结构推理 Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words). Children who are never, or seldom, spanked (打…的屁股)do better on some intelligence tests than children who are frequently smacked. Why? Maybe parents who do not spank their children spend more time talking to, and reasoning with them. "Some parents think this is a waste of time, but research shows such verbal parent-child interactions enhance the child's cognitive ability," says Murray Straus of the University of New Hampshire. His team studied more than 900 children aged 1 to 4 at the start of the trial in 1986. They were given tests of cognitive ability, which is the ability to learn and to recognize things, in 1986 and again in 1990. They then accounted for factors such as whether the father lived with the family, how many children there were in the family, how much time the mother spent with the child, ethnic group, birth weight, age and gender. They watched mothers with their children and questioned them about corporal punishment (体罚，肉刑). They found that the more the children were spanked or otherwise physically punished, the lower their scores on the test. The cognitive ability of the children who were not spanked in either of the two sample weeks increased while the cognitive ability of children who were frequently spanked decreased. "The children who were spanked didn't get dumber," Straus said. "What the study showed is that spanking is associated with falling behind the average rate of cognitive development, not an absolute decrease in cognitive ability." It seemed parents who did not hit their children reasoned more with them to control their behavior. They found the less corporal punishment mothers in this sample had used the more cognitive stimulation they provided to the child. There is a trend against slapping and spanking children in the United States, but studies show most parents still hit their children. Straus suggested there should be an awareness campaign. If parents knew the risk they were exposing their children to when they spank, he believed millions would stop. 1.What is the effect on children if they are frequently spanked? 2.Cognitive ability is the ability 3.How can children's cognitive ability be enhanced? 4.How long did Straus's study last? 5.Why do most parents still hit their children, though there is a trend against spanking children in the United States?

结构推理T. P. N. D.

结构推理空运单

结构推理licensing agreement

结构推理根据给出的短语，写出中文意思：interact with…

结构推理 Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words). Every year in many developing countries large areas of land that once produced food become completely unproductive. The hungry residents of these areas have to move or die. The problem is not caused by pollution; it is not the result of poisonous chemicals which contaminate the land. Pollution is not the only way to destroy the environment. It can be destroyed by humans who disturb the ecological balance of an area in other ways. In any area there is a balance in nature. Each part of the natural system depends on other parts. If one part is disturbed, then the balance of the system is disturbed and other parts begin to suffer. This is the problem that is now threatening the lives of many people in many countries, for example, in Nepal. A number of years ago, the population of Nepal began to increase, especially among the people who lived in the small farms in the mountains. More food and fuel were necessary for the larger number of people, so the farmers in the mountains bought more animals. For fuel and animal food, they cut down more and more of the trees and plants which grew on the sides of the mountains. The farmers did not know that these plants and trees served a very important purpose. They protected the hills from the weather. They held the top soil in place and prevented it from being pushed down the mountain sides by wind and rain. Now without the protection of the trees and plants, the top soil is being washed away by heavy rain. The farmers are losing their land. More and more have to move to the lower areas of Nepal, which are already overpopulated and cannot support a large increase in population. To solve problems like this, it is important that people understand the consequences of their actions. It was not clear to the hill farmers of Nepal that they were to blame for the destruction of their own land. Today environmental scientists are teaching the farmers about ecology. They are also showing them ways to protect their land with new trees and plants. Problems which are similar to the problem in Nepal exist in many countries around the world, but they can be solved. Ecologists are proving to us that actions which give short-term solutions to problems can also have disastrous long-term consequences. If governments and others pay more attention to these scientists, then perhaps they will not make the same type of mistakes that were made in Nepal and in many other countries. 1.Large areas of land become completely unproductive because of 2.Farmers cut down more and more of the trees and plants for 3.More and more farmers have to move to the lower areas of Nepal because 4.The environmental scientists are teaching farmers about ecology in order to 5.What are ecologists proving to us?

结构推理In this passage, the writer used deaf and dumb places to mean the areas without telecommunications facilities.

结构推理 Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words). Many parents who welcome the idea of turning off the TV and spending more time with the family are still worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. They remember thinking up all sorts of things to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem different, less resourceful, somehow. When there’s nothing to do, these parents observe regretfully, their kids seem unable to come up with anything to do besides turning on the TV. One father, for example, says, “When I was a kid, we were always thinking up things to do, projects and games. We certainly never complained in an annoying way to our parents, ‘I have nothing to do!’” He compares this with his own children today: “They’re simply lazy. If someone doesn’t entertain them, they’ll happily sit there watching TV all day.” There is one word for this father’s disappointment: unfair. It is as if he were disappointed in them for not reading Greek though they have never studied the language. He deplores (哀叹) his children’s lack of inventiveness, as if the ability to play were something innate (天生的) that his children are missing. In fact, while the tendency to play is built into the human species, the actual ability to play―to imagine, to invent, to elaborate on reality in a playful way―and the ability to gain fulfillment from it, these are skills that have to be learned and developed. Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive. Sensing their parents’ disappointment, children come to believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration and respect. Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources, to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things on their own is, on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and interesting people. 1.According to many parents, without TV, their children would like them to 2.Many parents think that, instead of watching a lot of TV programs, their children should 3.The father often blames his children for not being able to entertain themselves. This is unfair because they 4.When parents show constant disappointment in their children, the destructive effect is that the children will 5.Developing children’s self-confidence helps bring them up to be

结构推理When he started the company, he thought hed be able to cruise alongside the top businesses in the market, but he is disappointed because he hasnt yet succeeded.

结构推理根据给出的中文意思，写出短语：输入端口

结构推理根据给出的中文意思，写出单词：vi. 发生，出现

结构推理我们很高兴得知以我方为受益人的信用证将立即开出。然而我们想提请你方注意，为了避免随后的传真修改，有关信用证的规定应该同我方的售货确认书严格一致。

结构推理Claims for incorrect material must be made within 60 days after arrival of the goods.

结构推理Search engine is a good way to manage Intranet information．

结构推理A. John Smith, said his boss, was lazy. B. John Smith said his boss was lazy.

结构推理3．对计算机编程有用的课程

结构推理The duration of the joint venture is 10 years,which begins on the date when the joint venture is issued the business license.

结构推理我希望挑战外贸部门的职位，有机会晋升到该部门的经理职务。

结构推理Chinas local dishes have their own typical characteristics,generally,Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines,which has been widely accepted around.

结构推理In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New, it is the writer, no the statesman, who is our strongest arm.