单选题Our football team (feel) (proud of that) we (have won) every (match this yesr).A. feelB. proud of thatC. have wonD. match this yesr

单选题The character armor consists of defensive character traits, like arrogance or apprehensiveness, that developed in childhood to ______ painful feelings. A. turn aside B. ward off C. bread up D. watch over

单选题Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of ______reality.

单选题Hurry up, children! The school bus ________ for us.

单选题A truly smart city must take________account the real needs of its citizens.

单选题Why does Dr. Sterngold think that the Remco chrome-plating plant was responsible for his asthma?

单选题Two trucks were reported to have______head-on yesterday.

单选题It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors" names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal. The Internet-and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it-is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor. The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers say that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals. This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report"s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.

单选题The FDA has tried repeatedly to control ______.

单选题 It is said that her mother ______ for several years.

单选题Diana made a lot of effort to persuade her parents into ______ to her going to the United States to study business administration in MIT.

单选题________finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.

单选题______the introduction to the film, I had no desire to go to the cinema.

单选题 Our manager is not in right now. Can I_________a message？

单选题May I have ______ look at ______ dictionary you bought at the bookstore?

单选题In New York City ______ has highly restrictive guidelines for ______ police may use their guns, the number of people shot by local cops soared in the past three years from 68 to 108.

单选题 An Unlikely Most Valuable Player A. It was a bitter winter night in New York—cold enough to keep most people indoors. But outside the Elwain home, someone was bouncing a ball repeatedly against the asphalt, totally ignoring the frigid air. It was Jason, a tall teenager, dressed lightly against the February chill, doing what he loved most: shooting hoops. No matter the weather, Jason practiced basketball, if not at home, then at his high school, Greece Athena. B. As a junior, he tried out for college team, but Jason is autistic (孤独症的), and lacking the fine coordination and strength of the other players, he didn't make it. He practiced harder and tried out again as a senior, only to be met with the same disheartening result. But because Jason's passion for basketball was so intense, the coach found a way for him to stay in the game—as the Trojans' team manager. It was Jason's job to hand out water and offer his teammates major doses of moral support. C. The Trojans enjoyed a solid season, playing 17 games and coming away with 12 victories—which was why, for their final home game, coach Jim asked his popular manager to suit up. As a surprise to Jason, he planned to let him play. With just four minutes left on the clock and the Trojans with a comfortable lead, Johnson called number 52 onto the court. D. A stunned Jason had his first shot badly, and he missed again with the second. Then suddenly, the 17-year-old made a clean hoop shot. He kept shooting, one basket after another, until he'd scored six three-pointers and one two-pointer for a total of 20 points. Applause filled the gymnasium as members of the crowd surged forward to lift Jason onto their shoulders. Coach Jim actually wept, and Jason's classmates waved signs with the boy's face on them, screaming, 'Jason, Jason.' The kid who lived for basketball but was never picked for the team was suddenly the most unexpected streak shooter in high school hoops history. E. Jason became an instant celebrity, winning headlines across the country. Highlights of his streak were shown repeatedly on TV news and ESPN. Movie offers poured in from Hollywood studios, and last July, Jason won the ESPY Award for Best Moment in sports. 'Though I knew it wasn't going to be me, I never thought Jason would be the one in our family to become famous,' his dad, David, a sales tax audit manager, says with a laugh. But Jason's feat on the basketball court was hardly the first dramatic moment in his life. F. The younger of two boys born to David and Debbie Elwain, Jason seemed a normal infant. Then, when he was six months old, everything changed. Jason became rigid if held; he soon stopped making eye contact and was completely unresponsive when he was rocked. 'I knew something was wrong,' says Debbie, a dentist. Though her husband and other relatives told her not to worry, Debbie couldn't avoid comparing Jason's development with that of his brother, Josh, older by 18 months. 'Josh talked a lot at age two,' she says. 'At the same age, Jason just sat in a corner and played with his fingers.' G. David and Debbie, fearing the worst, took Jason to Strong Children's Hospital in Rochester for a complete evaluation. There, doctors diagnosed the boy with severe autism. Affecting some 1.5 million Americans, autism is the country's fastest-growing developmental disability, although scientists do not know why. Jason also suffers from learning disabilities and has an IQ of 70. H. Debbie, who became her son's personal warrior, says, 'I was determined to get him out of it.' Having discovered that with early intervention, there is a chance a severely autistic child can become high functioning, she enrolled Jason, at age three, in an intensive special education program. She also worked to keep him stimulated at home and talked to him ceaselessly. When he wouldn't eat or drink, she'd flick the lights to distract him, then slip food into his open mouth. She made sure the only toys Jason received were the interactive kind. I. Like many autistic children, Jason was prone to violent behaviors. He'd run screaming around the house. All his parents could do was grab him and hold him tight. In trying to restrain her son, Debbie sometimes got hurt. Once, Jason gave her a black eye; another time, he dislocated her shoulder. 'I'd do anything to stop him from hurting himself,' says Debbie, 'but it was exhausting. The outbursts could last a half-hour.' Still, she says, 'you just keep going and try not to despair.' J. And whatever Josh did, Jason tried to do too. 'Usually at my insistence,' says Josh, who has always been protective of his little brother. The boys learned to play golf together. When Josh, now an outgoing and strong 19-year-old, became a lifeguard, Jason took lessons. When Josh took up the violin, Jason decided to play an instrument. In their neighborhood, Josh stood up for his brother when kids teased Jason or tried to make him do foolish things. When a student at school stole Jason's birthday money, Josh got it back. One downside to the brothers' close relationship: It was tough for Jason to say goodbye when Josh headed to college two years ago. K. Change can be extremely hard for the autistic, who typically finds comfort in routine. 'Jason is very superstitious,' explains Debbie. 'Before basketball games, he insists that his supper consist of chicken soup, peaches, apple sauce and a glass of milk—or his team will lose. And he has to wear the same black pants, white shirt and shoes courtside.' Those shoes no longer fit the night of the last game, but Jason wore them anyway—and ended up with blisters. L. Today, Jason, now 18, has learned to control his autistic humming in public. And when the urge to flap his arms comes, he thrusts his hands deep into his pockets. He has not outgrown his difficulty in making eye contact, but unlike some people with autism, he's very social. M. Jason's immediate response to his streak-shooting performance was pragmatic. 'It was great to achieve this before finishing high school.' He says. And his good fortune didn't end there. He took a pretty sophomore to the senior prom. Josh was proud of his brother's achievement. 'Everybody at my school knows who Jason is,' he says. 'Girls say to me, 'Oh, my God, you're Jason's brother. That's pretty cool.' I think so, too.' N. Late last spring, basketball great Magic Johnson paid a visit to Greece Athena High School to give a talk to the student body. 'He said he was really proud of us, and especially of Jason,' says one of Jason's teammates. Johnson, who said he was 'touched' by Jason's story, plans to serve as an executive producer on a Columbia Pictures movie about the boy. O. The film is expected to make Jason financially secure, alleviating one of his parents' longtime worries. 'I believe he can hold a job and support himself,' says his father. 'But the film means he'll be well looked after, and that's what we care about.' Jason is taking it all in stride. Last summer, he helped coach two Amateur Athletic Union basketball teams. At evening practices, when he joined his teenage players on the court, Jason Elwain was in his element.

单选题 Obtaining Linguistic Data A. Many procedures are available for obtaining data about a language. They range from a carefully planned, intensive field investigation in a foreign country to a casual introspection about one's mother tongue carried out in an armchair at home. B. In all cases, someone has to act as a source of language data—an informant. Informants are (ideally) native speakers of a language, who provide utterances for analysis and other kinds of information about the language (e.g. translations, comments about correctness, or judgements on usage). C. Often, when studying their mother tongue, linguists act as their own informants, judging the ambiguity, acceptability, or other properties of utterances against their own intuitions. The convenience of this approach makes it widely used, and it is considered the norm in the generative approach to linguistics. D. But a linguist's personal judgements are often uncertain, or disagree with the judgements of other linguists, at which point resource is needed to more object methods of enquiry, using non-linguists as informants. The later procedure is unavoidable when working on foreign languages, or child speech. E. Many factors must be considered when selecting informants—whether one is working with single speakers (a common situation when languages have not been described before), two people interacting, small groups or large-scale samples. Age, sex, social background and other aspects of identity are important, as these factors are known to influence the kind of language used. F. The topic of conversation and the characteristics of the social setting (e.g. the level of formality) are also highly relevant, as are the personal qualities of the informants (e.g. their fluency and consistency). For larger studies, scrupulous attention has been paid to the sampling theory employed, and in all cases, decisions have to be made about the best investigative techniques to use. G. Today, researchers often tape-record informants. This enables the linguist's claims about the language to be checked, and provides a way of making those claims more accurate ('difficult' pieces of speech can be listened to repeatedly). H. But obtaining naturalistic, good-quality data is never easy. People talk abnormally when they know they are being recorded, and sound quality can be poor. A variety of tape-recording procedures have thus been devised to minimise the 'observer's paradox' (how to observe the way people behave when they are not being observed). I. Some recordings are made without the speakers being aware of the fact—a procedure that obtains very natural data, though ethical objections must be anticipated. Alternatively, attempts can be made to make the speaker forget about the recording, such as keeping the tape recorder out of sight, or using radio microphones. A useful technique is to introduce a topic that quickly involves the speaker, and stimulates a natural language style (e.g. asking older informants about how times have changed in their locality). J. An audio tape recording does not solve all the linguist's problems, however. Speech is often unclear and ambiguous. Where possible, therefore, the recording has to be supplements by the observer's written comments on the non-verbal behaviour of the participants, and about the context in general. K. A facial expression, for example, can dramatically alter the meaning of what is said. Video recordings avoid these problems to a large extent, but even they have limitations (the camera cannot be everywhere), and transcription always benefits from any additional commentary provided by an observer. L. Linguists also make great use of structured sessions, in which they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviours. With a bilingual informant, or though use of an interpreter, it is possible to use translation technique ('How do you say table in your language?'). M. A large number of points can be covered in a short time, using interview work-sheets and questionnaires. Often, the researcher wishes to obtain information about just a single variable, in which case a restricted set of questions may be used: a particular feature of pronunciation, for example, can be elicited by asking the informant to say a restricted set of words. There are also several direct methods of elicitation, such as asking informants to fill in the blanks in a substitution frame (e.g. 'I ______ see a car.'), or feeding them the wrong stimulus for correction ('Is it possible to say I no can see?'). N. A representative sample of language, complied for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus. A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers. Its range and size are variable. Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text; others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature. O. The size of the corpus depends on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data: it can take up to several hours to provide an accurate transcription of a few minutes of speech. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast, corpora in major research projects can total millions of words. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, though either introspection or experimentation.

单选题—I saw Mary in the library yesterday. —You ______her, she is still in hospital.

单选题The designer has applied for a ______ for his new invention. A. tariff B. discount C. version D. patent