填空题“This is a really exciting time — a new era is starting,” says Peter Bazalgette, the chief creative officer of Endemol. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. And he is far from alone in his enthusiasm. Already, many mobile operators offer a selection of television channels or individual shows, which are “streamed” across their third-generation (3G) networks. 41. ______. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”, “Desperate Housewives” and “Law ＆ Order”. 42. ______. For a start, nobody really knows if consumers will pay for it, though surveys suggest they like the idea. Informa, a consultancy, says there will be 125m mobile-TV users by 2010. But many other mobile technologies inspired high hopes and then failed to live up to expectations. And even if people do want TV on the move, there is further uncertainty in two areas: technology and business models. At the moment, mobile TV is mostly streamed over 3G networks. But sending an individual data stream to each viewer is inefficient and will be unsustainable in the long run if mobile TV takes off. 43. ______. 44. ______. That suggests that some shows (such as drama) better suit the download model, while others (such as live news, sports or reality shows) are better suited to real-time transmission. The two approaches will probably co-exist. Just as there are several competing mobile-TV technologies, there are also many possible business models. Mobile operators might choose to build their own mobile-TV broadcast networks; or they could form a consortium and build a shared network; or existing broadcasters could build such networks. The big question is whether the broadcasters and mobile operators can agree how to divide the spoils, assuming there are any. Broadcasters own the content, but mobile operators generally control the handsets, and they do not always see eye to eye. 45. Then there is the question of who will fund the production of mobile-TV content: broadcasters, operators or advertisers? Again, the answer is probably “all of the above”. [A] So the general consensus is that 3G streaming is a prelude to the construction of dedicated mobile-TV broadcast networks, which transmit digital TV signals on entirely different frequencies to those used for voice and data. There are three main standards: DVB-H, favoured in Europe; DMB, which has been adopted in South Korea and Japan; and MediaFLO, which is being rolled out in America. Watching TV using any of these technologies requires a TV-capable handset, of course. [B] In contrast, watching downloaded TV programmes on an iPod or other portable video player is already possible today. And unlike a programme streamed over 3G or broadcast via a dedicated mobile-TV network, shows stored on an iPod can be watched on. an underground train or in regions with patchy network coverage. [C] In South Korea, television is also sent to mobile phones via satellite and terrestrial broadcast networks, which is far more efficient than sending video across mobile networks. In Europe, the Italian arm of 3, a mobile operator, recently acquired Channel 7, a television channel, with a view to launching mobile-TV broadcasts in Italy in the second half of 2006. [D] Despite all this activity, however, the prospects for mobile TV are unclear. [E] Assuming the technology and the business models can be sorted out, there is still the tricky matter of content. [F] In South Korea, a consortium of broadcasters launched a free-to-air DMB network last month, but the country’s mobile operators were reluctant to provide their users with handsets able to receive the broadcasts, since they were unwilling to undermine the prospects for their own subscription-based mobile-TV services. [G] The potential for mobile TV is vast, in short — but so is the degree of uncertainty over how it should actually be put into practice.

填空题任何概念都有两个基本的逻辑特征， 即概念的外延和________

填空题按照辩证唯物主义认识论，思维就是_______，是人脑借助于语言材料，运用_______以作_______和_______的过程，它是对客观事物的_______、_______反映。

填空题Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true. The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41) The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century' s culture machine. But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42) I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing. All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods—paintings, sculpture and architecture—and superfluous experiences—music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43) For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44) Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on. (45) What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of"stickiness" — creations and experiences to which others adhere. [A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity. [B] Applications like tumblr.com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others. [C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day. [D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading —between passive consumption and active creation -- whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. [E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players. [F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium—television—and television is defined by downloading. [G] The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.

填空题 在概念外延间的“全同”、“真包含于”、“交叉”、“矛盾”关系中，属于反对称关系的是（ ）关系，属于反传递关系的是（ ）关系。

填空题所谓归谬法， 就是为了反驳某个判断， 首先假定它是真的， 然后由它推出荒谬的结论，最后根据________， 得出该判断是假的

填空题一个正确推理必须________和前提真实。

填空题“思维是人脑对客体的反映。”这一定义违反了_______的规则，犯了_______的逻辑错误。

填空题对_______概念不能进行限制和划分；对_______不能进行概括。

填空题逻辑学的性质主要体现在两个方面：一是具有_______，二是具有_______。

填空题若假言判断断言前件真后件必真、前件假后件必假，则该判断为________条件假言判断

填空题违反不矛盾律要求所犯的逻辑错误叫_______；违反排中律要求所犯的逻辑错误叫_______。

填空题根据前提和结论之间的逻辑联系， 可以把推理划分为必然性推理和________

填空题思维的任何一种逻辑形式都是由_______和_______两部分构成。其中_______起决定性作用，它决定着思维的逻辑形式的逻辑性质。

填空题从词项的外延关系上看，工人与共产党员是________关系

填空题假言联锁推理是由两个或两个以上的_______的假言命题作前提，推出一个新的假言命题作结论的推理。

填空题根据两个或两类事物在某些属性上相同或相似，而其中一个或一类事物还具有另外某些属性，由此推出另一个或一类事物也具有这些属性的推理方法叫做_______。

填空题命题是反映思维对象情况的_______。_______是命题的一个重要特征。

填空题完全归纳推理在前提真的情况下，结论_______。

填空题在“穆勒五法”中，除被研究现象外，其他相关情况完全相同的探求因果联系的逻辑方法有_______和_______。