单选题{{B}}Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage:{{/B}} Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of alcoholic drinks. We've already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down--abolished by an amendment(修正案). After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manufacturing, selling, or transporting of "intoxication liquors." Without any more liquor, people could not drink it. And if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all very logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why? Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks to get it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gangs of liquor smugglers made it easy to buy an illegal drink—or two or three. They smuggled millions of gallons of the illegal beverages (饮料) across the Canadian and Mexican Borders. Drinkers were lucky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition. Instead people drank more alcohol than ever—often poisoned alcohol. On December 5, 1933, they removed prohibition by approving the 21st Amendment to the Constitution.

单选题Of the two kinds of minimization as categorized by Levinson, the one that has nothing to do with I-p is______.

单选题Our party needs new ______ before the next election.

单选题(2005)The student doesn't work_____he used to.

单选题Have you ever watched a home shopping program on TV? Can you describe (31) it's like to shop at home by television? Have you ever had to decide whether to go shopping (32) watch TV at home on a weekend? Now you can do (33) at the same time. Home shopping television networks have become a way for many people to shop (34) staying at home. Some shoppers are (35) of department stores and shopping malls-fighting the crowds, waiting in long lines, and sometimes not even finding (36) they want to buy. They'd rather (37) quietly at home in front of the TV set and watch a friendly announcer describe an item. And they can shop all day and night, (38) an item simply by making a phone call. Home shopping has become (39) popular that major fashion designers and large department stores are eager to join (40) the business. Some people wonder whether in the future shopping in stores (41) by shopping on TV. Yet for many people, going out and shopping at (42) stores is a way to relax and even be entertained. And for many shoppers (43) is still important to touch or try on items they want to buy. That's the reason (44) experts say in the future, home shopping will exist alongside store shopping but will (45) entirely replace it.

单选题Local governments assume high-speed railway can change the existing regional economic patterns of cities bring new economic benefits facilitate the rapid development of the new city areas.

单选题Mr. Wang and his son, both looking very happy, ______ taking a walk in the park. A. are B. is C. has D. have

单选题—Bob has made great progress recently. — ______, and ______.

单选题I need ______ to finish the chair.

单选题The report is required to be written ______ only in a few pages but with all the details.

单选题Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change (1) the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes (2) considered taboo can become perfectly (3) and natural (4) another point in time. Topics such as death, fro example, were once considered so (5) and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the (6) of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more (7) of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, (8) a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject. One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. (9) many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to fat. The " (10) " look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their (11) as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought (12) as lazy and (13) in energy, self-discipline and self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way. they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out". It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become (14) with staying slim and "in shape". The (15) of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, their sole reason for America's obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the (16) importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style Of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do (17) hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and (18) to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising. The effect of this new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with runners and bicyclists, physical education programs are enjoying a newly found (19) , and many companies are providing special exercise (20) for their employees to use during the work day.

单选题1 Today cognitive theorists empirically study the impact of feelings on cognitive proces ses such as memory and judgment and also the reciprocal influence of cognition on emotion. However, evolutionary theorists view emotion as a powerful source of motiva tion—an internal communication that something must be done. For example, when people are threatened, they feel fear, which in turn leads them to deal with the threatening situa tion through either fight or flight. Emotions and drives may also operate in tandem to moti vate action, as when excitement accompanies sexual arousal. From an evolutionary per spective, different emotions serve different functions. Fear facilitates flight in the face of danger; disgust prevents ingestion of potentially toxic substances such as rotting meat. An emotion that is less well understood is jealousy. Why do people become jealous in intimate sexual relationships? One series of studies tested evolutionary hypotheses about differences in the concerns men and women have about their partners' fidelity. Since fe males can have only a limited number of children during their lifetimes, to maximize their reproductive success they should be motivated to form relationships with males who have resources and will contribute them to their offspring. Indeed, cross-cultural evidence dem onstrates that one of the main mate selection criteria used by females around the world is male resources. From a female's point of view, then, infidelity accompanied by emotional commitment to the other woman is a major threat to resources. A man unlikely to divert re sources from his mate and her offspring to a casual fling, but the risk increases dramatical ly if he becomes emotionally involved and perhaps considers switching long-term partners. Hence, a woman's jealousy would be expected to focus on her mate's emotional commitment to another female. For males, the situation is different. If a male commits himself to an exclusive rela tionship with a female, he must be certain that the offspring in whom he is investing are his own. Since he cannot be sure of paternity, the best he can do is to prevent his mate from copulating with any other males. In males, then, jealousy would be expected to focus less on the female's emotional commitment or resources and more on her tendency to give other males sexual access. Indeed, in species ranging from insects to humans, males take extreme measures to prevent other males from inseminating their mates. In humans, male sexual jealousy is the leading cause of homicides and of spouse battering cross-culturally.

单选题"The news hit the British High Commission in Nairobi at nine-thirty on a Monday morning. Sandy Woodrow took it like a bullet, jaw rigid, chest out, smack through his divided English heart." Crikey. So that's how you take a bullet. Poor old Sandy. His English heart must be really divided now. This deliriously hardboiled opening sets the tone for what's to come. White mischief? Pshaw! White plague, more like it. Sandy Woodrow is head of chancery at the British High Commission in Nairobi. The news that neatly subdivides his heart as the novel opens is the death of a young, beautiful and idealistic lawyer turned aid worker named Tessa Quayle. Tessa has been murdered for learning too much about the dishonest practices of a large pharmaceutical company operating in Africa. Her body is found at Lake Turkana, in northern Kenya near the border with Sudan. Tessa's husband. Justin, is also a British diplomat stationed in Nairobi. Until now Justin has been an obedient civil servant, content to toe the official line—in short, a hard worker. But all that changes in the aftermath of his wife's murder. Full of righteous anger, he resolves to get to the bottom of it, come what may. "The Constant Gardener" has got plenty of tense moments and sudden twists and comes completely with shadowy figures lurking in the bush. There is a familiar tone of gentlemanly world- weariness to it all, which should keep Mr. le Carre's fans happy. But the novel is also an impassioned attack on the corruption which allows Africa to be used as a sort of laboratory for the testing of new medicines. Elsewhere, Mr. le Carte has denounced the "corporate cam, hypocrisy, corruption and greed" of the pharmaceutical industry. This position is excitingly dramatized in his book, even if the abuses he rails against are not exactly breaking news. In other respects "The Constant Gardener" is less satisfactory. Mr. le Carte can't seem to make up his mind whether he's writing a thriller or an expose. Ina recent article for the New Yorker he described his creative process as "a kind of deliberately twisted journalism, where nothing is quite what it is" and where any encounter may be "freely recast for its dramatic possibilities". Such is the method employed in "The Constant Gardener", whose heroine. Mr. le Carte says, was inspired by an old friend of his. One or two prominent real-life Kenyan politicians are mentioned often enough to become, in effect. "characters" in the story. And in a note at the end of the book Mr. le Cane thanks the various diplomats, doctors, pharmaceutical experts and old Africa hands who gave him advice and assistance, though in the same breath he insists that the staff of the British mission in Nairobi are no doubt all jolly good eggs who bear no resemblance whatsoever to the heartless scoundrels in his story. There's nothing wrong with a bit of artistic license, Of course. But Mr. le Carre's equivocation about the novel's relation to fact undermines its effectiveness as a work of social criticism, which is pretty clearly what it aspires to be. "The Constant Gardener" is a cracking thriller but a flawed exploration of a complicated set of political issues.

单选题Of all the family members, grandparents are probably the least valued. They are just the people who have always been around. They make a fuss over the children in the family, show off to their friends the achievements of this child or that child, and show countless pictures of new babies. Grandfathers can fix anything, and grandmothers always have homemade biscuits around. When you are small, it's fun to stay with your grandparents because they always let you do things you can't do at home, and, of course, they buy you things. They are always able to babysit because they don't go out much and actually prefer to see their grandchildren. They are usually good for a small loan now and then that doesn't need to be paid back because they turn it into a gift. You respectfully listen to their advice but don't thank them politely for what they do for you, and then don't call or visit them until you need something else. And, of course, you never tell them how dear they are to you because they know how you feel about them anyway. Then all of a sudden, they are no longer there to do the things that only grandparents can do, and you find yourself wishing that you had told them what they meant to you as people and not just as grandparents.

单选题People can (not) but feel (puzzling), for they (simply cannot) understand how he (could have made) such a stupid mistake. A. not B. puzzling C. simply D. could have made

单选题Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way. Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.

单选题Mr. Brown was at the theatre. He had got his ticket at the moment, so he had not been ahle to choose his seat. He now found that he was in the middle of a group of American la- dies, some of them middle-aged and some of them quite old. They clearly all knew each other well, as before the curtain went up on the play they had come to see, they all talked and joked a lot together. The lady sitting on Mr. Brown's left, who was about sixty years old, seemed to be the happiest and the most interesting of the American group, and after the first act of the play, she apologized to him for the noisiness of her friends. He answered that he was very glad to see American ladies so really enjoying their visit to England, and so they had a friendly talk. Mr. Brown's neighbour explained what they doing there. "You know, I have known these ladies all my life," she said. "We all grew up together back in our hometown in the United States. They have all lost their husbands~ and call themselves the Merry Widows. It is a sort of club, you know. They go to a foreign country every summer or two and have a lot of fun. They always go everywhere together. I have wanted to join their club for a long time, but I was not able to become a member until the spring of this year./