填空题As Carter and Simpson (1989) observed that " if the 1960s was a decade of formalism in stylistics, the 1970s a decade of functionalism, and the 1980s a decade of______stylistics". (中山大学2011年研)

填空题[A] Extensive applications of haptic technology.[B] Possibilities rendered by haptic mechanisms.[C] The feasibility of extending our senses and exploring abstract universes.[D] An example of the progress in science of haptics.[E] Bringing the potential of our senses into full play.[F] Will haptics step into a bright future? "OOOF!" Using your mouse, you heave a data file across the screen--a couple of gigabytes of data weigh a lot. Its rough surface tells you that it is a graphics file. Having tipped this huge pile of data into a hopper that sends it to the right program, you examine a screen image of the forest trail you'll be hiking on your Vacation. Then, using a gloved hand, you master its details by running your fingers over its forks and bends, its sharp rises and falls. Later you send an E-mail to your beloved, bending to the deskpad to attach a kiss. 41．______________ The science of haptics (from the Greek haptesthai, "to touch") is making these fantasies real. A few primitive devices are extending human-machine communication beyond vision and sound. Haptic joysticks and steering wheels for computer games are already giving happy players some of the sensations of piloting a spaceship, driving a racing car or firing weapons. In time, haptic interfaces may allow us to manipulate single molecules, feel clouds and galaxies, even reach into higher dimensions to grasp the subtle structures of mathematics. 42．______________ Most of our senses are passive. In hearing and vision, for example, the sound or light is simply received and analyzed. But touch is different: we actively explore and alter reality with our hands, so the same action that gathers information can also change the world--to model a piece of clay or press a button, for example. In providing direct contact between people, touch carries emotional impact. And in providing direct contact with the world, it is the sure sign of reality, as in "pinch me--am I dreaming?" 43．______________ Some small steps have even been taken towards whole-body haptics. Touch Technology of Nova Scotia, Canada, has built a haptic chair. It looks like a full length lounge chair in a family den, but its surface is studded with 72 "tactors" -pneumatic piston rods, covered with rounded buttons, that can extend about an inch, and can be driven under computer control in any desired sequence and pattern. It could be programmed to imitate a real massage or to function in time to music. According to the manufacturer, that provides a powerful blending of sen-sations--a long term goal of virtual reality. 44．______________ Even at its present crude level, however, haptics can make tangible what once could not be touched or even pictured. To investigate the world of the very small, researchers at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, have developed the nanoManipulator. This adds touch to the technique of scanning probe microscopy, which can image a single atom by monitoring either the electrical current flowing between an extremely fine probe and a surface or the force between them. With the nanoManipulator, researchers can see and manipulate a universe a million times smaller than their own, to study viruses and tiny semiconducting devices. If the force feedback can be made sensitive enough, it may be possible to push molecular keys into specific molecular locks, to custom-design drugs or assemble silicon parts into intricate nanomachines. With other interfaces, there is no reason we shouldn't also be able to touch the very large-clouds, ocean currents, mantle flows, mountains, galaxy clusters. Or the very strong--with a suitable force scaling, new ceramics or alloys could be squeezed and twanged to test their engineering properties. Or the physically extreme and inaccessible--such as ultra hot plasma flows in fusion machines. 45．______________ Haptic technology could even make abstract ideas tangible. Many scientific concepts occupy spaces of more than three dimensions: string theory, for example, asserts that we live in a 10 or 11-dimensional Universe. As it is impossible to visualise such a space, we explore these ideas through mathematical expressions or two dimensional sketches on paper, But probing these unfamiliar geometries with touch may be more effective. And for blind people, haptics offers a new way to grasp information even in three dimensions. A group at the University of Delaware has developed an environment where a person can feel a mathematical function. Using a PHAN-TOM, the user "walks" along the surface of the figure. Like a hiker following mountainous terrain, the user feels where the function is steep, where it is level, and where its peaks and valleys lie. Other haptic systems could help blind people to browse the Internet, feeling images as well as words. The future of haptics is bright, but the only sensual relationship it will be sustaining any time soon is between you and your computer.

填空题It is in his spare time when Robert teaches himself English and Japanese. A. It is B. in C. when D. himself

填空题If I knew him last year, I would have made good friends with him.

填空题Five miles ______ (seem)to be a long way to an old lady of her age．

填空题The man is famous for a good singer .

填空题Rabies is an ordinarily infectious disease of the central nervous system. It is caused by a virus and, (51) a rule, spread chiefly by domestic dogs and (52) flesh-eating animals. Man and all warm-blooded animals are susceptible (53) rabies. The people of (54) Egypt, Greece and Rome ascribed rabies to evil spirits (55) ordinarily gentle and friendly animals suddenly became vivacious and violent (56) evident cause and, (57) a period of maniacal behavior became paralyzed and died. Experiments (58) out in Europe in the early nineteenth century of injecting saliva from a rabid dog (59) a normal dog proved that the disease was infectious. Preventive steps, (60) as the destruction of stray dogs, were taken and (61) 1862 the disease was permanently eliminated in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Though urban center on the continent of Europe were cleared several times during the nineteenth century, (62) soon became re-infected since rabies was uncontrolled among wild animals. Anti-rabies vaccine is widely used nowadays in two ways. Dogs may be given three- year protection (63) the disease by one powerful injection, (64) persons who have been (65) by rabid animals are given a course of daily injections over a week (66) ten days. The mortality rate from all (67) of bites from rabid animals has dropped from 9% to 0.5%. In rare (68) , the vaccine will not prevent rabies in human (69) because the virus produces the disease before the person's body has (70) to build up enough resistance. Because of this, immediate vaccination is essential for anyone bitten by an animal observed acting strangely and the animal should be captured circumspectly, and examined professionally or destroyed.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} For each numbered bracket in the following passage, fill in a suitable word in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET. Old people are always saying that the young people are not{{U}} (51) {{/U}}they were. The same comment is{{U}} (52) {{/U}}from generation to generation and it is always{{U}} (53) {{/U}}. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy{{U}} (54) {{/U}}freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so{{U}} (55) {{/U}}on their parents. Events which the older generation remember vividly are{{U}} (56) {{/U}}more than past history, This is as it should be. Every new generation is{{U}} (57) {{/U}}from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple{{U}} (58) {{/U}}that they have been{{U}} (59) {{/U}}a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the{{U}} (60) {{/U}}are doing. They are questioning the{{U}} (61) {{/U}}of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to{{U}} (62) {{/U}}that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than{{U}} (63) {{/U}}is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and{{U}} (64) {{/U}}? And what{{U}} (65) {{/U}}the clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should{{U}} (66) {{/U}}drab grey suits? If we turn our{{U}} (67) {{/U}}to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used{{U}} (68) {{/U}}to solve their problems? Why are they are so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more{{U}} (69) {{/U}}possessions? Can anything be right with the rat-race? Haven't the old lost{{U}} (70) {{/U}}with all that is important in life?

填空题The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert"s appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today"s live performances; moreover, they can be "consumed" at a time and place of the listener"s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert"s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into "a markedly different, more vibrant organization." But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra"s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America"s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. A. doubtful. 1 Gilbert"s appointment has B. are easily accessible to the general public. 2 Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is C. received acclaim. 3 The author believes that the devoted concertgoers D. are often inferior to live concerts in quality. 4 Recordings E. modest. 5 Regarding Gilbert"s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels F. ignore the expenses of live performances. G. overestimate the value of live performances.

填空题Its desired that this rule ______ (obey)by everyone working here．

填空题A. The petitioners argue that repealing the tax will cost the Treasury billions of dollars in lost revenues and will result in either increased taxes in the long run or cuts to Medicare, Social Security, environmental protection and other government programs. Repealing the levy "would enrich the heirs of America"s millionaires and billionaires, while hurting families who struggle to make ends meet," the petition says. B. About 120 wealthy Americans had signed or supported a petition to oppose phasing out the tax. President Bush has included the repeal of the tax in his $1.6 trillion tax-cut proposal. Normally when "dozens" of Americans join in a political cause, it is not particularly noteworthy, but in this case the dozens include: George Soros, a billionaire financier; Warren Buffett, an investor listed as America"s fourth-richest person; the philanthropist David Rockefeller Jr.; and William Gates St., a Seattle lawyer and father of America"s richest man, Microsoft Corp. Chairman Bill Gates. C. Buffett and company cite these factors in their petition calling for opposition to the estate-tax-repeal. They also discuss something that"s equally emotional and far more complex: the principle of meritocracy. The idea that everyone in America has an equal chance, that our fates are not determined by accidents of birth, is one of our core values. And nowhere is this principle more reverend than in the technology economy; entrepreneurship is almost by definition an expression of meritocracy. D. Buffett told the New York Times that repealing the estate tax would be a "terrible mistake" and the equivalent of "choosing the 2020 Olympic team by picking the eldest sons of the gold medal winners in the 2000 Olympics." E. An old brokerage commercial says: "He made his money the old-fashioned way: He earned it." There was a perfect parody of the ad in which the line read: "He made his money the old-fashioned way: He inherited it." In 20 or 50 or 100 years, which of these lines will be right? Buffett and Soros and friends, to their credit, want to help make the first one real. Let"s hope this is only one step in that process. F. It was refreshing to see Buffett and George Soros and a number of other extremely wealthy luminaries stand up in opposition to President Bush"s proposed repeal of the estate tax. While the policy has some emotional attractions—it would protect the inheritors of some small businesses from having to sell the companies to pay taxes, and it is true that most people have been taxed on their savings once already—in practice the tax repeal would mainly be a windfall for a very small number of very, very rich people. G. President Bush will make his case for his $1.6 trillion tax cut plan, delivering a speech at a community center in St. Louis. The proposal would slash federal tax rates across all levels of income, eliminate the so-called marriage penalty and phase out estate taxes. Democrats complain that the plan—which would cut the top rate from 39 to 33 percent—would disproportionately benefit the wealthy and unnecessarily squander expected budget surpluses. Some of the richest Americans are urging Congress not to repeal the estate tax, the New York Times reported on Wednesday. Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 →D→ 5

填空题Translation．(辽宁大学2007研，考试科目：英语专业基础)Sometimes Laura and I lean over the taffrail, and that is happiness. It may be by daylight, looking at the sea, rippled with little white ponies, or with no ripples at all but only the lazy satin of blue, marbled at the edge where the passage of our ship has disturbed it. Or it may be at night, when the sky surely seems blacker than ever at home and the stars more golden. I recall a phrase from the diary of a half-literate soldier, " The stars seemed little cuts in the black cover, through which a bright beyond was seen. " Sometimes these untaught scribblers have a way of putting things.

填空题Jack: I do morning exercises every day.Mike: ______

填空题Eugene O"Neill"s______is a play that concerns the problem of Yank"s identity.

填空题All the tasks ______, they packed their tools and returned. (finish)

填空题A. I am awfully sorry,B. Not at all.C. It's my pleasure.D. No, of course not.E. Coffee, please.F. You don't look well.G. But he panned to.H. Take it easy.

填空题许多困在山洞里的人在救援队赶到之前就死了. (to trap).

填空题Did you get the (permit) ______ from the authorities to run the business?

填空题Passage translation(From English into Chinese)．(中南大学2010研，考试科目：翻译硕士英语)In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us with unconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better.