问答题At a time when Wall Street firms are being punished for misleading investors about dot-com stocks during the bubble, it' s all too easy to confuse financial excitement with technological reality. Many people are quick to dismiss any talk of an "Internet revolution" as so such' 90s chatter. (47) There is a world of difference between crazy evaluations and serious technology, between Internet stocks and the Net itself. While investors have been complaining about their fate, chief executives have been busy embracing the Net. It' s time to get over the bubble talk and get real about technology' s promise. Or risk falling behind. The strong upturn in profits last quarter during a period of weak economic growth is proof to the productivity—enhancing power of the Net. Through boom, bust and recovery, annual productivity growth has powered along at around 2.5%. Without it, companies would have been forced to cut payrolls even further during the worst days of the decline. With it, companies are generating higher profits without big gains in revenues. As the economy picks up steam, productivity will likely boost profits even further. Despite usual wisdom, electronic business has exceeded even the dreamy projections of 1999. Business-to-business commerce conducted online will reach $ 2.6 trillion in 2003. And many surviving dot-com companies are doing surprisingly well. (48) Some 40% of publicly held Net companies, including Amazon. com Inc. , were profitable in the fourth quarter of 2002, and half are expected to be profitable by the end of this year. True, there has been vicious disaster in the field. Venture capitalists poured $100 billion into more than 6,000 Net startups over the past decade, and 2,000 disappeared. Many ideas, some crazy and some not, failed. But eBay, Amazon. com, Yahoo!, Google, Expedia, and others are making money, thanks to a recovery in online advertising and they are changing the face of business. Just as the former IBM Chief Executive Louis V. Gerstner and others predicted, mainstream Corporate America is turning out to be the chief beneficiary of the Internet. Using it, companies are streamlining production, inventory, and sales; cutting costs; and tracking their customers. It apparently takes four to six years after first installing new systems before productivity gains are maximized. (49) Most companies are in their third or fourth year, which may explain why productivity growth has been rising consistently during the downturn, instead of dropping as it usually does in a fall. It may also mean that productivity and profits may be stronger than expected in the second half of 2003 and in 2004. The US economy has had bad luck for three years. The bubble, terrorism, corporate fraud, war, and now SARS. Yet it has weathered these mostly unexpected shocks rather well. Smart financial and economic policy has helped. (50)But the real key has been Internet technology, which provided the flexibility and productivity to adjust quickly without drastic cuts. Think what the Net will do for the economy when we get back to normal.

问答题Read the following sentences carefully and write a composition of 250-300 words according to the requirement. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, e-mail, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

问答题Without doubt, the international relations appear at times bewildering. Students may at time feel that their efforts to understand the complexities of the international system today are futile. The task is a difficult one, but it is not futile. It requires patience and persistence as well as logical inquiry and flexible perspectives. (1) {{U}}As the examples just given often illustrate, contemporary international events are regularly interrelated; our task of achieving understanding is therefore further complicated because seemingly unrelated events in different areas of the world may over a period of time combine to affect still other regions of the globe.{{/U}} Events are demonstrably interdependent, and as we improve our ability to understand the causes of and reasons behind this interdependence, we will improve our ability to understand contemporary international relations. How can our task best be approached? Throughout history, analysts of international relations have differed in their approaches to improving understanding in their field. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, for example, the study of international relations centered around diplomatic history. Who did what to whom at a particular time and place were the main features of the method of diplomatic history. This methodology concentrated on nation-states as the main actors in international relations and included the study of the major diplomats and ministers of the period. Detailed accuracy was required and obtained, but seldom were causal connections or comprehensive analyses sought. (2) {{U}}As a means for understanding a particular series of events, diplomatic history was (and is) excellent; as a means for understanding broader sweeps of international relations or for developing a theoretical basis for the study of international relations, diplomatic history was (and is) of limited utility.{{/U}} Whereas diplomatic history sought to explain a particular series of events, other methodologies were developed during the 19th and early 20th centuries that viewed international relations on a global scale. (3) {{U}}Strategic and geopolitical analyses, methodologies in wide use even today, trace their roots to concepts developed by the U. S. Admiral Alfred Mahan during the late 19th century and British geographer Sir Halford Mackinder during the early 20th century.{{/U}} To Mahan the world's ocean were its highways, and whoever controlled its highways could control the course of international relations. Mahan bases most of his analysis on Great Britain and its Royal Navy. Partly because of the urgings of Mahan, the United States strengthened its fleet during the late 19th century and actively sought and acquired territorial possessions in the Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii, Samoa, Guam, and the Philippines.

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问答题 The sound of the snakehead is soft and tempting and perfectly pitched to the ears of young Chinese who dream of a better life. 46.{{U}} "One need never go wanting for anything in America," the snakehead says. "Color televisions. Shiny cars, Dollars by the millions. All is there, just waiting to be claimed."{{/U}} {{U}}If the countless numbers of young Chinese who this moment are plotting their escape to America knew that the Land of Milk and Honey has proved sour for thousands of their people, they would not be so eager to make the risky journey{{/U}}. Since the first boatload of illegal Chinese aliens was seized by U. S. officials in 1991, some 50 Chinese crime groups have smuggled tens of thousands of Chinese into the U.S. each year. The routes vary, some by sea, others by air or by steady. In the southern coastal province of Fnjian, home goes up to about 80% of these immigrants. 47. {{U}}Families band together to raise the funds, thinking they are making a down payment not only on a loved one's future but their own as well.{{/U}} For their effort they often bankrupt their savings only to sell the loved one into slavery. Those who wish to try their tuck abroad are encouraged by the snakeheads who then link them with underground networks. 48. {{U}}Most of the arrangements are done by international crime Syndicates, which cut deals with desperate families, then draw up the escape plan, obtain the forged documents and furnish the transportation.{{/U}} Some observers say as many as 20 human smuggling Syndicates may operatein Fujian. These organized rings influence officials unfairly, change stolen passports, forge visas, keep safe houses and charter boats to pull off their daring operations. But falling into the hands of the gangs is a terrifying thing. Immigrants may face severe punishment if they fail to satisfy the demands of their contracts. 49. {{U}}That, perhaps, explains the desperation of the Chinese illegals who sweat it out in restaurants, garment factories and dry-cleaning establishments for as little as $ 2 an hour{{/U}}. One garment clothes making district employee, for ex- ample, who worked 36 hours straight, was deprived of pay for taking a one hour nap. Non-payment of wages is widespread. "They are slaves, pure and simple," says a U. S. immigration official. "Many end up in bondage like slaves, forced to become gang enforcers or drug carriers."

问答题Spain's government is now championing a cause called "right to be forgotten". (46) It has ordered Google to stop indexing information about 90 citizens who filed formal complaints with its Data Protection Agency. All 90 people wanted information deleted from the Web. Among them was a victim of domestic violence who discovered that her address could easily be found through Google. Another, well into middle age now, thought it was unfair that a few computer key strokes could unearth an account of her arrest in her college days. (47) They might not have received much of a hearing in the United States, where Google is based and where courts have consistently found that the right to publish the truth about someone's past supersedes any right to privacy. But here, as elsewhere in Europe, an idea has taken hold —individuals should have a "right to be forgotten" on the Web. (48) In fact, the phrase "right to be forgotten" is being used to cover a batch of issues, ranging from those in the Spanish case to the behavior of companies seeking to make money from private information that can be collected on the Web. (49) Spain's Data Protection Agency believes that search engines have altered the process by which most data ends up forgotten—and therefore adjustments need to be made. The deputy director of the agency, Jesfús Rubí, pointed to the official government gazette(公报), which used to publish every weekday, including bankruptcy auctions, official pardons, and who passed the civil service exams. Usually 220 pages of fine print, it quickly ended up gathering dust on various backroom shelves. The information was still there, but not easily accessible. Then two years ago, the 350 yearold publication went online, making it possible for embarrassing information—no matter how old—to be obtained easily. The publisher of the government publication, Fernando Pérez, said it was meant to foster transparency. Lists of scholarship winners, for instance, make it hard for the government officials to steer all the money to their own children. "But maybe, " he said, "there is information that has a life cycle and only has value for a certain time. " Many Europeans are broadly uncomfortable with the way personal information is found by search engines and used for commerce. When ads pop up on one's screen, clearly linked to subjects that are of interest to him, one may find it Orwellian. A recent poll conducted by the European Union found that most Europeans agree. Three out of four said they were worried about how Internet companies used their information and wanted the right to delete personal data at any time. Ninety percent wanted the European Union to take action on the right to be forgotten. (50) Experts say that Google and other search engines see some of these court cases as an assault on a principle of law already established—that search engines are essentially not responsible for the information they corral from the Web, and hope the Spanish court agrees. The companies believe if there are privacy issues, the complainants should address those who posted the material on the Web. But some experts in Europe believe that search engines should probably be reined in. "They are the ones that are spreading the word. Without them no one would find these things. /

问答题Annual Payroll of a U.S. Ins Blank Number Wages Paid 　Manager 5 ＄100,000 　Supervisor 25 ＄350,000 　Teller 500 ＄600,000 　Total 530 ＄1,060,000

问答题What is feared as failure in American society is, above all, aloneness. And aloneness is terrifying because it means that there is no one, no group, no approved cause to submit to. Even success often becomes impossible to bear when not socially approved or even known. This is perhaps why successful criminals often feel the need to confess, that is, to submit to the community' s judgment, represented in the person to whom the confession is made. They will confess even under circumstances where this will probably, if not certainly, endanger their previous success: proof I think, that aloneness is more intolerable than mere failure. For mere failure, provide it is found in company, can rather easily be borne; many ideologies have the function of making it possible for people to digest, the worst miseries and even death. Under the sway of the ideology, they do not feel the impact of their failure; they are in the grip of an authority, even if it lets them down. On the other hand, one who is alone lacks this solace which can make even failure comfortable.

问答题{{I}}China has the greatest population in the world and a large pool of research workers, yet it has not produced a single Nobel prize winner so far. What has caused this situation in your opinion?{{/I}}

问答题 One of the strangest aspects of the mechanical approach to life is the widespread lack of concern about the danger of total destruction by nuclear weapons; a possibility people are consciously aware of. The explanation, I believe, is that they are more proud of than frightened by the gadgets of mass destruction. (46){{U}} Also they are so frightened of their personal failure and humiliation that their anxiety about personal matters prevents them from feeling anxiety about the possibility that everybody and everything maybe destroyed. {{/U}}Perhaps total destruction is even more attractive than total insecurity and never ending personal anxiety. Am I suggesting that modern man is doomed and that we should return to the pre industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. (47) {{U}}I suggest transforming our Social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and the full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason--are the aims of all social arrangements. {{/U}}Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. To attain this goal we need to create a Renaissance of Enlightenment and of Humanism. It must be an Enlightenment, however, more radically realistic and critical than that of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It must be a Humanism that aims at the full development of the total man, not the gadget man, not the consumer man, not the organization man. The aim of a humanist society is the man who loves life, who has faith in life, who is productive and independent. (48){{U}} Such a transformation is possible if we recognize that our present way of life makes us sterile and eventually destroys the vitality necessary for survival{{/U}}. (49) {{U}}Whether such transformation is likely is another matter. But we will not be able to succeed unless we see the alternatives clearly and realize that the choice is still 'ours{{/U}}. Dissatisfaction with our way of life is the first step toward changing it. As to these changes, one thing is certain: They must take place in all spheres simultaneously--in the economic,, the social, the political and the spiritual. (50) {{U}}Change in only one sphere will lead into blind alleys, as did the purely political French Revolution and the purely economic Russian Revolution{{/U}}.

问答题Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Is It Advisable to Buy a House by Loan in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline: 1. Tile reasons why more and more people buy houses of their own by using bank loans. 2. Opponents' reasons for refusing to buy their houses by loan. 3. Why I bolster the purchase of a house by loan.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}You are going to give a send-off speech at a farewell party given in honor of Prof. Kerry Stubbs. In your speech, you would{{/I}} 1) indicate the purpose of the party 2) acknowledge what Mr. Stubbs has done 3) invite Mr. Stubbs to speak {{I}} You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points){{/I}}

问答题What are the three criteria linguists use to group allophones into phonemes?

问答题Read the following poem and write a short essay based on the following questions in about 100 words(8 points):The Song of the Old MotherBy W. B. Yeats(1865-1939)I rise in the dawn, and I kneel and blow Till the seed of the fire flicker and glow; And then I must scrub and bake and sweep Till stars are beginning to blink and peep; And the young lie long and dream in their bed Of the matching of ribbons for bosom and head, And their days go over in idleness.And they sigh if the wind but lift a tress: While I must work because I am old, And the seed of the fire gets feeble and cold. Questions:A. What must the old mother do?B. What do the young do while the mother works?C. What does the last line mean? How do you feel about the mother presented in the poem?

问答题 There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. (46) {{U}}It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive.{{/U}} Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) {{U}}Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.{{/U}} Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48) {{U}}While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not se easy as in dealing with adults.{{/U}} The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) {{U}}Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.{{/U}} If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young. (50) {{U}}We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.{{/U}} In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps adults loyal to their group.

问答题然而，退休后，社会安全福利只取代了一般人收入的约40％。而多数财政顾问认为，退休者将需要大约70％一80％工作时的收入，方能过上舒适的退休生活。

问答题Do body language and facial expression share or lack the distinctive properties of human language? Why or Why not?