问答题Read the following paragraphs and then answer four questions. (北外201 1年研)The idea behind the experiential vision of learning is that the use of the target language for communicative purposes is not only the goal of learning, but also a means of learning in its own right. This may clearly involve students using language which they may not have fully mastered, and contrasts with other more ' traditional' approaches which emphasize part practice (i. e., isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning) leading up in a more or less controlled manner to integrated language use for communicative purposes. An experiential approach to learning may therefore involve a degree of what Johnson (1982) refers to as an ' in at the deep end strategy'. Simply throwing learners into wholly uncontrolled and undirected language use is, of course, as dubious a strategy with respect to language learning as doing the same with someone who is learning to swim. For this reason, considerable effort has been devoted by methodologists, material writers, and teachers in recent decades to the way in which two sets of factors can be combined. One is the basic insight that language use can serve a significant role in promoting learning, and the other is the acknowledgement that use of the language needs to be structured in a coherent and pedagogically manageable way. The experiential vision of learning has evolved in a variety of ways since the 1960s and is now encountered in a number of differing forms. Nevertheless, most experiential approaches to learning rest on five main principles which were developed in the earlier days of the communicative movement, even if certain receive more attention in one variant than in another. These principles are the following: message focus, holistic practice, the use of authentic materials, the use of communication strategies, and the use of collaborative modes of learning. (Tudor 2001: 79)An analytical view of learning posits that according explicit attention to the regularities of language and language use can play a positive role in learning. Each language manifests a number of structural regularities in areas such as grammar, lexis and phonology, and also with respect to the ways in which these elements are combined to communicate messages. The question, therefore, is not whether languages have structural regularities or not, but whether and in which way explicit attention to such regularities can facilitate the learning of the language. An analytical approach to learning rests on a more or less marked degree of part practice, i. e. , isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning, even if its ultimate goal remains the development of learners' ability to put these parts together for integrated, holistic use. At least, two main considerations lend support to an analytical approach to learning. First, in terms of learning in general , the isolation and practice of sub-parts of a target skill is a fairly common phenomenon. ... Second, explicit identification of regularities in a language has advantages which Johnson (1996: 83) refers to as 'generativity' and ' economy'. Mastering a regularity in a language gives learners access to the generative potential of this regularity in new circumstances. ... Explicit presentation or discovery of the structural regularities of a language can therefore represent a short-cut to mastery of this language and support learners' ability to manipulate these regularities for communicative purposes. (Tudor 2001: 86-7)1. What are the differences between experiential and analytical modes of language learning?2. What serves as the theoretical foundation for the experiential mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?3. What serves as the theoretical foundation for the analytical mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?4. How would you balance the two modes of learning in your teaching or learning of a foreign language?

问答题High-speed electronic communications media，such as electronic mail，telephone and television，tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication． To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? You should write at least 250 words． You should use your own ideas，knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence．

问答题critical period hypothesis

问答题电子计算机的发明使人类生活的各方面发生了很大变化。

问答题56. When you are in the business of sending spacecraft to other planets, it is probably wise to do everything you can m keep your space-probes sterile (无菌的). NASA, America's space agency, certainly does so. After all, you would not want hugs from one planet to contaminate another where they might possibly thrive. But according to Curt Mileikowsky, of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, this may already have happened naturally billions of years ago when the solar sys- tem was young. For Dr Mileikowsky has taken a century-old idea called panspermia (有生源说), and shown that it is plausible. 57. Panspermia is the theory that life does not start independently on each planet that has it (assuming that other planets do). Rather, it hops from place to place, "infecting" new worlds as it goes. Supported by experts in biology, geology and celestial mechanics, Dr Mileikowsky argued to the American Astronomical Society meeting in Atlanta that this is not as outlandish as it sounds. 58. Bungling (笨手笨脚) space organizations apart, the only mode of travel open to microbes seems to be meteorites (流星). Most of these are small bits of junk from the asteroid (小行星) belt that have gone off course. But some are rocks that have been flung into space from the surfaces of planets as a result of those planets having been struck by even larger bits of rock--decent-sized asteroids or comets. 59. If there is life on such a planet, microscopic forms of it will probably live deep in- side rocks, as they do on earth. The acceleration of lift-off would not kill something that size. 60. If a rock is large enough, the heat generated as it is thrown clear will be negligible except at its surface--where, ii anything, melting may even produce an airtight skin to protect any microbes deeper down from the unpleasant vacuum of space.

问答题Which of Emerson"s works is called "America"s Intellectual Declaration of Independence"?

问答题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a company to apply for a position of sales representative. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese: (1)申请营销专员职位； (2)说明自己的专业、经历及优势； (3)请求面谈。

问答题她很调皮，但对她的恶作剧我们还是会发笑。

问答题Fast Food You are to write in three paragraphs according to the topic sentences of each paragraph given below. 1. Fast food is very popular nowadays. 2. People like to buy fast food because it saves them time. 3. But fast food has less nutritive value than homemade dishes. You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

问答题transistor

问答题What is construal in cognitive linguistics? Please give examples to elaborate its different dimensions.

问答题aerodynamics

问答题email spam

问答题4. Your preference.

问答题Section B: Translate the following passage into English. 好的教师知道他们的职责不单是向学生灌输知识，他们深切体会到教学工作不只是授 课。好的教师运用对所教导的科目和热情和爱好，来激发学生的学习兴趣，并不是不断构想新方 法和吸纳新观点，来为每一堂课注入新的生命。最重要的是；好的教师能使每一名学生深信 自己事事都能胜任。他们绝对信任学生的能力，深信每一名孩子都有发挥的潜能成为心目中要 成为的人物。好的教师使学生具备自我肯定本身的能力，鼓励他们勇于追求梦想，并从旁引 导他们如何实现这些梦想

问答题1．人生来是平等的。 2．现实中存在男女不平等的现象。 3．如何改变这种现状？

问答题Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summer homes, European vacations, travel, BMW"s -- such items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit their dreams as easily and openly as they once could, lest they be thought of as pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar. For such people and many more perhaps not so outstanding, the proper action seems to be, "Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious." The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles, while its public defenders are few and ineffective. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and cultivated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its urges, but only that since it is no longer openly honored, it is therefore less often openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made devious.

问答题Directions: Three weeks ago you booked a two-week holiday to Sanya with Fly-by-Night Travel. You are not happy with the holiday -- the flight was delayed, the hotel was undesirable, and so on. Write a letter to Fly-by-Night Travel to complain about the holiday giving details about the problems. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)