单选题

单选题It was with great effort that the_______between the two families was finally arranged.

单选题 The Early History of Computers 计算机史 One of the first occurrences of computer technology occurred in the USA in the 1880s. It was due to the American Constitution demanding that a survey be undertaken every 10 years[1]. As the population in the USA increased, it took an increasing amount of time to produce the statistics. By the 1880s, it looked likely that the 1880 survey would not be complete until 1890. To overcome this, Herman Hollerith[2] (who worked for the Government) devised a machine which accepted punch cards with information on them. These cards allowed a current to pass through a hole when there was a hole present. Holleriths electromechanical machine was extremely successful and used in the 1890 and 1900 Censuses. He even founded the company that would later become International Business Machines (IBM)[3]: CTR (Computer Tabulating Recording). Unfortunately, Holleriths business fell into financial difficulties and was saved by a young salesman at CTR, named Tom Watson, who recognized the potential of selling punch card-based calculating machines to American business. He eventually took over the company, and, in the 1920s, he renamed it International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). After this, electromechanical machines were speeded up and improveＤ. Electromechanical computers would soon lead to electronic computers, using valves. The first electronic computers were developed, independently, in 1943; these were the Harvard Mk I and Colossus[4]. Colossus was developed in the UK and was used to crack the German coding system whereas Harvard Mk I was developed at Harvard University and was a general-purpose electromechanical programmable computer. These led to the first generation of computers which used electronic valves and used punched cards for their main, non-volatile storage[5]. The worlds first large electronic computer(1946), containing 19000 values, was built at the University of Pennsylvania by John Eckert during World War Ⅱ. It was called ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)[6] and it ceased operation in 1957. By todays standards, it was a lumbering dinosaur and by the time it was dismantled it weighed over 30 tons and spread itself over 1500 square feet. Amazingly, it also consumed over 25 kw of electrical power but could perform over 100000 calculations per second (which is reasonable, even by todays standards). Unfortunately, it was unreliable, and would only work for a few hours on average, before a valve needed to be replaceＤ. Faultfinding, though, was easier in those days, as a valve, which was working, would not glow, and would be cold to touch. Valves were fine and were used in many applications, such as in TV sets and radios, but they were unreliable and consumed great amounts of electrical power, mainly to the heating element on the cathode[7]. By the 1940s, several scientists at the Bell Laboratories[8] were investigating materials called semiconductors, such as silicon and germanium. These substances only conducted electricity moderately well, but when they were doped with impurities their resistance changeＤ. From this work, they made a crystal called a diode, which worked like a valve, but had many advantages, including the fact that it did not require a vacuum and was much smaller. It also worked well at room temperatures, required little electrical current and had no warm-up time. This was the start of microelectronics. One of the great revolutions of all time occurred on December 1948 when William Shockley, Waiter Brattain, and John Bardeen at the Bell Labs produced a transistor that could act as a triode. It was made from a germanium crystal with a thin p-type section sandwiched between two n-type materials. Rather than release its details to the world, Bell Laboratories kept its invention secret for over seven months so that they could fully understand its operation. They soon applied for a patent for the transistor and, on 30 June 1948, they finally revealed the transistor to the world[9]. Unfortunately, as with many other great inventions, it received little public attention and even less press coverage (the New York Times gave it 41/2 inches on page 46). It must be said that few men have made such a profound change on the world, and Shockley, Brattain, and Bardeen were deservedly awarded the Nobel Prize in 1956. In 1959, Fairchild Semiconductor[10] filed for a patent for the planar process of manufacturing transistors. This process made commercial production of transistors possible and led to Fairchild s introduction, in two years. of the first commercial integrated circuit[11]. Within a few years, transistors were small enough to make hearing aids that fit into the ear, and soon within pacemakers. Companies, such as Sony, started to make transistors operate over higher frequencies and within larger temperature ranges. Eventually, they became so small that many of them could be placed on a single piece of silicon. These were referred to as microchips and they stared the microelectronics industry. The first two companies who developed the integrated circuit, were Texas Instruments and Fairchild Semiconductor. At Fairchild Semiconductor, Robert Noyce constructed an integrated circuit with components connected by aluminium lines on a silicon-oxide surface layer on a plane of silicon. He then went on to lead one of the most innovative companies in the world, the Intel Corporation. In the same year, IBM built the first commercial transistorized computer named the IBM 7090/7094 series, which dominated the computer market for many years. In 1960, in New York, IBM went on to develop the first automatic mass-production facility for transistors. In 1963, the Digital Equipment Company (DEC)[12] sold their first minicomputer, to Atomic Energy of Canada DEC would become the main competitor to IBM, but eventually failed as they dismissed the growth in the personal computer market. The second generation of computers started in 1961 when the great innovator, Fairchild Semiconductor, released the first commercial integrated circuit. In the next two years, significant advances were made in the interfaces to computer systems. The first was by Teletype, who produced the Model 33 keyboard and punched-tape terminal. It was a classic design and was on many of the available systems. The other advance was by Douglas Engelbart, who received a patent for the mouse-pointing device for computers. The production of transistors increased, and each year brought a significant decrease in their size. Gordon Moore, in 1964, plotted the growth in the number of transistors that could fit into a single microchip[13], and found that the number of transistors that can be fit into an integrated circuit approximately doubled every 18 months. This is now known as Moores law[14], and has been surprisingly accurate ever since. In 1964, Texas Instruments also received a patent for the integrated circuit. The third generation of computer started in 1965 with the use of integrated circuits rather than discrete transistors. IBM, again, was innovative and created the System/ 360[15] mainframe. In the course of history, it was a true classic computer. Then, in 1970 IBM introduced the System/370, which included semiconductor memories. All of the computers were very expensive (approx. ＄1,000,000), and were the great computing workhorses of the time. Most companies had to lease their computer systems, as they could not afford to purchase them. As IBM happily clung to their mainframe market, several new companies were working away to erode their share. DEC would be the first, with their minicomputer, but it would be the PC companies of the future who would finally overtake them. The beginning of their loss of market share can be traced to the development of the microprocessor, and to one company: Intel. In 1967, though, IBM again showed their leadership in the computer industry by developing the first floppy disk. The growing electronics industry started to entice new companies to specialize to key areas, such as International Research who applied for a patent for a method of constructing double-sided magnetic tape utilizing a Mumetal foil inter layer[16]. In 1968, Douglas Ｃ. Engelbart, of the Standford Research Institute, demonstrated the concept of computer systems using a keypad, a mouse, and windows at the Joint Computer Conference in San Franciscos Civic Center. He also demonstrated the use of a word processor, a hypertext[17] system, and remote collaboration. His keyboard, mouse, and windows concept has since become the standard user interface to computer systems. In 1969, Hewlett-Packard branched into the world of digital electronics with the worlds desktop scientific calculator: the HP 9100Ａ.At the time, the electronics industry was producing cheap pocket calculators, which led to the development of affordable computers, when the Japanese company, Busicom, commissioned Intel to produce a set of between 8 and 12 ICs for a calculator. Then instead of designing a complete set of ICs, Ted Hoff, at Intel, designed an integrated circuit chip that could receive instructions, and perform simple integrated functions on datＡ. The design became the 4004 microprocessor. Intel produced a set of ICs, which could be programmed to perform different tasks. These were the first ever microprocessors and soon Intel produced a general-purpose 4-bit microprocessor, named the 4004. The 4004 caused a revolution in the electronics industry as previous electronic systems had a fixed functionality. With this processor, the functionality could be programmed by software. Amazingly, by todays standards, it could only handle 4 bits of data at a time (a nibble) , contained 2000 transistors, had 46 instructions and allowed 4KB of program code and I KB of datＡ. From this humble start, the PC has since evolved using Intel microprocessors. Intel had previously been an innovative company, and had produced the first memory device (static RAM, which uses six transistors for each bit stored in memory), the first DRAM (dynamic memory, which uses only one transistor for each bit stored in memory) and the first EPROM (which allows data to be device, which is then permanently stored). In 1974, Intel was a truly innovative company, and was the first to develop an 8-bit microprocessor. These devices could handle 8 bits (a byte) of data at a time. These were much more powerful than the previous 4-bit devices and were used in many early microcomputers and in applications such as electronic instruments and printers. The 8008 had a 14-bit address bus and could thus address up to 16KB of memory, and the 8080 and 8085 had 16-bit address buses, giving them limit of 64KＢ. At the time, Intels main product area was memory, and microprocessors seemed like a good way of increasing sales for other product lines, especially memory. Excited by the new 8-bit microprocessors, two kids from a private high school, Bill Gates and Paul Allen, rushed out to buy the new 8008 device. This they believed would be the beginning of the end of the large, and expensive, mainframes (such as the IBM range) and minicomputers. They bought the proceessors for the high price of ＄360 (possibly, a joke at the expense of the IBM System/360 mainframe), but even they could not make it support BASIC programming. Instead, they formed the Traf-O-Data company and used the 8008 to analyze tickertape read-outs of cars passing in a street. The company would close down in the following year (1973) after it had made ＄ 20000, but from this enterprising start, one of the leading computer companies in the world would grow: Micro-soft. In 1975, Micro-soft (as it was known before the hyphen was dropped) realized the potential of BASIC for the newly developed 8-bit computer and used it to produce the first programming language for the PＣ. Their first product was BASIC for the Altair, and licensed it to MITS, their first customer. The MITS, Altair 8800 was a truly innovative system and sold for ＄375 and had I KB memory. Soon Microsoft BASIC 2.0, for the Altair 8800, was available in 4K and 8K editions. The Altair was an instant successl and MITS began to work on a Motorola 6800-based system. Even its bus became a standard: the S100 bus. The third generation of microprocessors began, in June 1976, with the launch of the 16-bit processors, and it was on May 1978 that Intel released the 8086 microprocessor. This processor was mainly an extension to the original 8080 processor and thus retained a degree of software compatibility. 1985 was the year that Microsoft released their first version of Windows, at a price of ＄100. It was hardly starting, and would take another two versions before it completely dominated the market. It could not multitask, and still used DOS. Another major failing was that it did not use the full capabilities of the new 32-bit processor(80386) or the enhanced 16-bit processor(80286), and could thus only access up I MB of memory. Microsoft had over the past few years initiated many new products for both the IBM PC, and the Apple Macintosh. In 1985, they consolidated their market with new versions of the successful software, such as MS-DOS 3. 2 and Microsoft Word 3. 0. In MS-DOS 3. 2, support was added for 3. 5-inch 720 KB floppy disk drives (these disks were much more reliable than the older, floppy, 5-inch floppy disk, as they had a hard case to protect them). The initial investment of time, and energy, for those involved in Microsoft was rewarded when, for the first time, Microsoft sold its shares to publiＣ. When floated, each share was worth ＄ 21, which raised ＄ 61 million for Microsoft, and made Bill Gates the worlds youngest billionaire. Notes [1]．．．American Constitution demanding that a survey be undertaken every 10 years． ……美国宪法要求每10年进行一次调查。一般情况下demand引起的宾语从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气should do结构，should常可省略。如： (1)Our boss demanded that all the staff members should come to work before 8:00． (2)The teacher demanded that every student hand in the homework in time． [2]Herman Hollerith(1860-1929赫尔曼·哈雷里斯)，美国科学家。他开发了卡片制表系统，这一系统被认为是现代计算机的雏形。他于1896年成立了制表机器公司(Tabulating Machine Company)。1911年，哈雷里斯的制表机器公司合并了另外一家公司，组成了计算机制表公司。1924年，在Thomas Watson的领导下，公司更名为国际商业机器公司(IBM)。哈雷里斯至今仍被认为是信息处理之父。 [3]International Business Machines Corporation(IBM)(美国)国际商用机器公司 [4]Harvard MK I哈佛大学20世纪20年代末40年代初设计的机电计算机 [5]．．． non-volatile storage：(不变)非易失性存储器 [6] ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)电子数字积分计算机(第一台通用电子数字计算机的名字) [7]．．．mainly to the heating element on the cathode：主要是由于阴极射线管上的发热电极 [8]Bell Laboratories: Bell Laboratories贝尔实验室，世界上公认的最大工业实验室，为ATT和Western Electric两家公司所共有．1948年它产生了晶体管，它的成就还包括太阳能电池及第一颗通信卫星(tester)等。 [9]They soon applied for a patent for the transistor and, on 30 June 1948, they finally revealed the transistor to the world． 他们很快申请了晶体管的发明专利，并且在1948年6月30号最终向全世界公布了晶体管。 [10]FairChild(美国)仙童半导体公司 [11]integrated circuit集成电路，常简写成IC [12]the Digital Equipment Company (DEC)(美国)数字设备公司 [13]could be fitted ontoa single microchip． 可以安在一个单芯片上。 [14]This is now known as Moores law． 这就是现在人们熟知的摩尔定律。 [15]the System/360: IBM360计算机系统 [16]Mumetal foil inter layer:钼铁铜锰合金箔夹层。 [17]hypertext: 超级文本，一系列逻辑上互相联结的数据库，一个数据库内的信息和另一个数据库内的信息能够在逻辑上交叉链接 Choose the best answer:

单选题Which of the following is transparent?

单选题Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the influenza virus. The disease, which was first identified in Italy more than 100 years ago, occurs worldwide.All birds are thought to be susceptible to infection with avian influenza, though some species are more resistant to infection than others. Infection causes a wide spectrum of symptoms in birds, ranging from mild illness to a highly contagious and rapidly fatal disease resulting in severe epidemics. The latter is known as "highly pathogenic avian influenza". This form is characterized by sudden onset, severe illness, and rapid death, with a mortality that can approach 100%. Fifteen subtypes of influenza virus are known to infect birds, thus providing an extensive reservoir of influenza viruses potentially circulating in bird population. To date, all outbreaks of the highly pathogenic form have been caused by influenza A viruses of subtypes H5 and H7. Migratory waterfowl—most notably wild ducks—are the natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses, and these birds are also the most resistant to infection. Domestic poultry, including chickens and turkeys, are particularly susceptible to epidemics of rapidly fatal influenza. Direct or indirect contact of domestic flocks with wild migratory waterfowl has been implicated as a frequent cause of epidemics. Live bird markets have also played an important role in the spread of epidemics. Recent research has shown that viruses of low pathogenicity can, after circulation for sometimes short periods in a poultry population, mutate into highly pathogenic viruses. During a 1983-1984 epidemic in the United States of America, the H5N2 virus initially caused low mortality, but within six months became highly pathogenic, with a mortality approaching 90%. Control of the outbreak required destruction of more than 17 million birds at a cost of nearly US $65 million. During a 1999-2001 epidemic in Italy, the H7N1 virus, initially of low pathogenicity, mutated within 9 months to a highly pathogenic form. More than 13 million birds died or were destroyed. The quarantining of infected farms and destruction of infected or potentially exposed flocks are standard control measures aimed at preventing spread to other farms and eventual establishment of the virus in a country's poultry population. Apart from being highly contagious, avian influenza viruses are readily transmitted from farm to farm by mechanical means, such as by contaminated equipment, vehicles, feed, cages, or clothing. Highly pathogenic viruses can survive for long periods in the environment, especially when temperatures are low. Stringent sanitary measures on farms can, however, confer some degree of protection. In the absence of prompt control measures backed by good surveillance, epidemics can last for years. For example, an epidemic of H5N2 avian influenza, which began in Mexico in 1992, started with low pathogenicity, evolved to the highly fatal form, and was not controlled until 1995.

单选题Everything depends on ______ we get a raise in our salary.

单选题Passage 4 It didn't happen overnight. The problem of polluted air has been festering for centuries. Suddenly the problem of air pollution is becoming critical and is erupting right before our eyes Not only do our eyes burn as they focus through murky air, but when the air clears, we see trees and vegetation dying. We must realize that this destruction can no longer be pinned to some mysterious cause. The one major culprit is air pollution. Today's air pollution is an unfortunate by-product of the growth of civilization. Civilized mall desires goods that require heavy industrialization and mass production. Machines and factories sometimes pollute and taint the air with substances that are dangerous to man and the environment. These substances include radioactive dust, salt spray, herbicide and pesticide aerosols, liquid droplets of acidic matter, gases, and sometimes soil particles. These materials can act alone to irritate objects and forms of life. More dangerously, they join together to act upon the environment. Only lately have we begun recognizing some of their dangerous consequences. Scientists have not yet been able to obtain a complete report on the effects of air pollution on trees. They do know, however, that sulfur dioxide, fluorides, and ozone destroy trees and that individual trees respond differently to the numerous particulate and gaseous pollutants. Sometimes trees growing in a single area under attack by pollutants will show symptoms of injury or will die while their neighbors remain healthy. Scientists believe this difference in response depends on the kind of tree and its genetic makeup. Other factors, such as the tree's stage of growth and nearness to the pollution source, the amount of pollutant, and the length of the pollution attack also play a part. In short, whether or not a tree dies as a result of air pollution depends on a combination of host and environmental factors. For the most part, air pollutants injure trees. To conifers, which have year-round needles, air pollution causes early balding. In this event, trees cannot maintain normal food production levels. Undernourished and weakened, they are open to attack by a host of insects, diseases, and other environmental stresses. Death often follows. Air pollution may also cause hardwoods to lose their leaves. Because their leaves are borne only for a portion of the year and are replaced the following year, air pollution injury to hardwoods may not be so severe.

单选题For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn." People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What"s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It"s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields? The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children"s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like Vos Savant"s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Steinberg. In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?" Steinberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ test do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it knows when to guess or what questions to skip.

单选题The plate dropped on the floor and______into little pieces.

单选题Professor Collins was ______ of the latest developments in physics because he had been in hospital for several months.

单选题{{B}}Passage 5{{/B}} Soon after Beijing graduate student Gang Dong-chun landed in Taiwan last year to research its political development, the United Daily News invited him to write a guest column. Gang quickly discovered, however, that there was a huge gap between his views and those of his Taiwanese comrades. The result: The Beijing University researcher came in for stinging criticism in the same newspaper. One critic asked how someone from the university whose students launched China's historic plutodemocracy movement of May 4, 1919, could argue that things such as national and economic development should take precedence over democracy. The episode illustrated both the problems and the promise of educational exchanges across the Taiwan Strait. Gang was nevertheless just the first of what may soon be a steady trickle of students, teachers and researchers taking part in educational exchanges. Until now, these have been limited to brief conferences and getting-to-know-you tours of each side's educational centers. But now Taipei and Beijing are allowing longer stays for study and research a significant breakthrough that could help reduce the two sides' many differences. Ironically, the exchanges are gaining momentum despite recent cross-strait tensions. In mid-January, university presidents and administrators from two dozen educational institutions in mainland China met their Taiwanese counterparts for 10 days at National Cheng Kung University in the southern city of Tainan. They discussed how to move from perfunctory to substantive exchanges. "In the past, academics were led by politics," says Wu Jin, the university's president. "This is not right. We should deal with academics and politics separately. " The conference concluded with a politically neutral statement with the bland title: To Create the 21st Century for the Chinese People Through Academic Cooperation. In it, the presidents of leading schools in Taiwan and prestigious mainland institutions agreed to open teaching posts in each others' universities, cooperate on research projects and open doors for students to study on both sides. Weng Shilie, an engineering professor who's president of Shanghai's Jiaotong University, says "Education is forever," implying that political problems are merely temporary. Temporary or not, the obstacles to cooperation remain formidable. Neither side recognizes the other's academic credentials and both governments impose paralyzing restrictions on students. In Taiwan, screening committees at two ministries must vet applications from mainland-Chinese students. Taipei allowed an estimated 6,000 Chinese residents to visit Taiwan for education and cultural exchanges last year, an increase of 50% over 1994. Most were athletes, performing artists and scholars attending conferences. Following Gang's three-month stay last year, Taiwan agreed to let 14 graduate researchers come from China to study; the first are expected to arrive in March. They will research Taiwan-related topics at nine universities. Each student will receive a monthly scholarship of NT $15,000 ($546) for his first four months, a round-trip air ticket, accommodation and health insurance. Education officials in Taipei say they hope to increase the number of scholarships to 20 next year. "We have opened the door," says Bruce Wu, who administers the scholarships from the Chinese Development Fund of the Mainland Affairs Council, a cabinet-level agency in Taipei. "Everything now depends on China's cooperation. " Given the political stalemate between Taipei and Beijing, however, skepticism abounds. In practice, says political scientist Lu Ya-li of National Taiwan University, it is very difficult for the two sides to treat education in a politically neutral way. "Cross-strait academic exchanges are very important. But so far no professors can come here for a long-term teaching assignment, and some schools are against these exchanges for political reasons. " Recent visitors to China say there are already some Taiwanese students studying on the mainland without official approval, Lu and other Taiwanese academics say there is an even stronger attraction among mainland-Chinese professors to teach in Taiwan because salaries are higher and research resources more plentiful. Says Lu. "Some schools here are trying to recruit acuity, mostly in such fields as Chinese literature and the natural sciences. " Still, that may be a pipe dream. Lu says the gap in the social sciences is far too great for such exchanges because of four decades of Marxist ideology. "In political science," sighs Lu, "we still don't speak the same language. "

单选题The physical distribution of products has two primary aspects: transportation and storage. Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing. The costs of both transporting and storing are built into the prices of products. Transportation can be by truck, railways, ship, or barge. For some items, such as exotic plants and flowers, or when rapid delivery is essential, air freight may be used. Storage, or warehousing, is a necessary function because production and consumption of goods rarely match: items generally are not sold as quickly as they are made. Inventories build up, both in warehouses and at retail establishments, before the foods are sold. The transportation function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retail stores. Storage performs the service of stabilizing market price. If, for example, no agricultural product could be stored, all food would have to be put on the market immediately. This would, of course, create a glut and lower prices drastically. There would be an immediate benefit to consumers, but in the long run they would suffer. Farmers, because of low prices, would be forced off the land, and the amount of food produced would decrease. This, in turn, would raise consumer prices. Warehouses for storage are of several types. Private warehouses are owned by manufacturers. Public warehouses, in spite of their name, are privately owned facilities, but they are independent of manufacturer ownership. General-merchandise warehouses store a great variety of products. Cold-storage warehouses store perishable goods, especially food products. Grain elevators are a kind of warehouse used to keep wheat and other grains from spoiling. A bonded warehouse is one that stores foods, frequently imported, on which taxes must be paid before they are sold. Cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are common examples. The distribution center is a more recently developed kind of warehouse. Many large companies have several manufacturing plants, sometimes located outside the country. Each plant does not make every company product but specializes in one or more of them. The distribution center allows a manufacturer to bring together all product lines in one place. Its purpose is to minimize storage and to ease the flow of goods from manufacturers to retailers rather than build up extensive inventories. It reduces costs by speeding up product turnover. Very large corporations will have several distribution centers regionally or internationally based.

单选题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places' that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country's economy. It is important to think about the people of a destination and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country to keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the well-being of local inhabitants. {{U}}Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry.{{/U}} This means that other parts of the country's economy can suffer. On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first-class roads, and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international-class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50000 dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel lose money. Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.

单选题Was it during the Second World War ______ he died? A) that B) while C) in which D) then

单选题The elephant I saw in the zoo ate ______ all the things the visitors gave it.A. upB. atC. outD. off

单选题I don't understand why people ______such a beautiful garden with cans and bottles.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)

单选题It is not just Indian software and "business-process outsourcing" firms that are benefiting from the rise of the internet. Indian modern art is also on an upward spiral, driven by the aspirations of newly rich Indians, especially those living abroad, who use the internet to spot paintings and track prices at hundreds of gallery and auction websites. Prices have risen around 20-fold since 2000. particularly for prized names such as Tyeb Mehta and F.N. Souza. There would have been "no chance" of that happening so fast without the internet, says Arun Vadehra, who runs a gallery in Delhi and is an adviser to Christie's, an international auction house. He expects worldwide sales of Indian art, worth $ 200million last year, to double in 2006. It is still a tiny fraction of the $ 30 billion global art market, but is sizeable for an emerging market. For newly rich--often very rich--non-resident Indians, expensive art is a badge of success in a foreign land." Who you are, and what you have, are on your walls," says Lavesh Jagasia, an art dealer in Mumbai. Indian art may also beat other forms of investment. A painting by Mr. Mehta that fetched $ 1.58 million last September would have gone for little more than $ 100 000 just four years ago. And a $ 22million art-investment fund launched in July by Osian's, a big Indian auction house, has grown by 4.1% in its first two months. Scant attention was paid to modern Indian art until the end of the 1990s. Then wealthy Indians, particularly those living abroad, began to take an interest. Dinesh Vazirani, who runs Saffronart, a leading Indian auction site, says 60% of his sales go to buyers overseas. The focus now is on six auctions this month. Two took place in India last week; work by younger artists such as Surendran Naif and Shibu Natesan beat estimates by more than 70%. Sotheby's and Christie's have auctions in New York next week, each with a Tyeb Mehta that is expected to fetch more than $ 1 million. The real question is the fate of other works, including some by Mr. Souza with estimates of up to $ 600 000. If they do well, it will demonstrate that there is strong demand and will pull up prices across the board. This looks like a market with a long way to run.