填空题In the days when coal was so widely used, no one realized how soon and how complete oil would replace it . A. widely B. no one C. complete D. it

填空题Sales Assoc: Hi, are you being helped? Karen: No, I'm not. I'm interested in some scarves. Sales Assoc: (56) this one here? It's made of silk. Karen: Hm, it looks nice, but I'd like to have something warm for the winter. Sales Assoc: Maybe you would like a heavy wool scarf. (57) ? Karen: I think that's what I want. (58) ? Sales Assoc: It's seventy-five dollars plus tax. Karen: It's (59) . Is it possible to get a discount? Sales Assoc: Hm, since you like it so much, how about a 10 percent discount. That's the best I can offer. Karen: (60) . Could you wrap it up for me? Sales Assoc: Sure. Is there anything else I can get for you? Karen: No, that should be it. Thank you.

填空题Translate the following into English．(深圳大学2008研，考试科目：综合英语) 孟子日：“天时不如地利，地利不如人和。三里之城，七里之郭，环而攻之而不胜。夫环而攻之，必有得天时者矣；然而不胜者，是天时不如地利也。城非不高也，池非不深也，兵革非不坚利也，米粟非不多也；委而去之，是地利不如人和也。故曰：域民不以封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利。得道者多助，失道者寡助。寡助之至，亲戚畔之；多助之至，天下顺之。以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所畔；故君子有不战，战必胜矣。”

填空题Paraphrase the underlined idiomatic expressions in the following sentences.(10x1% = 10%) Bargaining is the order of the day .

填空题I don"t think even those who are in the swim can tell you about it.

填空题Its so calorie-dense that its very difficult for average people to burn off all the calories they consume in a day when sugar is a major com______ of their diet.

填空题Obviously 这位发言人想要强调的是 the impact of these findings rather than the process that led to these findings.

填空题Author____Title____ For no very intelligible reason, Mr. Lucas had hurried ahead of his party. He was perhaps reaching the age at which independence becomes valuable, because it is so soon to be lost.

填空题Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called p .

填空题7．If natural selection was to account ______ the evolution of mans higher faculties, as Darwin was convinced it could, then those faculties must have a material basis.

填空题Distributed Systems 分布系统 Computer systems are undergoing a revolution. From 1945, when the modern computer era began, until about 1985, computers were large and expensive. Even minicomputers normally cost tens of thousands of dollars each. As a result, most organizations had only a handful of computers, and for lack of a way to connect them, they operated independently from one another. Starting in the mid 1980s, however, two advances in technology began to change that situation. The first was the development of powerful microprocessors. Initially, these were 8 bit machines, but soon 16, 32, and even 64 bit CPUs became common. Many of these had the computing power of a decent-sized mainframe (i. e. large) computer, but for a fraction of the price. The amount of improvement that has occurred in computer technology in the past half century is truly staggering and totally unprecedented in other industries. From a machine that cost 10 million dollars and executed 1 instruction per second, we have come to machines that cost 1,000 dollars and execute 10 million instructions per second, a price/ performance gain of 1011. If cars had improved at this rate in the same time period, a Roll Royce would now cost 10 dollars and get a billion miles per gallon. (Unfortunately, it would probably also have a 200 page manual telling how to open the door.) The second development was the invention of high speed computer networks. The local area networks, or LANs, allow dozens, or even hundreds, of machines within a building to be connected in such a way that small amounts of information can be transferred between machines in a millisecond or so. Larger amounts of data can be moved between machines at rates of 10 to 100 million bits/sec and sometimes more. The wide area networks, or WANs, allow millions of machines all over the earth to be connected at speeds varying from 64Kbps (kilobits per second) to gigabits per second for some advanced experimental networks. The result of these technologies is that it is now not only feasible, but easy, to put together computing systems composed of large numbers of CPUs connected by a high speed network. They are usually called distributed systems, in contrast to the previous centralized systems (or single processor systems) consisting of a single CPU, its memory, peripherals, and some terminals. There is only one fly in the ointment[1]: software. Distributed systems need radically different software than centralized systems do. In particular, the necessary operating systems are only beginning to emerge. The first few steps have been taken, but there is still a long way to go. Nevertheless, enough is already known about these distributed operating systems that we can present the basic ideas. What Is a Distributed System? Various definitions of distributed systems have been given in literature, none of them satisfactory and none of them in agreement with any of the others. For our purposes it is sufficient to give a loose characterization. A distributed system is a collection of independent computers that appear to the users of the system as a single computer. This definition has two aspects. The first one deals with hardware: the machines are autonomous. The second one deals with software: the users think of the system as a single computer. Both are essential. Rather than going further with definitions, it is probably more helpful to give several examples of distributed systems. As a first example, consider a network of workstations in a university or company department. In addition to each users personal workstation, there might be a pool of processors in the machine room that are not assigned to specific users but are allocated dynamically as needed. Such a system might have a single file system, with all files accessible from all machines in the same way and using the same path name. Furthermore, when a user typed a command, the system could look for the best place to execute that command, possibly on the users own workstation, possibly on an idle workstation belonging to someone else, and possibly on one of the unassigned processors in the machine room. If the system as a whole looked and acted like a classical single processor timesharing system, it would qualify as a distributed system. As a second example, consider a factory full of robots, each containing a powerful computer for handling vision, planning, communication, and other tasks. When a robot on the assembly line notices that a part it is supposed to install is defective, it asks another robot in the parts department to bring it a replacement. If all the robots act like peripheral devices attached to the same central computer and the system can be programmed that way, it too counts as a distributed system. As a final example, think about a large bank with hundreds of branch offices all over the world. Each office has a master computer to store local accounts and handle local transactions. In addition, each computer has the ability to talk to all other branch computers and with a central computer at headquarters. If transactions can be done without regard to where a customer or account is, and the users do not notice any difference between this system and the old centralized mainframe that it replaced, it too would be considered a distributed system. Advantages of Distributed Systems over Centralized Systems The real driving force behind the trend toward decentralization is economics. A quarter of a century ago, computer pundit and gadfly Herb Grosch stated what later came to be known as Groschs law: the computing power of a CPU is proportional to the square of its price. By paying twice as much, you could get four times the performance. This observation fit the mainframe technology of its time quite well, and led most organizations to buy the largest single machine they could afford. With microprocessor technology, Groschs law no longer holds. For a few hundred dollars you can get a CPU chip that can execute more instructions per second than one of the largest 1980s mainframes. If you are willing to pay twice as much, you get the same CPU, but running at a somewhat higher clock speed. As a result, the most cost effective solution is frequently to harness a large number of cheap CPUs together in a system. Thus, the leading reason for the trend toward distributed systems is that these systems potentially have a much better price/performance ratio than a single large centralized system would have. In effect, a distributed system gives more bang for the buck[2]. A slight variation on this theme is the observation that a collection of microprocessors cannot only give a better price/performance ratio than a single mainframe, but may yield an absolute performance that no mainframe can achieve at any price. For example, with current technology it is possible to build a system from 10,000 modern CPU chips, each of which runs at 50 MIPS (Millions of Instructions Per Second), for a total performance of 500,000MIPS. For a single processor (i. e. CPU) to achieve this, it would have to execute an instruction in 0. 002 nsec (2 picosec). No existing machine even comes close to this, and both theoretical and engineering considerations make it unlikely that any machine ever will. Theoretically, Einsteins theory of relativity dictates that nothing can travel faster than light, which can cover only 0.6 mm in 2 picosec. Practically, a computer of that speed fully contained a 0.6 mm cube would generate so much heat that it would melt instantly. Thus, whether the goal is normal performance at low cost or extremely high performance at greater cost, distributed systems have much to offer. As an aside, some authors make a distinction between distributed systems, which are designed to allow many users to work together, and parallel systems, whose only goal is to achieve maximum speedup on a single problem, as our 500,000 MIPS machine might. We believe that this distinction is difficult to maintain because the design spectrum is really a continuum. We prefer to use the term distributed system in the broadest sense to denote any system in which multiple interconnected CPUs work together. A next reason for building a distributed system is that some applications are inherently distributed. A supermarket chain might have many stores, each of which gets goods delivered locally (possibly from local farms), makes local sales, and makes local decisions about which vegetables are so old or rotten that they must be thrown out. It therefore makes sense to keep track of inventory at each store on a local computer rather than centrally at corporate headquarters. After all, most queries and updates will be done locally. Nevertheless, from time to time, top management may want to find out how many rutabagas it currently owns. One way to accomplish this goal is to make the complete system look like a single computer to the application programs, but implement decentrally, with one computer per store as we have described. This would then be a commercial distributed system. Notes [1] There is only one fly in the ointment. 美中不足。 [2] gives more bang for the buck: buck，俚语，表示—美元。这句的意思是“小钱办大事”。

填空题You are so interested in this matter, but 我宁愿你对此一无所知.

填空题He tries to explain how this particular proposal squared ______ the governments purposes.

填空题______conquered England on October 14, 106From then on began the medieval period.

填空题Auctioneer Spot Goods Verification Title of Goods

填空题Tom: So, tell me about your family. Have you got any brothers or sisters? Barbara: Yeah. I've got three sisters (56) Tom: Three sisters. (57) ? Barbara: Well, the oldest is twenty-three. The second oldest is twenty-one, and the youngest is nineteen. Tom: And what do they do? Barbara: The oldest one has two children, and they keep her pretty busy. The second oldest, is in college like me. She (58) computer science. And the other one is still in high school. Tom: And what about your dad? (59) ? Barbara: Oh, he's a lawyer. Tom: Oh, really? And your mom? (60) , too? Barbara: Yeah, she's a journalist. She works for a travel magazine,

填空题He resumed his regular working hours ______ after he came out of hospital． 他出院不久就恢复了正常工作。

填空题 Column A Column B 1)Invention (a)boat+hotel → boatel 2)Blending (b)mathematics → math 3)Abbreviation (c)coke 4)Back-formation (d)CIA → Central Intelligence Agency 5)Acronym (e)tea, kung-fu 6)Broadening (f)cattle: domestic animals → animals of the species Bos Taurus 7)Narrowing (g)slay: slew → slayed 8)Class shift (h)engineer: a person trained in a branch of engineering → to actas an engineer 9)Analogical creation (i)bird: yound bird → any kind of bird 10)Borrowing (j) enthusiasm → enthuse

填空题The height of Thomas Hardy"s achievement as a novelist was reached in his last two novels both published in the 1890"s. The central figures in the two novels are(13)and(14)