单选题A uniformed maid, whom Nicole estimated to be ______ the same age as herself, emerged from the house and crossed the porch to greet her warmly in Spanish.

单选题If we had finished our work a little earlier, we ______ to the museum.

单选题Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ______.

单选题 Did your childs brain become smaller last summer?Probably not,according to a study byDr.Harris Cooper,professor at the University of Missouri-Columbia.The study found that when studentsreturn

单选题She leaned ______ the wall while she was speaking to her friend.A. toB. againstC. towardsD. for

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} It is possible that the weather of the world may be changing. Some scientists imagine that this could even mean the beginning of another ice age. The effects of such a change in weather on human population of the world would be frightening. Recent research suggests that the warming trend (倾向) of the past hundred years or so may be coming to an end. During the past ten years, scientists tell us that the temperature of the world has dropped a little. This would have effects on wind and rain in the weather picture. Scientists believe clouds may be an important factor (因素) in changing the amount of heat on the earth. Another possibility is that man's agriculture and industry ways may affect the natural weather.

单选题When I was a child I used ______ swimming in the lake. A. to going B. going C. to go D. go

单选题 Triumph of the City [A] 243 million Americans crowd together in the 3 percent of the country that is urban. 36 million people live in and around Tokyo, the most productive metropolitan area in the world. Twelve million people reside in central Mumbai. On a planet with vast amounts of space, all of humanity could fit in Texas—each of us with a personal townhouse, we choose cities. Although it has become cheaper to travel long distances, or to telecommute, more and more people are clustering closer and closer together in large metropolitan areas. Five million more people every month live in the cities of the developing world, and in 2011, more than half the world's population is urban. [B] Cities, the dense agglomerations (凝聚物) that dot the globe, have been engines of innovation since Plato and Socrates argued in an Athenian marketplace. The streets of Florence gave us the Renaissance, and the streets of Birmingham gave us the Industrial Revolution. The great prosperity of contemporary London and Tokyo comes from their ability to produce new thinking. Wandering these cities—whether down stone sidewalks or grid-cutting cross streets, around roundabouts or under freeways—is to study nothing less than human progress. [C] In the richer countries of the West, cities have survived the end of the industrial age and are now wealthier, healthier, and more tempting than ever. In the world's poorer places, cities are expanding enormously because urban density provides the clearest path from poverty to prosperity. Despite the technological breakthroughs that have caused the death of distance, it turns out that the world isn't flat; it's paved. [D] The city has triumphed. But as many of us know from personal experience, sometimes city roads are paved to hell. The city may win, but too often its citizens seem to lose. Every urban childhood is shaped by extraordinary people and experiences—some delicious, like the sense of power that comes from a preteen's first subway trip alone; some less so, like a first exposure to urban gunfire. For every Fifth Avenue, there's a Mumbai slum; for every Sorbonne, there's a D.C. high school guarded by metal detectors. [E] Indeed, for many Americans, the latter half of the twentieth century—the end of the industrial age—was an education not in urban splendor (辉煌) but in urban squalor (惨状). How well we learn from the lessons our cities teach us will determine whether our urban species will flourish in what can be a new golden age of the city. [F] My passion for the urban world was inspired by my metropolitan childhood; I've spent my life trying to understand cities. That quest has been rooted in economic theory and data, but it has also meandered (蜿蜒) through the histories of metropolitan areas and the everyday stories of those who live and work in them. I find studying cities so interesting because they pose fascinating, important, and often troubling questions. Why do the richest and poorest people in the world so often live side by side? How do once-mighty cities fall into disrepair? Why do so many artistic movements arise so quickly in particular cities at particular moments? Why do so many smart people enact so many foolish urban policies? [G] There's no better place to ponder these questions than what many consider to be the prototypical city—New York. Native New Yorkers, like myself, may occasionally have a slightly exaggerated view of their city's importance, but New York is still a model of urbanity and therefore an appropriate place to start our journey to cities across the world. Its story includes the past, present, and future of our urban centers, and provides a springboard for many of the themes that will emerge from the pages and places ahead. [H] If you stand on Forty-seventh Street and Fifth Avenue this Wednesday afternoon, you'll he surrounded by people. Some are rushing uptown for a meeting or downtown to grab a drink. Others are walking east to enter the Grand Central Terminal, which has more platforms than any other train station in the world. Some people may be trying to buy an engagement ring—after all, Forty-seventh Street is the nation's premier market for jewels. There will be visitors gazing upward—something New Yorkers never do—on their way from one landmark to another. If you imitate a tourist and look up, you'll see two great ridges of skyscrapers framing the valley that is Fifth Avenue. [I] Thirty years ago, New York City's future looked far less bright. Like almost every colder, older city. The city's subways and buses felt out of date in a world being rebuilt around the car. The city's port, once the glory of the Eastern seaboard, had sunk into irrelevance. Under the leadership of John Lindsay and Abe Beame, the city's government had come near default despite having some of the highest taxes in the nation. Not just Jerry Ford. but history itself seemed to be telling New York City to drop dead. [J] New York, or more properly New Amsterdam, was founded during an earlier era of globalization as a distant outpost of the Dutch West India Company. It was a trading village where a hodgepodge (大杂烩) of adventurers came to make fortunes swapping pearls for furs. Those Dutch settlers clustered together because proximity made it easier to exchange goods and ideas and because there was safety behind the town's protective wall (now Wall Street). [K] In the eighteenth century, New York passed Boston to become the English colonies' most important port; it specialized in shipping wheat and flour south to feed the sugar and tobacco colonies. During the first half of the nineteenth century, with business booming, New York's population grew from sixty thousand to eight hundred thousand, and the city became America's urban giants. That population explosion was partly due to changes in transportation technology. At the start of the nineteenth century, ships were generally small—three hundred tons was a normal size—and, like smaller airplanes today, ideal for point-to-point trips, like Liverpool to Charlestown or Boston to Glasgow. Between 1800 and 1850, improvements in technology and finance brought forth larger ships that could carry bigger loads at faster speeds and lower cost. [L] There was no percentage in having these huge ships traveling to every point along the American coast. Just like today's Boeing 747s, which land at major centers and transfer their passengers onto smaller planes that take them to their final destinations, the big ships came to one central bay and then transferred their goods to smaller vessels for delivery up and down the Eastern seaboard. New York was America's super port, with its central location, deep, protected harbor, and river access far into the inland. When America moved to a hub-and-spoke shipping system, New York became the natural hub.

单选题An interesting project called Blue Zones is recording the lifestyle secrets of the communities with the highest concentrations of [centenarians] in the world.The people in the five regions in Europe,

单选题A few years ago it was 21 to speak of a generation gap, a division between young people and their elders. Parents 22 that children did not show them proper respect and 23 , while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? 24 , the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many 25 argue that it is built into the fabric of our society. One important cause of the generation gap is the 26 when young people have to choose their own life-styles. In more 27 societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and 28 of, and often to continue the family 29 . In our society, young people often travel great distances for their educations, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents. In our upwardly mobile society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them. Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other. Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the 30 . In a traditional culture, elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete overnight.

单选题Theteacherdoesn'tallowhisstudents __________ ontheexam.

单选题 How Safe Is Your Cell Phone A. It takes a little extra work to get in touch with Andrea Boland. The Maine state representative answers e-mails and lists her business and home phone numbers on the Web. But unlike many politicians surgically attached to their BlackBerrys, she keeps her cell switched off unless she's expecting a call. And if she has her way, everyone in Maine—and perhaps, eventually, the rest of the U. S.—will similarly think twice before jabbering away on their mobiles. In March, Maine's legislature will begin debating a bill she submitted that would require manufacturers to put a warning label on every cell phone sold in the state declaring, 'This device emits electromagnetic radiation, exposure to which may cause brain cancer.' Her warning would continue, 'Users, especially children and pregnant women, should keep this device away from the head and body.' B. For those of you now eyeing your cell phones suspiciously, it's worth noting that both the National Cancer Institute and the World Health Organization say there isn't evidence to support the assertion that cell phones are a public-health threat. But a number of scientists are worried that there has been a dangerous rush to declare cell phones safe, using studies they feel are inadequate and too often weighted toward the wireless industry's interests. An analysis published by University of Washington neurologist Henry Lai determined that far more independent studies than industry-funded studies have found at least some type of biological effect from cell-phone exposure. C. Several countries—including Finland, Israel and France—have issued guidelines for cell-phone use. And San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom, who began researching the issue when his wife was expecting their first child, is hoping his city will adopt legislation that would have manufacturers print radiation information on cell-phone packaging and manuals and require retailers to display the data on the sales floor. With 270 million Americans and 4 billion people around the world using cell phones—and more signing up every day—a strong link between mobiles and cancer could have major public-health implications. As cell phones make and take calls, they emit low-level radio-frequency(RF) radiation. Stronger than FM radio signals, these RF waves are still a billionth the intensity of known carcinogenic radiation like X-rays. The wireless industry contends(主张) that RF radiation lacks the strength to alter molecules in the human body; the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) maximum for cell-phone-signal exposure is intended to prevent RF radiation from heating tissue to the point that cells are damaged. Cell-phone RF radiation's 'effect on the body, at least at this time, appears to be insufficient to produce genetic damage typically associated with developing cancer,' Dr. Robert Hoover, director of the National Cancer Institute's Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, testified at a 2008 congressional hearing. D. But the body of research is far from conclusive. In 1995, Lai Co-wrote a study showing that a single two-hour exposure of RF radiation—at levels considered safe by U. S. standards—produced the sort of genetic damage in rats' brain cells that can lead to cancer. Though subsequent researchers—often funded in part by the wireless industry—failed to replicate Lai's results, a 2004 European Union-funded study reported similar findings. E. Dariusz Leszczynski, a research professor at Finland's Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Helsinki, has done studies indicating that RF radiation may create a stress reaction in the cells that line blood vessels, leading to a dangerous breach in the blood-brain barrier. 'Mobile-phone radiation may be able to indirectly hurt cells, perhaps by interfering with their ability to repair normal DNA damage,' he says. 'Given the scientific uncertainty, it's premature to say the use of cell phones is safe.' F. If RF radiation increases the chances of developing brain cancer, it should show up in long-term studies of cell-phone users. But man epidemiological studies have found no clear connection, including a 200 Danish Cancer Society study of 421,000 cell-phone users, which led many in the media to conclude that mobiles are harmless. To date, 'peer-reviewed (同行评审)scientific evidence has overwhelmingly indicated that wireless devices do not pose a risk,' says John walls, a spokesman for CTIA, global wireless association. There are problems with many of these studies however. For starters, the Danish one—which reviewed the medical records of people who had signed up for cell phones from 1982 to 1995—didn't include all the business users, who were among the earliest adopter and most intensive users, because they were not billed directly. Also, the study looked only at tumors that were diagnosed by 2002—not long after daily use of cell phones became widespread. Brain cancers can take several decades to develop, so it might be many years before a measurable bump in cancer rates shows up. 'The latency period (潜伏期) we have is far too short,' says Dr. Siegal Sadetzki, a cancer researcher at Israel's Gertner Institute whose epidemiological studies have found some connections between cell-phone use and salivary-gland tumors. 'And today, people are using the phone much more heavily.' G. Sadetzki served as Israel's principal investigator in the Interphone study, which was conducted over the past several years by 13 countries, most of them European. The Interphone results initially were to be published in 2006, but the final report has been postponed repeatedly, and the study investigators are reportedly deeply divided. In the U.S., which isn't one of the Interphone countries, the National Toxicology Program is launching studies of the health effects of cell phones. But peer-reviewed results won't be available until at least 2014. H. That's a long time to wait for definitive data. The good news is that there are easy ways for those concerned about RF radiation to cut down on exposure. Using your cell phone's speaker or connecting a wired headset—while keeping the handset, away from your body—drastically reduces RF exposure. (Bluetooth headsets help too, but they still emit some radiation) And given the potentially more serious risks for children, who have thinner skulls than adults, parents might want to wait before handing teens their first phone—or at least ensure they use it mostly for texting. Meanwhile, a start-up, Pong Research, is selling cell-phone cases that significantly reduce radiation exposure by channeling waves away from the head. Says Alfred Wong, Pong's chief scientist and a professor emeritus of physics at UCLA: 'I think it's best to avoid as much of the risk as possible until the verdict(结论) is in.' I. That's exactly what Boland and other advocates of warning labels are arguing. It's true that cell-phone use has yet to be linked to cancer risk. 'Scientifically speaking, we don't have the proof yet,' says Sadetzki. 'But as a public-health concern, I'm saying we definitely should adopt precautions.'

单选题Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top flight staff, travel, and television commercials.

单选题On its last flight to the moon in 1972, the Apollo spacecraft ______ with a record lunar stay of seventy-five hours, which aroused worldwide excitement.

单选题Wang Qing did not come to the meeting; he ______ the notice on the blackboard since we saw it on our way to the dining-hall.

单选题British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the {{U}}electorate{{/U}} that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U. N. sanction.

单选题The Nobel Prizes are awards that are given each year for special things that people or groups ofpeople have achieved. They are awarded in six 21__________ : physics, chemistry, medicine, literature,pe