond quickly. Some large businesses and government agencies are using telephone answering machines to provide information on (15) about which they receive a large volume of (16) . Using these systems (17) you to have a touch-tone phone (a phone with buttons rather than a rotary dial). The voice on the machine will tell your to push a certain button on your telephone if you want in-formation on Topic A, another button for Topic B, and so on. You listen (18) you hear the topic you want to learn about, and then you push the (19) button. After making your (20) , you will hear a recorded message on the topic.

单选题Which word would you use to describe the author’s tone in this passage?

单选题(Only) by practice (will you) be able to improve your (speaking) English and gradually (speak) fluently. A. Only B. will you C. speaking D. speak