问答题The Chinese presence in the colonies stirred many Australian anxieties. Australian colonists liked to think of themselves as British, but they began to see they were British in strange geo-political surroundings. They suspected Australia might be on a great Chinese flood plain. It was clearly well within reach of Chinese influence. California, another gold rush society, had also experienced a substantial influx of Chinese. The realization grew that Australia should not look just to Britain. It shared strategic interests with other white communities in the Pacific, especially with America. But the pacific was a contested ocean. From the 1880s, it was increasingly apparent that China and Japan were also nearby Pacific nations. 【T1】 The presence of so many Chinese intensified debate on the potential character of Australian society. Potent concerns had developed about civic values in gold rush communities, concerns aggravated by Australia's convict origins. Gold was a seductive, richly mythologized substance. Its discovery in the Australian colonies publicized their potential more than anything else had yet done. Gold attracted a young, cosmopolitan, ambitious, predominantly white male population, often imbued with advanced democratic views. Yet as David Goodman has shown, this influx stirred anxieties about the moral stability of these gold-seeking communities. A gold-obsessed society appeared a poor foundation for a stable cultured society. Many social commentators found the prospect that working men could gain sudden wealth in this way very disturbing. Would people still value achievements wrought by steady labour and industrious habits?What would happen to moral values?【T2】 There was another more disturbing thought. If Australia could produce only these rough, uncivilized communities, might it not lose the moral authority by which Australians, claiming the rights of a superior culture, sought exclusive access to the continent? Were Australians still worthy of their immense opportunities? Questions of tenure and entitlement were intensified by the dispossession of the Australian Aborigines. One of the main justifications used at that time for taking over Aboriginal land came from the belief that they were a primitive, nomadic people with no fixed settlements or habits of agriculture. It was thought that they did not value their land and had no capacity to develop it【T3】 One of the troubling paradoxes of gold seeking populations was that they also were a highly mobile wandering tribe, in some ways similar to the Aborigines they sought to displace. Anxieties about the continuity of white settlement in Australia intensified impulses to vilify Aborigines and to keep Asians out. The major question revolved around entitlement to the land.【T4】 In the blunt language of the late nineteenth century, if white had replaced black because black was not developing the continent, why should yellow not replace white on precisely the same grounds?If European communities in Australia were not seen to be civilized and productive, the case for sole tenure of Australia by whites might be seriously weakened.

问答题抚养他长大的叔叔现在住在伦敦。

问答题"The Effects of Television and Movies"

问答题Genius is something that is difficult to measure quantitatively since it is a unique quality, although most of us can recognize genius when we see it or hear it. 16 By contrast intelligence is possibly easier to quantify and like genius is a polymeric character that can be molded by the environment. Intelligence is a qualitative trait, which does have a genetic component, but it has a single dimension of expression. 17 There are several limitations in measuring intelligence by a linear scale ranging from dull to bright, since individuals differ greatly in their genotypes. Any number of gene combination may predispose an individual to musical genius, or to painting, or to designing computer programs, etc. The possession of any one of these abilities may or may not be associated with another. Moreover, the same genotype may be expressed in markedly different ways in markedly different environments. 18 For example, intelligence quotient test scores vary considerably with illness and disease, educational, social and economic levels even the skin color of the examiner conducting the IQ test may have a significant effect! There is also difficulty in deciding what intelligence should be applied to lean? Is it related to the enquiring mind or to motivation? Consequently comparisons between an IQ test given to a University student and to an Aborigine in Australia will give meaningless results, since the test is most unlikely to measure the same behavior. 19 Not only are the genotypes and the environments of these two individuals totally different, but their motivations for achievement in particular activities will be different. Indeed, as some articles, which the problems mentioned above show, people who believe they can estimate genetic and environmental contributions to differences in intelligence between races are statistically naive. 20 If some races or social groups in the human population can be inferior in intelligence, it opens up the possibility that some segregationists or politicians could bring in legislation or policies to suppress or even eliminate such races or groups in the population.

问答题近年来网络产业急速发展。据今年早期因特网信息中心的统计数据，中国的公共网络已覆盖400多个城市，上网电脑达820万台，经常上网者达2260万人，网址有33000个。估计两年以后，中国的网民人数将跃居全球第二，仅次于美国。然而，这个快速发展的产业出现了一些问题，其中大部分问题产生的原因是因为中国在准备不足的情况下飞速跃入了这个信息时代，遇到的问题涉及网络服务、网络信息、电子商务等。要想开发一个拥有13亿人口的市场，网络服务部门应改建服务，使普通用户能轻松上网，使上网的简便程度如同打开家用电器一般。(approximately 239 Chinese characters)

问答题What is one obvious presupposition of the speaker who says:

问答题Open-class words (浙江大学2007研)

问答题What are the qualities that Granny Weatherall has? In what way do such qualities help her live successfully?

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. Desertification in the arid United Statse is flagrant. Groundwater supplies beneath vast stretches of land are dropping precipitously. Whole river systems have dried up. Others are chocked with sediment washed from denuded land. 21. {{U}}Hundreds of thousands of acres of previously irrigated cropland have been abandoned to wind or weeds. Several million acres of natural grassland are eroding at unnaturally high rates as a result of cultivation or overgrazing. All told, about 225 million acres of land are undergoing severe desertification{{/U}}. 22. {{U}}Federal subsidies encourage the exploitation of arid land resources. Low-interest loans for irrigation and other water delivery systems encourage farmers, industry, and municipalities to mine groundwater. Federal disaster relief and commodity programs encourage arid-land farmers to plow up natural grassland to plant crops such as wheat and, especially cotton. Federal grazing fees that are well below the free market price encourage overgrazing of the commons{{/U}}. The market, too, provides powerful incentives to exploit arid land resources beyond their carrying capacity. 23. {{U}}When commodity prices are high relative to the farmer's or rancher's operating costs, the return on a production-enhancing investment is invaribly greater than the return on a conservation investment. And when commodity prices are relatively low, arid land ranchers and farmers often have to use all their available financial resources to stay solvent{{/U}}. 24. {{U}}If the United States is, as it appears, well on its way toward overdrawing the arid land resources, then the policy choice is simply to pay now for the appropriate remedies or pay far more later, when productive benefits from arid land resources have been both realized and largely terminated{{/U}}.

问答题audience rating

问答题A Passage to India

问答题Her school is in a poor neighborhood.

问答题Based on the passage given in the section "Reading Comprehension" above, you are required to summarize each passage within 40 – 50 words. Write the answers on your Answer Sheet.

问答题moral hazard

问答题Roman Holidays

问答题学生减负

问答题Custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. 【T1】 As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter, The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest. No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. 【T2】 John Dewev has said that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family. When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously, the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities. 【T3】 Every child that is born into his group will share them with him, and no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part. There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom. Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible. The study of custom can be profitable only after certain preliminary propositions have been accepted, and some of these propositions have been violently opposed. 【T4】 In the first place any scientific study requires that there be no preferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration. In all the less controversial fields like the study cacti or termites or the nature of nebulae, the necessary method of study is to group the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions. In this way we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say. It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization. 【T5】 Anthropology was by definition impossible as long as these distinctions between ourselves and the primitive, ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over people' minds. It was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication were we no longer set our own belief over against our neighbor's superstition. It was necessary to recognize that these institutions which are based on the same premises, let us say the supernatural, must be considered together, our own among the rest.

问答题Make a comment on Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare.