填空题必要条件假言推理有肯定后件式和________。

填空题自身中不包含有其他判断的判断称为________判断

填空题与负判断并非(p 且非 q)等价的选言判断是________

填空题简单枚举法作为一种不完全归纳推理， 如果使用不当， 就会犯________的逻辑错误

填空题从概念的外延关系看，“战士”与“党员”具有_______关系；“陈述句”与“疑问句”具有____关系；“科学家”与“教师”具有____关系；“多数人的意见”和“正确的意见”具有_______关系。“毛泽东是伟大的革命家，伟大的军事家”，其中“伟大的革命家”和“伟大的军事家”在外延上具有_______关系。

填空题简单判断就是自身中________的判断。

填空题矛盾律的内容是： 在同一思维过程中， 两个互相否定的思想________

填空题性质判断按量分， 可以分为单称判断、 全称判断和________三种

填空题 规范三段论就是两前提中（ ）是规范命题的三段论。

填空题既肯定SAP，又肯定同素材的SEP，这就违反了逻辑上的________律。

填空题所谓模态命题就是含有_______的命题。从广义上讲，模态命题分为两大类：_______和_______。

填空题_______是反映若干对象情况共同存在的命题。它的基本特性在于对象情况的共存性。

填空题[A]ThestrainofHIVthatwasdiscoveredinSydneyintriguesscientistsbecauseitcontainsstrikingabnormalitiesinagenethatisbelievedtostimulateviralduplication.Infact,thevirusismissingsomuchofthisparticulargene-knownasnef,fornegativefactor--thatitishardtoimaginehowthegenecouldperformanyusefulfunction.Andsureenough,whiletheSydneyvirusretainstheabilitytoinfectTcells--whitebloodcellsthatarecriticaltotheimmunesystem'sabilitytowardoffinfection--itmakessofewcopiesofitselfthatthemostpowerfulmoleculartoolscanbarelydetectitspresence.[B]Ifthisspeculationprovesright,itwillmarkamilestoneinthebattletocontainthelate-20thcentury'smostterribleepidemic.ForinadditiontoexplainingwhythissmallgroupofpeopleinfectedwithHIVhasnotbecomesick,thediscoveryofaviralstrainthatworkslikeavaccinewouldhavefar-reachingimplications."Whattheseresultssuggest,"saysDr.BarneyGrahamofTennessee'sVanderbiltUniversity,"isthatHIVisvulnerableandthatitispossibletostimulateeffectiveimmunityagainstit."[C]Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,theanxietyofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwooftherecipientshavediedfromothercauses,notoneoftheman'scontaminatedbloodhascomedownwithAIDS.Moretellingstill,thedonorisalsohealthy.InfacthisimmunesystemremainsasrobustasifhehadnevertangledwithHIVatall.Whatcouldexplainsuchunexpectedgoodfortune?[D]Attheveryleast,thenefgeneoffersanattractivetargetfordrugdevelopers.Ifitsactivitycanbeblocked,suggestsDeacon,researchersmightbeabletobringtheprogressionofdiseaseundercontrol,eveninpeoplewhohavedevelopedfull-blownAIDS.TheneedforbetterAIDS-fightingdrugswasunderscoredlastweekbytheactionsofaU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationadvisorypanel,which,recommendedspeedyapprovaloftwonewAIDSdrugs.AlthoughFDAcommissionerDavidKesslerwasquicktopraisethenewdrugs,neithermedicationcanpreventorcureAIDSonceithastakenhold.Whatscientistsreallywantisavaccinethatcanpreventinfectionaltogether.Andthat'swhatmakestheSydneyvirussopromising--andsocontroversial.[E]AteamofAustralianscientistshasfinallysolvedthemystery.Thevirusthatthedonorcontractedandthenpassedon,theteamreportedlastweekinthejournalScience,containsflawsinitsgeneticscriptthatappeartohaverendereditharmless."Notonlyhavetherecipientsandthedonornotprogressedtodiseasefor15years,"marvelsmolecularbiologistNicholasDeaconofAustralia'sMacfarlaneBurnetCentreforMedicalResearch,"butthepredictionisthattheyneverwill."Deaconspeculatesthatthis"impotent"HIVmayevenbeanaturalinoculantthatprotectsitscarriersagainstmorevirulentstrainsofthevirus.[F]ButfewscientistsareenthusiasticabouttestingthepropositionbyinjectingHIV--howeverweakened--intomillionsofpeoplewhohaveneverbeeninfected.Afterall,theynote,HIVisaretrovirus,aclassofinfectiousagentsknownfortheiralarmingabilitytointegratetheirowngenesintotheDNAofthecellstheyinfect.Thusonceittakeseffect,aretrovirusinfectionispermanent.[G]About15yearsago,awell-meaningmandonatedbloodtotheRedCrossinSydney,Australia,notknowinghehasbeenexposedtoHIV-1,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Muchlater,publichealthofficialslearnedthatsomeofthepeoplewhogottransfusionscontaininghisbloodhadbecomeinfectedwiththesamevirus;presumablytheywerealmostsuretodie.Order:

填空题直言命题是直接地、无条件地反映对象_______的命题。

填空题二难推理是一种由_______构成的复合命题的综合推理。其基本有效式有_______、_______、_______、和_______。

填空题 混合关系推理是前提中既有关系命题，又有( )的关系推理。

填空题 德·摩根律是并与交取补后（ ）。

填空题具有不相容关系的a、b两个概念，如果被包含在属概念c中，并且a与b的外延之和等于c，则a与b之间的关系是_______关系。

填空题间接反驳时，先论证与被反驳论题相矛盾或相反对的论题为真，然后根据_______律确定被反驳论题为假。

填空题按照划分的次数不同，划分可以分为________和连续划分