填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}You are going to read a text about stress, followed by a list of arguments. Choose the best argument from the list A--G for each numbered subheading (41--45). There are two extra arguments which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. {{B}}41. Two types of stress:{{/B}} There are basically two types of stress placed on human beings--physical and mental.{{B}}42. Effects of stress--physical or emotional:{{/B}} Whether physical or emotional in origin, stress causes the body to react in the same way.{{B}}43. Guilty--useful, though most harmful:{{/B}} Probably the most harmful of all the stresses is guilt.{{B}}44. Instances--no need to feel guilty:{{/B}} However, many of us as children learned rules that we no longer need.{{B}}No one is perfect:{{/B}} Guilt and the worry that often accompanies this major stress are difficult to eradicate, but people subject to excessive guilt feelings should realize, as simple as it sounds, that no one is perfect. People cannot always be cheerful and helpful to every one they meet. Another good lesson is that mistakes should be forgotten, not lingered over and brought out to examine periodically.{{B}}45. Life with a little stress--significant:{{/B}} A life without stress, such as retirement with nothing to do, would be boring.{{B}}Notes:{{/B}} respiration 呼吸。pupil 瞳孔。dilate 膨胀。perspiration 出汗，勤奋。date 约会。sour 使别扭。eradicate vt.消除，根除。at best 充其量。linger over 细细品味。meditation 深思，沉思，might as well 不妨。[A] Fat adults should no longer feel guilty about leaving a little food on the plate, a successful businessman need not feel guilty about spending a little too much money on a vacation, nor should he feel guilty that he can combine a business trip to the West Coast with some swimming and golf at an ocean resort. But many people do feel guilty over such apparently innocent actions. Excessive guilt can sour all of life and make life not worth living; it can also cause self-hatred as well as other fears and anxieties that cause all life's successes to be bittersweet, at best.[B] Stress from physical activity, if not carried too far, is actually beneficial. Exercise relaxes you and may help forget about mental and emotional stress. But mental stress is almost always bad for you. If mental stress is unrelieved l it can actually cause diseases such as ulcers, migraine headaches, heart problems, or mental illness.[C] Just as we need a little guilt--to keep us correct--and a little worry--to make us plan ahead--we need a little stress to stay interested in life. But when stress begins to bother you, you might as well change your routine. Take your mind off your worries with some physical activity; you may discover a solution you have overlooked before.[D] Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and iii health.[E] Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities, others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties.[F] In the first stage, your body prepares to meet the stress. The heartbeat and respiration rates increase, and the pupils of the eyes dilate; the blood sugar level increases, and the rate of perspiration speeds up, while digestion slows down as blood and muscular activity is diverted elsewhere. In the second stage, your body returns to normal and repairs any damage caused by the stressful situation. However, if stress continues, the body cannot repair itself, and the final stage, exhaustion, then begins. If this stage continues, if for example you are frustrated by your work and continue to be frustrated for a long time, physical or emotional damage will occur. These stages of stress reaction are always the same, whether the stress is caused by a cross-country run, a first date, buying a house, or narrowly missing an automobile accident.[G] This common emotion is useful to have when it helps us to realize that we have, in fact, committed some error, violated our own rules or social rules. If we did not feel guilty, we would never do anything except the things that brought us immediate pleasure--we'd never obey the law, work, exercise, or even study in school, unless we wanted to do so in the first place. As a person's conscience develops, guilt feelings become inevitable; guilt is the sorrow we experience when we know we have done something incorrect.

填空题The soldier would give in at no time because he loved his motherland so deeply.

填空题The president, ______ in Africa, met many important political leaders. (travel)

填空题To understand better the forces that control human aging and longevity, we have tried to determine whether the longer lifespan of females might be part of some grand Darwinian scheme. Gender differences in longevity have been (51) in other members of the animal kingdom: in fact, in almost all species that have been observed in the wild, females (52) to live longer than males. Female macaques live an (53) of eight years longer than males, for example, and female sperm whales outlive their male (54) by an average of 30 years. It seems that a species' lifespan is roughly correlated (55) the length of time that its young remain (56) on adults. We have come to believe that (57) a significant, long-term investment of energy is required to ensure the survival of offspring, evolution favors longevity—in (58) , female longevity. Indeed, we believe that the necessity for female (59) in the human reproductive cycle has (60) the length of the human lifespan. We start with the assumption (61) the longer a woman lives and the more slowly she ages, the (62) offspring she can produce and rear to adulthood. Long-lived women (63) have a selective advantage over women who die young. Long-lived men would (64) have an evolutionary advantage over their shorter-lived (65) .But primary studies suggest that men's (66) capacity is actually limited more by their access (67) females than by lifespan. Hence, the advantage of longevity for men would (68) be nearly as significant as it is for women. And because males historically are not as (69) in child care as females, in the not so distant evolutionary past the survival of a man's offspring depended not so (70) on how long he lived as on how long the children's mother lived.

填空题I applied for a job as a computer programmer in a local company，but I was ______．我向当地一家公司申请了一份计算机程序员的工作，但是被拒绝了。

填空题UNeedless to say/U, it is a new version of the old tale of innocents calling forth evil forces they cannot control.

填空题Frankly speaking, Id rather you (say) ______ nothing about it for the time being.

填空题We do not know yet whether he wants to extend his v______ for a short time to see friends, or become a student, or stay permanently.

填空题afterwards coordinate execute gang innocent intelligence issue raid suspect venture

填空题It is a shame that I ______ (earn) no more money than I did two years ago.

填空题His stories written in her later years were not interesting because of his ______ of imagination. (poor)

填空题Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the______it is associated with.（人大2007研)

填空题

填空题burn the candle at both ends

填空题Translate the following into Chinese．(北京师范大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语)It is essential for our apprentice to remember that, though he begins with the vilest hack-work—writing scoffing paragraphs, or advertising pamphlets, or free-lance snippets for the papers—that even in hack-work quality shows itself to those competent to judge:and he need not always subdue his gold to the lead in which he works. Moreover, conscience and intent are surprisingly true and sane. If he follows the suggestions of his own inward, he will generally be right. Moreover again, no one can help him as much as he can help himself. There is no job in the writing world that he cannot have if he really wants it. Writing about something he intimately knows is a sound principle. Hugh Wal-pole, that greatly gifted novelist taught school after leaving Cambridge, and very sensibly began by writing about school teaching. If you care to see how well he did it, read The Gods and Mr. Perrin. I would propose this test to the would-be writer:Does he feel, honestly, that he could write as convincingly about his own tract of life(whatever it may be)as Walpole wrote about that boy"s school? If so, he has a true vocation for literature.The first and most necessary equipment of any writer, be he reporter, advertising copy-man, poet, or historian, is swift, lively, accurate observation. And since consciousness is a rapid, shallow river which we can only rarely dam up deep enough to go swimming and take our ease, it is his positive need(unless he is a genius who can afford to let drift away much of his only source of gold)to keep a note-book handy for the sieving and skimming of this running stream. Samuel Butler has good advice on this topic. Of ideas, he says, you must throw salt on their tails, or they fly away and you never see their bright plumage again. Poems, stories, epigrams, all the happiest freaks of the mind, flit by on wings and at haphazard instants. They must be caught in the air...

填空题However, the Chinese had little or no contact with Europe at that time, so it is not clear whether or not the Europeans learned about printing from the Chinese.

填空题Directions: Read the following text and answer questions by deciding each of the statements after the text is True or False. Choose T if the statement is true or F if the statement is not true. A Tree Project Helps the Genes of Champions Live on As an eagle wheels overhead against a crystalline blue sky, Martin Flanagan walks toward a grove of towering cottonwood trees beside the Yellowstone River, which is the color of chocolate milk due to the spring rain. As Mr. Flanagan leaves the glaring sun of the prairie and enters the shady grove, his eyes search for specific tree. As he reaches a narrow-leaf cottonwood, a towering giant, he cranes his neck to look at the top, "This is the one I plan to nominate for state champion," he says, petting the bark with his hand. "It"s a beauty, isn"t it?" When Europeans first came to North America, one of the largest primeval forests in the world covered much of the continent. Experts say a squirrel could have traveled from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River without touching the ground. But only about 3 percent of America"s native old-growth forest remains, and many of the trees they hold are those that were not big enough to attract a logger"s eye. The result is a generation of trees that barely resemble the native forests that once covered the country. That makes some scientists suspect that the surviving forests have lost much of their genetic quality, the molecular muscle that made them dominate the landscape. When the loggers swept through, these scientists say, only poor specimens were left to reproduce. Other researchers wonder whether environmental factors or just plain luck may explain a good part of the supertrees" success. To answer those questions, the mightiest trees of their types, or genetically identical offspring, must be preserved for study, and that is what is being done by a handful of enthusiasts, including Mr. Flanagan and David Milarch, a nurseryman Copemish, Michigan. They are searching out the largest tree of each species and taking cuttings of new growth to make copies of genetic clones of the giants. With tissue culture and grafting, they have reproduced 52 of the 827 living giants and are planting the offspring in what they call "living libraries." More than 20,000 offspring have been planted. The work is part of the Champion Tree Project, which began in 1996 with financial help from the National Tree Trust, a nonprofit group in Washington. "Those big trees are the last links to the boreal forests," Mr. Milarch, president of the Champion Tree Project, said. State and federal agencies and private organizations have been keeping track of the largest trees in each state for some time. The largest effort is the National Register of Big Trees, run by American Forests, a 125-year-old nonprofit group based in Washington. But the Champion Tree Project takes things a step further by making it possible for the largest trees to live on. Eventually the Champion Tree Project hopes to reproduce enough genetically superior trees for a nationwide reforestation project. The offspring of the native trees, should they prove genetically superior, could be especially valuable in urban settings, where the average tree lives just 7 to 10 years. But things like soil conditions, moisture and other environmental factors can also affect the success of the trees.

填空题______ handful