问答题BTOPIC/B Private cars are very popular now in China especially in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of owning a car in a big city.

问答题1)describethefollowingpictureandinterpretitsmeaning2)andpointoutitsimplicationsinourlife

问答题你是刘吉，工作是办公室职员，写封信给一位俱乐部的经理，内容包括： (1)最近很容易感到疲劳。工作十分紧张(如接待来访者、为总经理起草报告、归档各类文件)； (2)希望成为该俱乐部的一员，参加那里的活动； (3)你的嗜好和兴趣(如读书、唱歌、烹饪)； (4)希望他能给你提供更多的信息(如加入俱乐部的费用、俱乐部的一般活动时间和活动内容)。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Via eye and ear, words beyond numbering zip into the mind and flash a dizzy variety of meaning into the mysterious circuits of knowing. {{U}}{{U}} 1 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}A great many of them bring along not only their meanings but some extra freight—a load of judgment or bias that plays upon the emotions instead of lighting up the understanding{{/U}}. These words deserve careful handling-and minding. They are loaded. The trouble with loaded words is that they tend to short-circuit thought. While they may describe something, they simultaneously try to seduce the mind into accepting a prefabricated opinion about the something described. Every word hauls some basic cargo or else can be shrugged aside as vacant sound. {{U}}{{U}} 2 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Indeed, almost any word can, in some use, take on that extra baggage of bias or sentiment that makes for the truly manipulative word{{/U}}. Actually, it does not take much special skill to add emotional baggage to a word and almost any noun can be infused with skepticism and doubt through the use of the word "socalled". Many other words can be handily tilted by shortening, by prefixes and suffixes, by the reduction of formal to familiar forms. The use of emotional vocabularies is not invariably a dubious practice. In the first place, words do not always get loaded by evil design or even deliberately. In the second, that sort of language is not exploited only for mischievous ends. {{U}}{{U}} 3 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}The American principles feature words—liberty, equality— that, on top of their formal definitions, are verily packed with the sentiments that solidify U.S. society{{/U}}. The affectionate banalities of friendship and neighborliness facilitate the human ties that bind and support The moving vocabularies of patriotism and friendship are also subject to misuse, of course, but such derelictions are usually easy to recognize as hypocrisy. {{U}}{{U}} 4 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}The abuse and careless use of language have been going on for a long time, yet the risks of biased words to the easily-fooled must be greater today, in an epoch of propagandizing amplified by mass communications{{/U}}. In the two decades, the practice of fraud has, if anything, increased. {{U}}{{U}} 5 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}The appropriate response is not a hopeless effort to cleanse the world of seductive words; simple awareness of how frequently and variously they are loaded reduces the chances that one will fall out of touch with so-called reality{{/U}}.

问答题 1 Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age. With the rapid spread of the Internet since the early "90s, and the relentless technological innovations generated through it, the information era is truly upon us, profoundly influencing and changing not only our lifestyle, but also the way we work, do business, think and communicate with others. 2 The unprecedented success of the Valley is a testimony to the concerted international endeavors and contributions by people from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds, made possible by the favorable political, economic and intellectual climate prevailing, as well as the farsighted policies of the US government. Many countries have, or are in the process of creating, their own "Silicon Valley". So far, none has yet threatened the preeminence of the US prototype. What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity? There are several crucial factors. 3 First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professional and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions, like Stanford University, which continually nurtures would-be geniuses which the industry needs in order to move forward. Without these advantages, the Valley would be a different place. Secondly, it actively encourages, or even exalts, risk-taking. Hence, failure holds no terror and there is no stigma attached to a failed effort. On the contrary, they will try even harder next time round. Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph in entrepreneurship and technological breakthrough. A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists who willingly support promising start-ups with urgently needed initial capital to get them started. Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to eventual success. 4 Of equal importance, many bright young people and middle level professionals are keen to work for a new venture at substantially reduced remuneration, as it offers more scope for entrepreneurship and job satisfaction than the established companies. There is also a pride of achievement if their efforts contribute to its fruition. Intellectual challenges aside, it is a common practice for start-ups to offer generous share options to employees in order to attract the right talent into their folds. This is a powerful incentive to motivate the staff to do their utmost and to share in the company"s prosperity if it reaches its goal. Many regard this as the foundation of a successful enterprise. Those that have become high flyers, such as Netscape, Intel, Cisco and Yahoo, have turned many of their employees, including support staff like secretaries, into dot. corn millionaires overnight, often at the relatively young age of 20s or 30s. The Valiey"s professionals are among the most hardworking people anywhere. A 15hour day and 7-day week is not uncommon, especially during the start-up stage. They would give up social life, and curtail their family life too, in order to pursue the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. It is this single minded pursuit of excellence, supported by strong ethos of team work and esprit de corps, that sustain them until their mission is accomplished. Paper qualifications, though useful, is not a be all and end all. More weight is given to a candidate"s proven abilities and aptitude for the job. This is amply demonstrated by industry icons like Apple"s Jobs and Wozniak and Microsoft"s Gates, all college dropouts who might not have emerged in a qualification-conscious community. While racial prejudice no doubt still exists in the United States, albeit in a less degrading form as before, it is hardly discernible in the Valley. What counts most is one"s vision and track record, and not one"s nationality, skin color or creed. 5 This, together with its multiracial society, informal lifestyle and agreeable climate, lures foreigners to its shores. However, with the collapse of the US Nasdaq share index earlier this year resulting in the plunge in prices of technology shares listed on it and elsewhere, the hitherto valuable share options held by numerous paper dot. com millionaires have become virtually worthless in these changed circumstances. Those who could not take the heat, as it were, left their employment feeling disillusioned.

问答题Directions: Write a composition based on the picture. The title can be offered in your preference. Make sure that your writing follows the given OUTLINE:Outline:1. Brief description of the picture2. Comment on its themeYou should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题For this part, you are asked to write a composition of at least 150 words with the title "On Success" according to the following instruction. "When people succeed, it is because of hard work and luck has nothing to do with success." Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. All U. S. nuclear weapons production facilities are presently closed down, and if the various agreements are adhered to, those facilities will never be required except for one critical capability. All modern nuclear weapons use uranium (铀), plutonium (钚), and tritium (氚). Uranium and plutonium have very long half-lives, and there is large surplus of these materials. Tritium, however, has a relatively short half life of about 12.6 years, so about 5 percent of the amount on hand must be replaced each year to maintain the current inventory. (46) {{U}}Because of the large retirement of nuclear weapons by the United States in compliance with early agreements and national policy, tritium from retired weapons has been used to make up that lost through natural decay.{{/U}} (47) {{U}}However, in about 10 to 15 years, depending on future negotiations, the United States will need a guaranteed supply of tritium to maintain its stockpile at whatever level is agreed on.{{/U}} In anticipation of this future need to produce tritium, Defense Office Executive is pursuing two technologies. One uses a nuclear reactor that could also produce electricity whose sale would recover not only the capital cost of the reactor but also its annual operational cost. (48) {{U}}Unfortunately, the present Administration has a definite bias against nuclear power, so an alternative method is also being pursued even though it is agreed that it will cost twice as much as a reactor and use as much electricity as a reactor would produce.{{/U}} This technology uses an accelerator to produce high-energy protons that in turn produce neutrons. The main argument for the accelerator is that it produces no conventional nuclear wastes. (49) {{U}}Proponents readily admit that it will produce radioactive materials, but with a relatively short half-life compared with that of wastes from spent nuclear fuel.{{/U}} The fact that the accelerator will require the equivalent of a nuclear power plant to supply its electricity is ignored. (50) {{U}}Proponents also neglect to mention that about 22 percent of all electrical energy generated in the United States comes from nuclear power plants, so that 22 percent of the power used by the accelerator will generate conventional nuclear wastes, in addition to those the accelerator produces.{{/U}} There is an alternative to either the reactor or the accelerator, which is simply to buy the required tritium from Canada or Russia.

问答题Patent medicines are sold by frightening people.

问答题Directions: In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage. 全球气候变化与传染病 气候是传染病传播的重要影响因素之一，气象学家们预测到2100年，全球平均气温将上升20℃。气候变化将可能干扰地区的天气形式和生态平衡，从而造成对人体健康的多方面影响。在由气候变化产生的健康效应中，其中最重要的一个方面就是对传染病传播的影响。全球气候变化将直接或间接影响许多传染病(尤其是虫媒传染病譬如疟疾、血吸虫病、病毒性脑炎和登革热等)的传播过程。全球变暖还将使海平面和海表面温度上升，从而增加经水传播的疾病(例如霍乱和贝类水产品中毒)的发病率。 1．气候变化对虫媒传染病的影响 全球气候变化将影响虫媒传染病的传播，这些影响主要表现在改变虫媒的地区分布，增加虫媒繁殖速度与侵袭力和缩短病原体的外潜伏期。受气候变化影响较大的虫媒传染病包括疟疾、血吸虫病、登革热和其它虫媒病毒性疾病。 疟疾疟疾是全球流行最严重的虫媒传染病。气候因素(如温度和湿度)直接影响疟疾的传播，由于疟原虫一般在16℃以下难以存活，所以疟疾分布有地区性。温度可直接影响疟原虫的生长和蚊虫的生命周期。充沛的雨量有利于蚊虫的滋生，适宜的气候条件可加强蚊虫的侵袭力。计算机模型预测到2100年，世界人口受疟疾影响的比例将可能由现在的45%增至60%，即每年将新增病例5000万～8000万。 血吸虫病现场和实验资料表明，气温可影响血吸虫和钉螺的生长发育、繁殖和死亡，并可影响人群和疫水的接触情况。一般在低气温时(9℃以下)，血吸虫感染不会发生，但感染机率随气温升高而增加，气温在24℃～27℃时，血吸虫感染率可达最高。但气温过高时(39℃或以上)，可造成钉螺死亡，血吸虫感染率反而下降。此外，钉螺分布还受到降雨量的影响。最近据数学模型预测，到2050年，由气候变化而增加的血吸虫病例数可高达500万。 登革热和其它虫媒传染病全世界有五百多种虫媒病毒，其中一百多种可引起人类疾病，在适当情况下，虫媒病毒可引起相关疾病的爆发流行。受气候变化影响较大的虫媒病毒病包括登革热、病毒性脑炎和黄热病。 其它的一些虫媒传染病，譬如淋巴丝虫病和河盲病也可能受到气候变化的影响。 2．气候变化对水传播疾病的影响 气候变化(诸如气温升高，降雨量增加，更频繁的洪水，风暴和海平面上升等)和环境恶化(如在难民营里)可引起霍乱爆发流行。最近，霍乱流行的生态学观点越来越受到科学界的重视，即自然生态系统的失衡与霍乱大流行有关。现已知海洋浮游植物为霍乱(或副霍乱)弧菌提供了栖息场所。当海水温度上升或呈富营养化时(如沿海城市向海洋排污过多)，海洋浮游植物大量繁殖(如海藻泛滥造成“赤潮”)。这将有利于霍乱和其它疾病(如贝类海产品中毒)的爆发流行。 3．气候变化对其他传染病的影响 污染的食物能传播疾病，食物在其制作、储藏、运输和销售过程中均可能被污染。气候变化对以上污染过程可能造成影响，因此，全球趋暖将可能增加经食物传播疾病的发生。此外，其他一些传染病(如肾综合征出血热和钩虫病)的传播也可能受到气候变化的影响。 结论 传染病的模式和传播过程受到多因素的影响。不同传染病对气候变化的敏感程度是不一样的，为做好传染病的控制和预防工作，准确预测传染病的传播趋势极其重要。这需要建立新的，多学科合作的分析方法和积极发展传染病防治战略。加强流行病学监测有益于研究传染病的传播趋势，也有助于发展控制和预防疾病传播的公共卫生措施。全球气候变化，与其他正在改变的社会环境因素一起，已对传染病研究工作者提出新的挑战。

问答题Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayontheANSWESHEET.2011～2015年中国网络购物市场交易规模

问答题粗心大意会导致你们在实验中失败。

问答题TARGET

问答题江南水乡

问答题Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English(10 points)我给他写信，却总是石沉大海。

问答题 16 We are all now aware that some new scientific or technological advances, though useful, may have unpleasant side effects. More and more, the tendency is to expert caution before committing the world to something that may not be reversible. The trouble is, it"s not always easy to tell what the side effects will be. In 1846, a man called Sobrero produced the first nitroglycerine (硝化甘油). When heated, a drop of it exploded. The Italian chemist realized in horror its possible application to warfare and stopped his research at once. It didn"t help, of course. 17 Others followed his research and other high explosives were indeed being used in warfare by the close of the 19th century. Did that make high explosives entirely bad? In 1867, Alfred Nobel learned how to mix nitroglycerine with other substances to produce a safer-to-handle mixture he called "dynamite". With dynamite, earth could be moved at a rate far beyond that of pick and shovel. We can"t abandon industrialization, because our food supply depends on it. If everyone decided to grow food without chemical fertilizers or insecticides or machinery, it would mean that only one quarter of the world population could be fed. Can we abandon some of our industrial technology and hold onto the rest? That would be very difficult, since it all hangs together. We can save, conserve, cut out waste, but what we have we must keep. 18 The only solution, as always in the history of mankind, is to solve problems by still further advances in technology.

问答题Directions: You have bought a brand-new computer in a dealer's office. But much to your disappointment, it could not be normally operated when you got it back. Write a letter to the manager, 1) launching your complaints, 2) specifying its troubles, 3) and proposing solutions. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

问答题A Letter of Thanks Directions : For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write A Letter of Thanks to Professor Smith for his kind help during your study in the United States. Your letter should he in no less than 120 words.

问答题The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus

问答题BEC