填空题What is meant (51) the word "friend"? The dictionary (52) it as: ."one attached to (53) by affection or esteem". Americans use the word freely——that is , a friend may or may not be a person (54) whom there is a great attachment. A friend might be a casual acquaintance or an intimate companion. Friends may have known each other (55) child- hood or they mayhave recently met. It is difficult to formulate a precise (56) of this word as it is used in the United States, (57) it cover many types of relationships. "My friend and I went to the show last night." "My friends gave me the name of a good doctor." "My friend consoled me when I was depressed." We hear such daily references (58) the word "friend" without knowing the quality of the friendship referred to. It is common for Americans to have different "circles of friends" such (59) church friends, work friends, or sports friends. A person may choose not to involve members of different circles (60) the same activity. (One's friends from the office may never meet one's friends from the sports club. ) (61) such as "office mate" and "tennis partner" (62) the segregation of friends. The office mate is a friend in the office and the tennis partner is a friend (63) the courts. People have different types of friends: one may have many good friends and one best friend. "Best friends" are usually two people of the same sex who have known each other (64) a long period of time. People usually have more casual friends than close or best friends. Americans are geographically mobile and learn to (65) friendships easily and quickly. Approximately one (66) of every five American families moves every year. People relocate (67) they begin new jobs, (68) distant colleges, get married, have chidren or simply want a change in their lives. Perhaps as a consequence of this, people form and (69) friendships quickly. Students attending two or three universities during their undergraduate and graduate years may (70) their circles of friends several times.

填空题4．Self-employment can be one of the most fulfilling ways to earn a I ______, perhaps because it is the final and ultimate proof that you are a successful and independent woman.

填空题IC is the short form of immediate______used in the study of syntax. (北二外2003研)

填空题Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well.

填空题A. Think about how your attitude change will affect your life B. Look for a role model C. Be clear about your traits D. Identify and understand what you want to change E. Believe that you are able to change F. Get rid of the pessimistic friends G. Choose the right company "Our attitude toward life determines life"s attitude towards us." We"ve all heard about the power of our attitude, and that it"s our attitude that determines how much we succeed in life. If you look around you, you will see that people with a positive attitude enjoy life more and are generally happier and more successful than those who walk around grumpy and pessimistic. Our attitude is the driving force in our lives—it can either push you to do great things or pull you down to your demise. All the things that you have been through, all the people you have met and interacted with can have an impact on your attitude. If you think that all these factors have molded you into a person with a poor attitude towards life, there is no need to worry as there is always an opportunity for change. Let me share with you how I did it. 1 The first step towards change is clearly understanding what needs to be changed. Setting clear goals is the key to success in any endeavor. When it comes to changing your attitude, you need to do an honest and in-depth self-evaluation so you could point out exactly which of your traits need to be improved or totally changed. 2 We all need to know that what we"re trying to accomplish can in fact be achieved; that we can be more optimistic, more social or more patient. Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have, and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragement to move beyond your temporary failures in your journey towards becoming a better person. 3 To be able to overcome all the difficulties that lie ahead of you in your journey towards self betterment, you need to figure out exactly what this supposed change could bring to your life. Will changing your attitude mean a happier family or social life? Will a change in your attitude mean a more successful career or business? Fix your mind on the things that would come as a result of your attitude change and you will have a greater chance of reaching your goal. 4 As they say, "Bad company corrupts good character." You don"t expect yourself to be able to change if you go on surrounding yourself with people who possess all the negative traits that you want to change. Consider befriending new people, especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life. You will see that your effort to change will be easier with these kinds of people as friends. 5 Often, the greatest obstacle between us and our goals is ourselves or our inability to trust in what we are able to do. If you don"t believe in yourself or believe that you or your life can change, it just won"t happen—you will either never start, or give up quickly so you won"t have even given yourself the opportunity to succeed. It cannot be denied that a positive attitude is very important for living a successful and satisfying life, so it is only fight to strive to have a positive attitude.

填空题The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.

填空题A. YouTube APP Vanishes from iOS6 B. Economy Slumps in Italy and Germany C. Dormant Volcano Erupts after a Century D. IT Glitch Firm Agrees Rescue Deal 1 New Zealand. Mount Tongariro, one of three volcanoes in the centre of the North Island, became active just before midnight local time, with reports of loud explosions, spewing rocks and steam. No casualties or damage have been reported after the eruption. Mount Tongariro last erupted 115 years ago, and scientists said they did not yet know if this eruption was a single event or if it signaled the start of more activity. Experts said they were caught by surprise—they had recorded some seismic activity in recent weeks but were not expecting an eruption. A number of domestic flights on the North Island had been affected by the volcanic activity, Air New Zealand said. Police said highways that had been closed because visibility was affected after the eruption are now open. 2 California: The app for video clip service YouTube is missing from the next version of Apple"s iOS6 operating system. Apple said the app had been removed because its licence to produce the program had expired. The Apple-made version of the YouTube app has been a staple on the iPhone"s iOS since the device was first launched in 2007. The fourth test, or beta, version of iOS6 was released by Apple on 6 August. The final public version is expected to be ready in September prior to the rumoured launch of a new iPhone. Soon after the software was released many tech news sites noticed it lacked the YouTube app, even though the Apple-made version of this program has been available for years. Not all YouTube functions have disappeared from iOS6 beta, said Apple in its statement, as users can still play video by visiting YouTube with a web browser. They can also still upload films to YouTube from a phone or tablet. 3 New York: Knight Capital has been handed a lifeline after it agreed a $400m (257m) rescue deal with a group of Wall Street firms, enabling it to continue trading. An IT glitch on Wednesday caused its trading to go wrong, losing its $440m. Knight Capital is a major market-maker on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), creating a market for particular shares enabling investors to buy or sell. The rescuers include financial firms Blackstone and TD Ameritrade. Knight Capital has agreed to sell the consortium of investors convertible securities in exchange for the $ 400m cash injection. The company said that a faulty upgrade to its trading software had caused numerous erroneous trades to be sent. The software glitch is thought to have affected Knight"s trading algorithms, which are computer programs that automatically and speedily send out buy and sell orders based on market data and client requests. 4 PARIS: The Italian economy shrank again in the second quarter, official data showed Tuesday, and orders for German machinery declined sharply, a reminder that flagging growth continued to complicate European leaders" quest to restore confidence in the euro zone. Italy"s gross domestic product declined 0.7 percent in the April—June period, compared with the first three months of the year, according to the country"s official statistical agency, Istat. The economy shrank 2.5 percent in the second quarter a year earlier. In Berlin, the German Economy Ministry said industrial orders fell 1.7 percent in June from May, far more than the economists surveyed by Reuters and Bloomberg News had anticipated. Factories had 7.8 percent fewer orders than a year earlier. The Economy Ministry noted in a statement that domestic orders were weaker, "with the momentum coming from abroad."

填空题The best thing about these young employees is that they catch on very fast.

填空题Translate the following passage into English．(南京大学2009研，考试科目：基础英语) 《孙子兵法》是中国古代最伟大的军事理论著作，也是中国古籍在世界上影响最为广泛的著作之一。它所阐述的谋略思想和哲学思想，被广泛地运用于军事、政治、经济等各个领域。《孙子兵法》的作者孙武总结春秋时期的战争经验，揭示了一系列带有普遍性的军事规律，提出一套完整的军事理论体系。《孙子兵法》共十三篇，每篇一个主题。比如，《谋攻》篇讲述如何进攻敌国。孙武主张以尽可能小的代价，取得最大的成功，力求不战而胜。他指出：用兵的上策首先是以政治谋略取胜，其次使用外交手段，再次是使用武力，下策才是攻城。

填空题The new technique for growing rice will certainly ______ the increase of crop yields or a large scale.

填空题To head off competition, the telecommunications companies have i______ heavily in high technology.

填空题Although cosmetic surgery (and non-surgically cosmetic　　　　　 　　　　　(1)______ procedures, such as Botox injections) sometimes produce negative outcomes—media often highlights surgery "disasters"—　　　　　　　　　 　(2)______ in the most part, the health risk for cosmetic procedures　　　　　　　　　(3)______ is low and patient satisfaction is high. Often, people who have been hobbled by poor body image all of their life, walk away from　　　　　　　 (4)______ cosmetic surgery in confidence and the motivation to lead　　　　　　　　　(5)______ healthier lives. In addition, reconstructive surgery for burning　　　　　 (6)______ and accident victims or to those disfigured from disease restore　　　　　 (7)______ self-esteem and well-being in the way that other therapy cannot.　　　　　 (8)______ In my professional opinion, it is a time for members of the　　　　　　　　(9)______ medical community to examine the benefits and results of cosmetic surgery with prejudice and jealousy.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(10)______

填空题Some new words are composed of the first letters of a series of words and pronounced by saying each letter in them. This kind of words are called ______.

填空题Job Satisfaction and Personnel Mobility Europe, and indeed all the major industrialized nations, is currently going through a recession. This obviously has serious implications for companies and personnel who find themselves victims of the downturn. As Britain apparently eases out of recession, there are also potentially equally serious implications for the companies who survive, associated with the employment and recruitment market in general. During a recession, voluntary staff turnover is bound to fall sharply. Staff who have been with a company for some years will clearly not want to risk losing their accumulated redundancy rights. Furthermore, they will be unwilling to go to a new organization where they may well be joining on a "last in, first out" basis. Consequently, even if there is little or no job satisfaction in their current post, they are most likely to remain where they are, quietly sitting it out and waiting for things to improve. In Britain, this situation has been aggravated by the length and nature of the recession—as may also prove to be the case in the rest of Europe and beyond. In the past, companies used to take on staff at the lower levels and reward loyal employees with internal promotions. This opportunity for a lifetime career with one company is no longer available, owing to "downsizing" of companies, structural reorganizations and redundancy programs, all of which have affected middle management as much as the lower levels. This reduced promotion prospects within most companies. Whereas ambitious personnel had become used to regular promotion, they now find their progress is blocked. This situation is compounded by yet another factor. When staff at any level are taken on, it is usually from outside and promotion is increasingly through career moves between companies. Recession has created a new breed of bright young graduates, much more self-interested and cynical than in the past. They tend to be more wary, skeptical of what is on offer and consequently much tougher negotiators. Those who joined companies directly from education feel the effects most strongly and now feel uncertain and insecure in mid-life. In many cases, this has resulted in staff dissatisfaction. Moreover, management itself has contributed to this general ill-feeling and frustration. The caring image of the recent past has gone and the fear of redundancy is often used as the prime motivator. As a result of all these factors, when the recession eases and people find more confidence, there will be an explosion of employees seeking new opportunities to escape their current jobs. This will be led by younger, less-experienced employees and the hard-headed young graduates. "Headhunters" confirm that older staff are still cautious, having seen so many good companies "go to the wall", and are reluctant to jeopardize their redundancy entitlements. Past experience, however, suggests that, once triggered, the expansion in recruitment will be very rapid. 41．The "downsizing" of companies______ 42．Ambitious personnel______ 43．Today, new graduates______ 44．Long-serving personnel______ 45．Management policy______[A] feel uncertain and insecure[B] are more skeptical and less trusting[C] has affected all levels of personnel.[D] use fear as means of motivation[E] has often contribute to staff dissatisfaction[F] are more skeptical and more trusting[G] increasingly have to look elsewhere for promotion

填空题Do mobile phones cause explosions at petrol stations? That question has just been exhaustively answered by Adam Burgess, a researcher at the University of Kent, in England. Oddly, however, Dr Burgess is not a physicist, but a sociologist. For the concern rests not on scientific evidence of any danger, but is instead the result of sociological factors: it is an urban myth, supported and propagated by official sources, but no less a myth for that. Dr Burgess presented his findings this week at the annual conference of the British Sociological Association. Mobile phones started to become widespread in the late 1980s, when the oil industry was in the middle of a concerted safety drive, Dr Burgess notes. This was, in large part, a response to the Piper Alpha disaster in 1988, when 167 people died in an explosion on an oil platform off the Scottish coast. 41.______So nobody questioned the precautionary ban on the use of mobile phones at petrol stations. The worry was that an electrical spark might ignite explosive fumes. 42.______But it was too late. The myth had taken hold. One problem, says Dr Burgess, is that the number of petrol-station fires increased in the late 1990s, just as mobile phones were proliferating. Richard Coates, BP's fire-safety adviser, investigated many of the 243 such fires that occurred around the world between 1993 and 2004. He concluded that most were indeed caused by sparks igniting petrol vapour, but the sparks themselves were the result of static electricity, not electrical equipment. Most drivers will have experienced a mild electric shock when climbing out of their vehicles. It is caused by friction between driver and seat, with the result that both end up electrically charged. When the driver touches the metal frame of the vehicle, the result is sometimes a spark. 43.______ 44. ______ One e-mail contained fictitious examples of such explosions said to have happened in Indonesia and Australia. Another, supposedly sent out by Shell, found its way on to an internal website at Exxon, says Dr Burgess, where it was treated as authoritative by employees. Such memos generally explain static fires quite accurately, but mistakenly attribute them to mobile phones. Official denials, says Dr Burgess, simply inflame the suspicions of conspiracy theorists. 45. ______ Warning signs. abound in Britain, America, Canada and Australia. The city of Sao Paulo, in Brazil, iatroduced a ban last year, And, earner tins month, a member of Connecticut's. senate proposed making the use of mobile phones in petrol stations in that state punishable by a $ 250 fine.[A] The safety drive did not apply merely to offshore operations: employees at some British oil-company offices are now required to use handrails while walking up and downstairs, for example.[B] As a result, the company had to pay a huge amount of compensation to the families of the victims and law suits concerning those fires seemed to be endless.[C] A further complication was the rise of the internet, where hoax memos, many claiming to originate from oil companies, warned of the danger of using mobile phones in petrol stations.[D] This is particularly noticeable in Britain. The country that led the way in banning mobile phones at petrol stations is also the country that has taken the strongest line on the safety of mobile-phone use by children.[E] Despite the lack of evidence that mobile phones can cause explosions, bans remain in place around the world, though the rules vary widely.[F] By the late 1990s, however, phone makers--having conducted their own research— realized that there was no danger of phones causing explosions since they could not generate the required sparks.[G] This seems to have become more common as plastic car interiors, synthetic garments and rubber-soled shoes have proliferated.