阅读理解The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is ______ .

阅读理解Whether you are logging on to your personal computer, using a credit card, or disarming a door security system, passwords or PINs(personal identification numbers) jealously guard access to numerous regular operations. It is estimated that within ten years, consumers could be faced with handling more than 100 passwords! Given the popularity of passwords, how can you choose ones that are sufficiently complicated to he secure yet are simple enough to remember? There are basic guidelines to bear in mind. First, don''t use as a password your name or that of a member of your family, even in modified form. Also avoid use of your telephone number, your Social Security number, or your address. Such information can easily be obtained by a determined hacker (黑客). In addition, if possible, don''t use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits. A relatively simple computer program can crack such a code quickly. Finally, do not use a word that can be found in any dictionary, even a foreign-language one. Huge lists are available that contain words, place names, and proper names from all languages. Programs can test for variations of these words, such as if they are spelled backward, capitalized, or combined. So, what kinds of passwords should be used? Usually ones that have a minimum of six to eight characters and that have a mixture of upper-and lower-case letters, digits, and punctuation (标点) symbols. How difficult is it to crack such a combination of characters? One source says that "a machine that could try one million passwords per second would require, on the average, over one hundred years." How can you choose a combination that is easy to remember? Some suggest that you take the title of a favorite book or film or a line from a song or poem and use the first letter from each word as your password, adding capital letters, punctuation, or other characters. For example, "to be or not to be" could become "2B/not2B". Other suggestions include taking two short words and link them with a punctuation character, such as "High.?Bug " or "Song; Tree". Taking into account the suggestions outlined above can help you to protect important information from unwanted hackers. Remember, too, the importance of changing your passwords regularly. Just a final comment: Whatever passwords you decide to use, don''t pick any of the examples given above.

阅读理解Passage Five　　Even plants can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease

阅读理解The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR. Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world''s top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的) planning activities, compared to about one-third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR. Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人) in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall''s U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country. Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN(Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word "foreign" would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.

阅读理解The loudest outcry (大声疾呼) about poverty seemed to come in the wealthiest country by far in the world. According to most calculations, through most of the 1945-1970 period the United States had a standard of living well above Europe''s and many times above the world average. Yet protests about grinding poverty, hunger, and dreadful need proceed from the United States than from countries with one fortieth of their living standard. (An annual per capita income of eight dollars is typical of much of Africa and Asia and not a little of South America.) It would seem strange to these people(they were only aware of the fact) that American radicals demand a retreat from an American commitment to the far concerns of the globe so that the money thus saved can be spent raising the standard of living of underprivileged Americans. What this last point suggests is not so much that human wants all never to be satisfied though this is doubtless true, and the American suburbanite (郊区居民) deprived of his second car and his color TV suffers just as acutely as an African farmer in need of a second cow and a screen door. Rather, it suggests the extent of contemporary broach (违背) of social norms—the emancipation (解放) of the individual self. People have learned that their wants are sacred and right ought to be satisfied. They have learned to consider any obstacle to personal fulfillment an intolerable insult They have greatly expended the circle of self-awareness. They no longer accept sharp limitations on individual desires in the name of the group. The amount of potential human discontent has always been infinite misery, failure, misfitting, bitterness, hatred, envy beyond telling. It has usually failed of utterance, and in the past it was accepted passively as being beyond help.

阅读理解What are the tree rings like in a favorable climate? A) Tree rings grow close together. B) Tree tings grow far apart. C) Tree tings are very large. D) The pattern of rings in a tree trunk is the same.

阅读理解The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self improvement. Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night''s sleep or a three day vacation. I don''t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couple who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

阅读理解The reason that scientists cannot cure a common cold is __________.

阅读理解FedEx services have different restrictions on the goods’_______.

阅读理解The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.

阅读理解for, too high, meet, meet with, disappointed, at, onDear Sir or Madam, Thank you (1) your mail．We are (2) to hear that our price for your required product is (3) for your acceptance．You mentioned that Japanese goods are being offered to you (4) a price approximately 8/% lower than our quotation. We accept your position, but we are of the opinion that the quality of the other makes does not measure up to that of our products．Although we are keen to do business with you, we regret that we cannot accept your counter offer. We do want to try and work with you, and meet your request, but the best we can do is to reduce our previous quotation by 3/%．We hope that this will (5) your approval. We look forward to hearing from you. With best regards,

阅读理解More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his purpose can gain substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It''s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crime that go undetected. But it''s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to push extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company''s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

阅读理解what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?

阅读理解 durabihty, requested, as follows, following, weight, quantity, quality, at sight, shipment, final confirmation, forward, trial Non-firm offer for blanket Dear Sirs, Thank you for your inquiry of June 20． We are very glad to learn that you are interested in our blankets. Our blankets are a perfect combination of (1) , warmth, softness and easy care． For the past twenty years we have supplied these products to customers in more than thirty countries in the world. As (2) , we are pleased to quote you (3) : Commodity: Silver Lake brand woolen mixed blankets Size: 70×85 in. (4) : 3lbs Color: pink and blue (5) : 2000 pcs Price: US $30 each CIFC2 London Payment: By confirmed irrevocable L/C (6) (7) : During May 2008 This offer is subject to our (8) ．We are looking (9) to your (10) order. Yours faithfully,

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阅读理解The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止) such devices from being used during "critical" stages of light, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft''s computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio system in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who can''t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music''s too loud.

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阅读理解Under George W.Bush, how much money could Cuban-Americans send to their family members?

阅读理解On packing and charge Dear Sirs, The 12000 cycles you ordered will be ready (1) dispatch by 17th December．Since you require them (2) onward shipment to Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman and Qatar, we are arranging (3) them to be packed (4) seaworthy containers. Each bicycle is enclosed (5) a corrugated cardboard pack, and 20 are banned together and wrapped (6) sheet plastic．A container holds 240 cycles; the whole cargo would therefore comprise 50 containers, each weighing 8 tons．Dispatch can be made (7) our works by rail to be forwarded from Shanghai harbor．The freight charges (8) works (9) Shanghai are US ＄80 per container, totally US ＄4000 for this consignment, excluding container hire, which will be charged (10) your account. Please let us have your delivery instruction. Yours faithfully, Kang Zhuang General Manager

阅读理解This summer trainers hope to __________.