填空题A Perpetual Motion Machine is a fascinating and long-discussed topic that moves well beyond the scope of physics. In short, a perpetual motion machine can be likened to a magic cow that continues to live and breathe and yet needs no sustenance. A perpetual motion engine installed in a ear would continue to run indefinitely but would need neither gas tank nor petrol. Of course, as a perpetual motion machine is in violation of natural laws, it will likely never move out of the realm of imagination and into reality. When the phrase "perpetual motion machine" is entered into Google"s search engine, 34,400 items are returned. Of these 34,400 items, the forty-first to the forty-fifth hold reasonable interest and will be further discussed herein. 41. Myths and legends Long before the advent of the steam engine, human beings have ruminated on the possibility of a perpetual motion machine. Throughout history, many have attempted to invent such a device, though none have thus far been successful. 42. Fame and glory Some people hold that any inventor attempting to create a perpetual motion machine must only be in it for credit and accolades, wishing to be the first in his field to discover the much-coveted secret. 43. Wealth and riches It is also suspected by some that those seeking to unlock the mystery of perpetual motion machine must be motivated by the monetary rewards. If such a device were to fall into popular use, the inventor would be a wealthy man indeed. 44. Antics and capers Even some of those who are aware of the impossibility of perpetual motion machine have invented something similar under the guise of perpetual motion machine in order to tease us. 45. Deception and trickery Some people, though fully aware that they are incapable of inventing a perpetual motion machine, persist in arguing that they can with the intention of scamming us. Though the perpetual motion machine is a dream long-sought after by the scientific community, it is improbable that it will ever be realized. We can, however, pour our resources into researching more practical energy conserving forms of power such as geothermal, hydroelectric, and solar power solutions. A. In ancient China there was an extremely adroit man by the name of Zhu Geliang. It is said that he constructed a wooden horse which could walk unaided and could be used in the transportation of military supplies. As no records of this occurrence have been found, this tale has passed into legend. B. Inventor F told me excitedly, "some complex details are currently under discus-sion to unearth the key to perpetual motion. If my experiment proves to be effectual, I will become a Nobel Prize winner. You know, the ceremony is held annually in Sweden and is broadcasted live to every corner of the globe." It is no great wonder that Inventor F espoused enthusiasm. A functional perpetual motion machine is a wonder that would be marveled at for generations to come. C. Inventor K declared, "the experiments with perpetual motion are on the verge of success. My products will soon be distributed throughout the world and used in a wide range of industrial applications. When that happens, my company will expand exponentially. I"ll make a fortune!" D. One of the closest things to a perpetual motion engine was the one installed on the Traveler 1 spacecraft, the first spaceship in human history to fly beyond the edges of our solar system. Though Traveler"s engine is able to run without maintenance for many years, it still requires energy—nuclear energy. So, strictly speaking, Traveler 1 does not run on a perpetual motion engine, but in fact needs energy as do all other machines. E. Mr. Goofy announced that he had effectively diagrammed the first perpetual motion machine. When a private corporate party purchased the patent, they found to their dismay that manufacturing it according to the design layout was technically infeasible. Furious, they sued Mr. Goofy for fraud, but even in the courtroom, Mr. Goofy would not be shamed. He simply retorted, "I"m just joking around." F. Tom, proudly proclaiming that he had invented a clock that ran on perpetual motion, and had it placed in the central square of his town. The clock, he said, would work perfectly despite a lack of springs in the internal mechanism. A scientist later ascertained the secret and revealed it to the townspeople: the clock had been cleverly devised to run on temperature differentials.

填空题Jack didnt see the museum steps, so he ______ (fall)down.

填空题Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet. The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations. But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food products such as McDonald's. They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking. "Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK's children's doctors. Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufactrues of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie 0liver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behavior. Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. " If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said. Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said. Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "if children are taught about the impact that food had on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front." He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open. A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this." The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade. 1. Andrew Lansley held that 2. Terence Stephenson agreed that 3. Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that 4. Dinesh Bhugra suggested that 5. A Department of Health spokesperson proposed that[A] "fat taxes" should be imposed on fast-food producers such as McDonald's.[B] The government should ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools.[C] "lecturing" was an effective way to improve school lunches in England.[D] cigarette-style warnings should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet[E] The producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life campaign.[F] parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.[G] the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.

填空题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection, usually once a week, your rubbish bags or the contents of your bin disappear into the bowels of a special lorry and are carted away to the local tip. To economists, this ceremony is peculiar, because in most places it is free. Yes, households pay for the service out of local taxes.{{U}} (71) {{/U}}Yet the marginal cost of rubbish disposal is not zero at all. The more people throw away, the more rubbish collectors and trucks are needed, and the more the local council has to pay in landfill and tipping fees. {{U}} (72) {{/U}}But as Don Fullerton and Thomas Kinnaman, two American economists, have found, this seemingly easy application of economic sense to an everyday problem has surprisingly intricate and sometimes disappointing results. In the past few years several American towns and cities have started charging households for generating rubbish. The commonest system is to sell stickers or tags which householders attach to rubbish bags or cans. Only bags with these labels are picked up in the weekly collection. In the paper published last year Fullerton and Kinnaman studied the effects of one such scheme, introduced in July 1992 in Charlottesville, Virginia, a town of about 40,000 people. Residents were charged 80 cents for each sticker. This may sound like the sensible use of market forces. In fact, the authors conclude, the scheme's benefits did not cover the cost of printing stickers, the sticker sellers' commissions, and the wages of the people running the scheme.{{U}} (73) {{/U}} This is inefficient: compacting is done better by machines at landfill sites than by individuals, however enthusiastically. The weight of rubbish collected in Charlottesville fell by a modest 14%. {{U}} (74) {{/U}}The one bright spot in all this seems to have been a 15% increase in the weight of materials recycled, suggesting that people chose to recycle free rather than pay to have their refuse carted away. But the fee may have little to do with the growth in recycling, as many citizens were already participating in Charlottesville's voluntary recycling scheme. {{U}} (75) {{/U}}To discourage dumping, for instance, local councils might have to spend more on catching litterers, or raise fines for littering, or cut the price of legitimate rubbish collection. A. True, the number of bags or cans collected did fall sharply, by 37% between May and September 1992. But rather than buy more tags, people simply crammed more garbage--about 40% more into each container. B. This looks like the most basic of economic misunderstandings: if rubbish disposal is free, people will produce too much rubbish. The obvious economic solution is to make households pay the marginal cost of disposing of their waste. That will give them an incentive to throw out less and recycle more. C. City authorities are now considering a project to teach Government waste collectors the skills, such as what rubbish to collect and how to classify it. If approved, the project will help ease the financial burden of the city's waste treatment. D. It would be foolish to generalize from this one case, but the moral is clear, economic incentives sometimes produce unforeseen responses. E. Less pleasing still, some people resorted to illegal dumping rather than pay to have their rubbish removed. This is hard to measure directly. But the authors, ob-serving that a few households in the sample stopped putting rubbish out, guess that illegal dumping may account for 30%-40% of the reduction in collected rubbish. F. But at the margin the price is zero: the family that fills four bins with rubbish each week pays no more than the elderly couple that fills one.

填空题A. I missed them too.B. When did you arrive at the club?C. Would Nancy and you like to come along with me?D. Thanks, just the same.E. When did you get home?F. I arrived at the airport this afternoon.G. I don't miss the children at all for they are too naughty.H. I can't help missing them. The interviewer greets an old friend, John Eggert. John is a consultant and must travel a great deal. Int: Hello, John. It's good to see you. (56) John: (57) . My wife picked me up. Int: I know the children must be glad to see you. John: Yes, (58) . I couldn't wait to come back home for the weekend. Int: There's a party at the Males' tomorrow night. (59) John: (60) . Nancy and I are planning a quiet weekend with the children. I have to be back in Washington in a few days. Int: Of course, l understan

填空题What is function-oriented DTS(descriptive translation studies)concerned with?

填空题Hospitals always make me feel ______，especially when I am the one who must see the doctor． 医院总是让我觉得不自在，特别是当我自己要看病的时候。

填空题The Conservative Party, currently undergoing a transition, sus______ losses throughout the country, its overall vote falling by 6/% compared with 1995.

填空题Hymes" theory of______was introduced into the field of language teaching, which encourages teacher to pay more attention to the question of how to train their students as active and successful language users in a real language context.

填空题You should check the air in the tires as you start on a long automobile trip. A. check B. tires C. as D. on

填空题throw in the towel

填空题The bell rang before ______． 我还没来得及把答案再看一遍，铃声就响了。

填空题Generally speaking

填空题Information stored in the computer can be transmitted via satellite to its users.

填空题______ is responsible for circumstances such as : the quantity of the goods is less than that stated in the relevant B/L;the goods have traces of damages under a clean B/L.

填空题Knock at the door ______ you enter.

填空题Half of the committee members were chosen ______ the women workers． 委员会的一半成员是从女职工中选出来的。

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填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are going to read a text about how to keep your job, followed by a list of important examples. Choose the best examples from the list A - F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra examples which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) As companies continue to cut costs, the days of frequent promotions are a distant memory. So are the days of endless opportunities to show off your skills. Layoff survivors, faced with fewer options are finding themselves in career purgatory--there's no way up and no way out. After talking to career coaches, managers, recruiters, and psychologists, Fortune put together eight tips to help workers break free from the inertia.{{B}}41. Avoid taking cover{{/B}} Don' t hide out behind your computer. "You should really work to increase or maintain the visibility that you have," says David Opton, founder and CEO of career management firm ExecuNet.{{B}} Build a circle of allies{{/B}} Fortify your current relationships and work on making new ones, both within and outside the office. "Allies will be helpful in terms of letting you know information, like if there's a job possibility that comes up," says Dee Soder, founder of the CEO Perspective Group. Who you know can make a big difference, especially in difficult times.{{B}}42. Load up on new tools{{/B}} This is the perfect time to acquire new expertise. (If the boss can't pay, do it on your own.){{B}}43. Look beyond your job description{{/B}} People don't get promotions just because they do their jobs well; they get promotions because they take initiative. Lauren Doliva, a partner at recruiting firm Heidrick identify your weaknesses and work on them; find better ways to harness your strengths. For nontangible skills--leadership, management, communication-coaches recommend hiring a coach. A client of Soder's was put into a new management role, but didn't feel like she had what it took to oversee a bigger team. She went out and hired a coach who helped her learn how to interact with top executives as well as how to run a bigger territory. She has since been promoted again. Taking responsibility for your own success is something everyone should do, regardless of external factors. Otherwise you're heading straight for burnout.{{B}}45. Adjust your attitude{{/B}} Don't panic. Even though the economy is in a recession, your career is not coming to an end. How you look at the situation will have a big impact on whether you stay stuck or move ahead. "One can choose to say there is no opportunity or one can choose to look for it," says Doliva. In fact, many coaches believe that being stuck is just a state of mind.[A] Let people know when you accomplish something or when you put in the extra effort to get a project done early. Without being cheesy, make sure that you're giving off the right vibes by keeping a positive attitude, avoiding emotional outbursts, and appearing calm and organized. And don' t forget to look the part. Many didn't get promotions because of their professional presence— grooming, clothes, and body language.[B] When someone brought up the VP of operations, who was the obvious candidate for the job, the CEO rejected him outright. "He said no because the VP only does what's expected," says Doliva. "The CEO didn't see him as someone who would take the risks and the time to do the job better." Now is not the time for complacency, even if you're not gunning for a spot in the executive suite. Coaches suggest that employees come in early, stay late, and take on extra projects. Little things can make a big difference.[C] Brush up on computer skills, audit a class, or get a certificate or degree in your field and when jobs do open up, you'll be ready.[D] "What you don't want to do is start getting depressed", adds Melissa Karz, founder of Kadima Coaching. "Be what you want to attract." It might be helpful to hunt for motivation in other places. "Now is the time to start taking a look at how fulfilling your life is-outside of work," says Lois Frankel, president of Corporate Coaching International. Find exciting activities to replenish yourself with and then bring that positive spirit into the office.[E] Amid all of the layoffs, you've managed to keep your job but the chances of moving up are slim to none. Nobody above you is going to leave now, and there's no money for special projects to prove yourself. You're stuck. Here's how to avoid fading into the woodwork[F] Speak up in meetings, join task forces, and volunteer for difficult projects that coworkers aren't willing to tackle.