问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (46) {{U}}A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research; i.e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves.{{/U}} Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand. At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense: the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. 47) {{U}}Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.{{/U}} 48) {{U}}As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.{{/U}} The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. 49) {{U}}Owing to the large sums of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives.{{/U}} In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed (programmatic) research, One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations. 50) {{U}}In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.{{/U}} Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science--and not only pure science, but applied science as well. (409 words)

问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Tang" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题Morphology

问答题Take the case of public education alone. The principle difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionally fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when that age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school. We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. They will be little better off when it is over.

问答题根据下面的提示，以“It is high time we forbade setting off fireworks!”为题写篇短文。 1．燃放烟花爆竹是中国人庆祝春节的传统习俗。它给节日增添了喜庆的气氛。 2．但燃放烟花爆竹也带来很多不良影响。它容易引起火灾，很多人因燃放烟花爆竹而受伤，孩子眼睛炸瞎，手炸断等。它也造成空气、噪声污染。 3．希望政府能采取措施禁止燃放烟花爆竹。 注意： (1)内容应包括以上要点； (2)词数100左右； (3)参考词汇 燃放set off 烟花爆竹flreworks

问答题Directions: Write an essay (200-300 words) according to the topic given: Some people say that social change occurs more quickly in heterogeneous societies (where there is a mixture of different kinds of people) than in homogeneous ones ( where people are similar in many ways). Write an essay comparing the two kinds of societies and explain in which you think social changes is most likely to occur.

问答题Think of all the families of the murder victims. Think of their suffering. Think of their pain and agony. Support capital punishment—for their sake.

问答题1. you are ready for the application for the passport;2. the time for you to leave U. S. A.;3. the necessity for your visa. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Martin" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题learning strategies

问答题Directions: You are planning to ask your friend to join an outing. Express your idea clearly as follows: 1) details about what you are going to do; 2) when and where you will go out. You should write no less than 100 words and on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Linking-rinBritishRPThephenomenonoflinking-rinBritishRPisillustratedbythedatagivenbelow:Youarerequiredtodevelopananalysisintothephenomenonoflinking-r,basedonthedatagivenabove.Illustrateyouranalysiswiththewordsbarandbarring.(Hint:underlyingrepresentationandphonologicalrulesarerelevanttoyouranalysis.)

问答题Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.Describe the four population movements in the U. S.

问答题Illustrate the types of processes with regard to borrowing like loanword, loanblend, loanshift and loan translation and then group the following English words borrowed from the Chinese language according to the types of processes.(10 points)tea(茶)yuan(元)Paper Tiger(纸老虎)kung fu(功夫)lichi(荔枝)Cultural Revolution(文化大革命)cheongsam(旗袍)face(面子)Confucian(儒家的)kow tow(叩头)wok(镬)National People’s Congress(人民代表大会)

问答题American and Japanese researchers are developing a smart car that will help drivers avoid accidents by predicting when they are about to make a dangerous move. The smart car of the future will be able to tell if drivers are going to mm, change lanes, speed up, slow down or pass another car. If the driver's intended action could lead to an accident, the car will activate a warning system or override the move. (111) "By shifting the emphasis of car safety away from design of the vehicle itself and looking more toward the driver's behavior, the developers believe that they can start to build cars that adapt to suit people's needs," New Scientist magazine said. Alex Pentland of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology collaborated on the project with Andrew Lin who works for the Japanese carmaker Nissan. (112) Tests of their smart car using a driving simulator have shown that it is 95 percent accurate in predicting a driver's move 12 seconds in advance. (113) The system is based on driving behavior which the researchers say can be divided into chains of sub-actions which include preparatory moves. It monitors the driver's behavior patterns to predict the next move. "To make its predictions, Nissan's smart car uses a computer and sensors on the steering wheel, accelerator and brake to monitor a person's driving patterns. (114) A brief training session, in which the driver is asked to perform certain maneuvers, allows the system to calculate the probability of particular actions occurring in two-second time segments," the magazine said. Lin has also done work on tracking eye movement to predict driving behavior. (115) He said the smart car could be adapted to monitor eye movement which could give even earlier predictions of when a driver is about to make a wrong move.

问答题(1)春节来临，本是团圆之日，却有大批年轻人不愿回家过年； (2)人们不愿回家过年的原因； (3)如何解决这一问题。

问答题Write an essay of about 400 words to comment on the very short story below: Failed SAT. Lost scholarship. Invented rocket.

问答题Cooperative principle (北二外2010研；北京师范大学2003研)

问答题The person I met yesterday is my boss.