问答题请以闯红灯(red light running)为主题写一篇短文，内容包括： (1)闯红灯的现状； (2)闯红灯的原因及后果。

问答题The Purloined Letter

问答题Directions: You are planning to have a holiday in Southern China during the summer vacation. Write a letter to the sales department of a travel agency to: 1) introduce yourself and your purpose 2) explain the type of holiday you want 3) ask for necessary travel information You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Avant-garde (4 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. 71. {{U}}A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend toward "directed" or "programmed" research; i.e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves.{{/U}} Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand. At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense; the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform. 72. {{U}}As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.{{/U}} The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large sum of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed (programmatic) research. One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations. 73. {{U}}In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly- paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.{{/U}} Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science-not only pure science, but applied science as well.

问答题G20引领全球经济? 不到一年前，乔治·W·布什(George W.Bush)曾召集了20个主要经济体的领 导人进行集会以应对全球经济危机。本周，20国集团(G20)又被推到了国际经济决策 的最前沿。 奥巴马政府在一份声明中表示，G20领导人已经“达成了一项历史性协定，将G20 置于他们工作的中心位置，并通过共同努力打造一轮持续的复苏，同时避免导致本次危 机的金融脆弱性”。G20消息来源表示，新权力的出现将不会意味着对G7、G8等其他 集团的放弃。而是G20将重点对付经济议题，而G8将主要应对国际关系和外交政策。 但观察人辩称，各国领导人对有关G20重要性的说法有所夸大。尽管G8往往被视 为过于笨拙，不能作出有效的决策，但G20的工作很可能将被证明为是更加棘手的。本 周来自匹兹堡的G20公报篇幅冗长，却缺乏实质性的内容。“那些在世界经济上已经发 生了的戏剧性变化，并没有一直在全球经济合作的架构中得到体现。”白宫在另一份声 明中表示，“这种情况从今天开始改变，借助……历史性协定，将G20置于工作的中心 位置，并通过共同努力打造一轮持续的复苏……” G20这个新集团成员十分多元化，包括阿根廷、土耳其和欧盟轮值主席国，还有作 为观察员的西班牙、荷兰、联合国等等。在这样一个G字头集团越来越多的世界上，值 得注意的是一个由美国和中国两国组成、有G2之称的集团。 在本周G20匹兹堡峰会期间许多人提到了，与除了美国以外的其他任何与会国家相 比，中国代表团的规模与阵容都更胜一筹。“如果你想要知道世界将做些什么，那就先 搞清楚美国的立场，再搞清楚中国的立场，然后在中间的某个地方画一条线。”美国前 总统克林顿主政期间的高级官员大卫·罗斯科夫(David Rothkopf)表示，“谈到G20， 其实效率更高的做法是把加拿大和意大利踢出G8，邀请中国和印度取而代之。但是，政 府问的合作总是有益的，这种合作永远不会有坏处。” 世界的变迁也可能让全求官方多边机构感到不发。联合国秘书长潘基文(Ban Ki-Moon)周五在接受英国《金融时报》采访时表示，他到匹兹堡来是为了提醒G20各 国领导人：世界上85%的国家缺席了他们的会议，而G20国家的收入占了全球收入的85%。 “就政府间合作而言，仍是只有一个包容全体的机构，那就是联合国大会。”他表示，“我 已敦促出席G20峰会的各国领导人，在各个层面都将联合国视为关键合作伙伴。”

问答题Make a comment on Ernest Hemingway"s novel A Farewell to Arms.

问答题Directions: Suppose you want to study at a foreign university. Write a letter to 1) ask about its accommodation and fees, and 2) what qualifications one needs for acceptance. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.

问答题Success in improving students' thinking skills will require long-term commitment and a continuing emphasis on those proven teaching methods and activities that engage students in thinking, explicitly focus on specific thinking skills, and help students become more aware of their own thought processes. Instruction in thinking skills will have lasting benefits--students better able to acquire new information, to examine complex issues critically, and to solve new problems. In a world of rapid change and increasing complexity, it is difficult to imagine skills that are more fundamental. Like the ability to fish in the Chinese proverb, the ability to think lasts a lifetime.

问答题Outline:A. The importance of the personal competence and success in life;B. My experience on my way to success;C. My opinion on how to promote personal success.

问答题免疫系统紊乱

问答题虽说分享的确是种美德，但是在社交媒体上过度分享，不仅会伤害友情更是会殃及事业前途。人们需要在私生活与职场生活、分享与炫耀、好心与惹人厌之间寻求一种良性平衡。

问答题Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don"t know where they should go next. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan"s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party"s education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War Ⅱ had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents." But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it"s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization, fully 76 percent of Japan"s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.

问答题Directions: You are asked to write a composition according to the outline given below. Your composition should be not less than 120 words. You should write it clearly. (1)竞争是社会生活中常见的现象。 (2)我们发现竞争与合作共存。 (3)在竞争时也应合作。

问答题刚参加工作时遇到了哪困难。 2．产生这困难的原因。 3．如何克服这困难。

问答题Remember to write it clearly. (1)随着生活水平的提高，人们比以往更加重视着装。 (2)着装在生活中很重要。 (3)我的观点。

问答题Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

问答题Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 150 words. The essay should be based on the title: Understanding Is the Key to A Harmonious Relationship.

问答题 {{U}}The types of daydreams, whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair take shape in childhood when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles: positive, negative and scattered, American Health reports.{{/U}} Although everyone lapses occasionally into each of these types, positive daydreamers are more likely to imagine happy, playful or entertaining scenarios. (2){{U}}Negative daydreamers tend to dwell on life's darker side imagining dangerous and/or life threatening situations, such as the{{/U}} {{U}}appearance of a fatal or weakening disease or becoming a victim of violence.{{/U}} Scattered daydreamers are easily bored and distracted. "Their mental images tend to be fleeting, repetitive and shallow, like variations on the same fairy tales," explains Yale psychologist Ron Tower. (3){{U}}While all three types are common, positive imaginations are likeliest to serve as springboards (跳板) for problem solving, while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling anxious.{{/U}} Negative daydreamers are waiting for the other shoe "to fall." Their imaginations are often guilt-ridden or obsessive. There are times when drifting away can cause problems, according to Bolin. "If daydreaming gets in the way of daily function because the person is doing it all day, the person won't be very productive," she says. "The amount of time and the frequency that a person daydreams is what's important. It should not take up all of your time. (4){{U}}If people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive (过多的) , they should take a realistic look at what's going on in their life and ask themselves what the are trying to avoid.{{/U}} Then they can assess what steps they need to take to correct the situation." (Anyone who has a hard time discriminating between reality and imagination or starts replacing real life family and friends with imagined people should seek professional help.) (5){{U}}Professor Singer sums up the advantages of daydreams to the average person: "by sitting quietly and letting your daydreams emerge instead of squelching (抑制) them, you may find there are parts of yourself you haven't been listening to.{{/U}} Instead of fearing them, you'll gain access to tremendous range of interesting, creative ideas."

问答题The word 'culture' is probably the single most central concept in twentieth-century anthropology. Anthropologists use the word 'culture' in a number of different senses. It seems to us that some of them use it as equivalent to what we call a form of social life. In its ordinary use in English, 'culture', which is much the same idea as cultivation, refers to the process by which a person acquires, from contact with other persons or from such things as books or works of art, knowledge, skill, ideas, beliefs, tastes, and sentiments. That is the definition of 'culture'. In a particular society we can discover certain processes of cultural tradition, using the word tradition in its literal meaning of handing on or handing down. The understanding and use of a language is passed on by a process of cultural tradition in this sense. An Englishman learns by such a process to understand and use the English language, but in some sections of the society he may also learn Latin, or Greek, or French, or Welsh. In complex modem societies there are a great number of separate cultural traditions. By one a person may learn to be a doctor or surgeon, by another he may learn to be an engineer or an architect. In the simplest forms of social life the number of separate cultural traditions may be reduced to two, one for men and the other for women. If we treat the social reality that we are investigating as being not an entity but a process, then culture and cultural tradition are names for certain recognizable aspects of that process, but not, of course, the whole process. The terms are convenient ways of referring to certain aspects of human social life. It is by reason of the existence of culture and cultural traditions that human social life differs very markedly from the social life of other animal species. The transmission of learnt ways of thinking, feeling and acting constitutes the cultural process, which is a specific feature of human social life. It is, of course, part of that process of interaction among persons which is here defined as the social process thought of as the social reality. Continuity and change in the forms of social life being the subjects of investigation of comparative sociology, the continuity of cultural traditions and changes in those traditions are amongst the things that have to be taken into account.