填空题Life, at least for a seed, is better out in the world. (1) . Seeds know how to get around. (2) . But they all have the same goal: to take root and give rise to the next generation. Scientists can understand what type of dispersal strategy a plant employs by looking at its environment. For example, dispersal by sea currents is important for plants that grow on seashores, and wind is important in open grasslands. And for each type of dispersal, there is a type of design. (3) . "Among species with seeds dispersed internally by animals, the size of the seed or fruit, its color, and the presence of protective husks will reflect the swallowing, visual, and processing abilities of the seed disperser," Birkinshaw said. For example, seeds spread by small birds will be small in size, covered with plant flesh (to give the birds a reward for eating it), huskless (since most birds are ill equipped to remove such an outer shell), and brightly colored (since birds have good color vision). Some seeds have no specific dispersal strategy, like the coco-de-mer, a palm tree that only grows in the Seychelles, an island chain in the Indian Ocean. These palms have the largest seeds of any plant and lack any seed dispersal method other than gravity, Birkinshaw said. In other cases, as with the rare Madagascan palms Satranala decussilvae and Voanioala gerardii, the seeds collect in piles beneath their parent trees. (4) . According to John Dransfield, an expert on Madagascan palms with the United Kingdom's Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, both of these palms have very large seeds that animals alive today are incapable of moving. "You start dreaming up stories that it could have been distributed by a now extinct animal", he said. Possible extinct dispersers of the palms are large lemurs that once roamed Madagascar or flightless elephant birds, which were the largest birds known to have lived in Madagascar. There are only a few of these Madagascan palms left standing. (5) . Donald Drake is a botanist with the University of Hawaii in Honolulu who studies how plant and animal interaction affects reproduction of native plants and food for native animals in the Pacific Ocean islands. He said loss of animals to disperse seeds certainly impacts a plant's viability, but "hard, conclusive data are difficult to come by." He and colleague Kim McConkey are currently engaged in research that suggests animals may stop performing ecological functions such as seed dispersal long before they go extinct. "We found this to be the case with flying foxes", Drake said. Flying foxes are among the few remaining large animals that disperse seeds on islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. "Many flying foxes are either rare or extinct", Drake said, "If they cease to be effective dispersers long before reaching that stage, there is a possibility that the results we found are of wide applicability." A. Wind-dispersed seeds are generally lightweight and have adaptations such as wings and parachutes so they can catch a ride on the breeze. Water-dispersed seeds, such as coconuts, are buoyant. Seeds dispersed by animals usually offer a nutritional reward so that they are eaten, or they are sticky or barbed so they can latch on to passing bodies. B. If researchers can confirm that indeed the animal disperser of the palms, seeds are extinct, then the only way to prevent the trees themselves from becoming extinct may be to reintroduce seedlings into the forest with a controlled program of replanting, Dransfield said. C. In order to maintain effective seed-dispersing populations, the researchers say it is important to take conservation actions before seed-dispersing animal species drop below this threshold. D. Some fly with the wind, others go with the flow. Many hitch a ride with unsuspecting animals. E. Some animals cease being effective seed dispersers when their population densities fall below a point that induces them to compete over food resources—they stop bothering to scatter and hide their food stores. F. In general, seed dispersal away from the parent plant increases the chances that a seed will reach maturity. G. Researchers believe that perhaps their animal dispersers are long extinct.

填空题I remember the whole thing 好像昨天发生的一样

填空题Earlier this year when a lawsuit accused Anheuser-Busch of selling watered-down beer, it caused only a minor buzz. America's biggest breweries have long produced flavourless beer. And anyway, those seeking a more robust brew have plenty of options. Today's beer market increasingly resembles that of the pre-Prohibition era, when smaller, regional breweries dotted the map. Such is the demand for good-tasting beer that, on average, more than one new brewery opened every day last year. Small and independent breweries have thrived during the recession and its wave, taking market share away from traditional brands like Budweiser and Miller Lite. According to Beer Marketer's Insights, a trade publication, craft beer (精酿啤酒) has grown over 13% by volume in each of the past three years. America's two biggest brewers, Anheuser-Busch and MillerCoors, still account for around three quarters of the domestic market, to craft's 6.7%. But even they have noticed the change in consumer tastes. Whereas sales of their big brands have dropped off, gains have been made by offerings called "crafty beer", which look and taste like craft brews. This has led to some debate over what constitutes a craft beer and an intra-industry quarrel over taxes. The Brewers Association promotes the interests of "small, independent and traditional" brewers that produce up to 6m barrels of beer a year. The largest craft brewer under this definition is the Boston Beer Company, maker of Samuel Adams, which produced over 2m barrels last year. That number also happens to be the cut-off (界限) for favourable treatment by the government, which gives small brewers a break on the federal excise tax (消费税). As the craft-beer industry grows, the Brewers Association thinks more of its members will join Boston Beer on the wrong side of the tax code. So it is pushing Congress to pass a bill that would raise the excise-tax bar to 6m barrels a year. In March hundreds of small-brewery owners took their case to Congress. But the Beer Institute, which represents big and small brewers alike, unsurprisingly favours a different bill that would cut the excise tax for the whole industry. Opponents of slashing the excise tax, which has not been adjusted since 1991, note that inflation has already reduced its potency. Moreover, some see higher alcohol taxes as a Way to increase revenues. But others are sympathetic to the Beer Institute's claim that taxes have become the most expensive ingredient of beer. Hence, perhaps, the bitter taste of some brews. A．small and independent breweries B．produced over 2m barrels last year C．produced up to 6m barrels of beer a year D．claims that duties become the most costly part of beer E．considers more of its members will leave Boston Beer F．small and regional beer-makers scattered about the country G．pushes Congress to pass an act that would raise the excise-tax

填空题与此同时, even those of us who are not scientists have begun to pay attention to air.

填空题We confirm supply of 1000 pairs of the shoes ______ the prices stated ______ your Order No．888 and will allow a 5/% special discount ______ your order worth ￡5000 or above.

填空题Black: I' d like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.Smith: ______

填空题I didn"t mind their coming late to the lecture, but I objected their making so much noise .

填空题People were riding horses much earlier than previously thought, new archaeological finds suggest. Scientists have now traced the first conclusive evidence of domesticated horses back to Kazakhstan, about 5,500 years ago. That"s 1,000 years earlier than we already knew about, and about 2,000 years before domesticated horses showed up in Europe. 1 Scientists analyzed the horses" lower leg bones, and found that they more closely resembled those of later known domestic horses rather than those of ancient wild horses. The researchers also developed a new method to identify the chemical signatures of fat from horse milk, and were able to find these traces on Botai pottery fragments. 2 . "The invention of a method to identify the fat residues left by horse milk in ceramic pots is a spectacular and brilliant advance," archaeologists David Anthony and Dorcas Brown of Hartwick College wrote in an e-mail. "If you"re milking horses, they are not wild." 3 . For one thing, it meant people could travel much farther, and much more quickly, than before. "When people began to ride, it revolutionized human transport," Anthony and Brown said. "We still measure the power of our transportation technologies in horsepower, because for millennia, until just about 150 years ago, that was the fastest transport humans had." 4 They were less nomadic than previous residents of that area, which is why archaeologists have an easier time studying their remains, compared to earlier peoples who moved around so often that they didn"t leave large deposits in any one place. 5 . "We"ll probably be looking more widely now trying to apply the same techniques to other sites," Brown said. "I wouldn"t be surprised if we find even earlier ones. I think even if there are earlier sites, they"re still going to be in the neighboring area, where those big grass plains are." A. The advent of horsemanship was a major advance for civilization, right up there with inventing the wheel and making tools out of iron. B. Finally, a few of the ancient horse skulls bore physical markings on the teeth that could have been made by the use of a harness with a bit in the mouth. C. Experts suspect that some of these even earlier groups may have also domesticated houses, though. D. Comparisons were also made to leg bones from modern and 3,000-year-old domesticated horses and from wild Siberian horses that lived more than 20,000 years ago. E. The Botai people lived in planned-out villages, with houses partly buried underground. F. Archaeologists have uncovered thousands of horse bones at the site of the ancient Botai culture in Kazakhstan.

填空题We shall open an L/C ______ your favor ______ Barclays Bank here ______ the extent of 15 000.

填空题A. How about itB. She didn't knowC. get the money for youD. we didn't have itE. it's a size 40F. it's wrong colorG. get a right one for youH. What's the matter with it John: Hi, Miss, can I return this shirt? Saleswoman: (1) ? John: It's the wrong size. I wear size 42, but (2) . Saleswoman: I remember now. Your wife bought it yesterday. She wanted size 41 , but (3) . She then took the smaller size. John: (4) that I now wear size 42. Saleswoman: We don't have a size 42, either. Ok, I'll (5) .

填空题 One way of improving one's writing is to get into the habit of keeping a record of your observations, of storing {{U}}(46) {{/U}} in a note-book or journal. You should make notes on your experiences and on your {{U}}(47) {{/U}} of everyday life so that they are preserved. It is sad {{U}}(48) {{/U}} to be able to retrieve a lost idea that seemed brilliant when it flashed across your {{U}}(49) {{/U}}, or a forgotten fact that you need to make a point in a argument or to illustrate a conclusion. The journal habit has still {{U}}(50) {{/U}} value. Just {{U}}(51) {{/U}} you need to record observations--the material for writing--you need to practice putting thoughts on paper, learning to write is more like learning to ski {{U}}(52) {{/U}} it is like studying calculus or anthropology. Practice helps you discover ways to improve. Writing down ideas for your own use forces you to examine them. Putting thoughts on paper for someone else to read {{U}}(53) {{/U}} you to evaluate not {{U}}(54) {{/U}} the content--what you say but also the expression {{U}}(55) {{/U}} you say it. Many writers have benefited from this habit.

填空题Great changes have taken place in China {{U}}since she carried out the policy of reform and opening-up in 1980s{{/U}}.

填空题Bill: The Peace Cinema has Dancing with the Wolf. Would you like to go and see it?Mary:______

填空题Energy, population and environment are ______ issues in rural development in Southeast Asia. (related)

填空题有只猫突然从门后跑出来了。

填空题It took years for Einstein"s theory to gain acceptably .

填空题______ is the first major theory in the study of language in use, which originated with the Oxford philosopher John Lang Shaw Austin.