填空题Advertising is paid, nonpersonal communication that is designed to communicate in a creative manner, through the use of mass or information-directed media, the nature of products, services, and ideas. It is a form of persuasive communication that offers information about products, ideas, and services that serves the objectives determined by the advertiser. 1 Thus, the ultimate objective of advertising is to sell things persuasively and creatively. Advertising is used by commercial firms trying to sell products and services; by politicians and political interest groups to sell ideas or persuade voters; by not-for-profit organizations to raise funds, solicit volunteers, or influence the actions of viewers; and by governments seeking to encourage or discourage particular activities, such a wearing seatbelts, participating in the census, or ceasing to smoke. 2 The visual and verbal commercial messages that are a part of advertising are intended to attract attention and produce some response by the viewer. Advertising is pervasive and virtually impossible to escape. Newspapers and magazines often have more advertisements than copy; radio and television provide entertainment but are also laden with advertisements; advertisements pop up on Internet sites; and the mail brings a variety of advertisements. 3 In shopping malls, there are prominent logos on designer clothes, moviegoers regularly view advertisements for local restaurants, hair salons, and so on, and live sporting and cultural events often include signage, logos, products, and related information about the event sponsors. 4 Although the primary objective of advertising is to persuade, it may achieve this objective in many different ways. An important function of advertising is the identification function , that is, to identify a product and differentiate it from others; this creates an awareness of the product and provides a basis for consumers to choose the advertised product over other products. 5 The third function of advertising is to induce consumers to try new products and to suggest reuse of the product as well as new uses; this is the persuasion function. A. Another function of advertising is to communicate information about the product, its attributes, and its location of sale, this is the information function. B. The forms that advertising takes and the media in which advertisements appear are as varied as the advertisers themselves and the messages that they wish to deliver. C. An especially important issue in the creation of advertising is related to understanding how much information consumers want about a given product. D. Advertising may influence consumers in many different ways, but the primary goal of advertising is to increase the probability that consumers exposed to an advertisement will behave or believe as the advertiser wishes. E. Advertising also exists on billboards along the freeway, in subway and train stations, on benches at bus stops, and on the frames around car license plates. F. The pervasiveness of advertising and its creative elements are designed to cause viewers to take note.

填空题(The above) is the most important aspect (which) apes (can be told) from more (primitive) social groupings.A. The aboveB. whichC. can be toldD. primitive

填空题[A]Inventoriesofthisstoredmerchandiseoftenneedtobefinanced.Modernmarketingisthereforeacoordinatedsystemofmanybusinessactivities.Butbasicallyitinvolvesfourthings:sellingthecorrectproductattheproperplace,sellingitatapricedeterminedbydemand,satisfyingacustomer'sneedandwants,andproducingaprofitforthecompany.[B]Rawmaterialsrequiringlittleornospecialtreatmentcanbetransportedbyrail,shiporbargeatlowcost.Largequantitiesofrawmaterialstravelasbulkfreight.Butfinishedproductsthatoftenrequirespecialtreatment,suchasrefrigerationofcarefulhandling,areusuallytransportedbytruck.Thismerchandisefreightisusuallysmallerinvolumeandrequiresquickerdelivery.Merchandisefreightisatermforthetransportationofmanufacturedgoods.[C]Thetermsmarketandmarketingcanhaveseveralmeaningsdependinguponhowtheyareused.Thetermstockmarketreferstothebuyingandsellingofsharesincorporations.Aswellasotheractivitiesrelatedtostocktradingandpricing.TheimportantworldstockmarketsareinLondon,Geneva,NewYork,TokyoandSingapore,anothertpeofmarketisagrocerymarket,whichisaplacewherepeoplepurchasefood.Wheneconomistsusethewordmarket.Theymeanasetofforcesorconditionsthatdeterminethepriceofaproduct,suchasthesupplyavailableforsaleandthedemandforitbyconsumers.Thetermmarketinginbusinessincludesallthesemeanings,andmore.[D]Inthepast,theconceptofmarketingemphasizedsales.Theproducerormanufacturermadeaproducthewantedtosell.Marketingwasthetaskoffiguringouthowtoselltheproduct.Basically,sellingtheproductwouldbeaccomplishedbysalespromotion,whichincludedadvertisingandpersonalselling.Inadditiontosalespromotion,marketingalsoinvolvedthephysicaldistributionoftheproducttotheplaceswhereitwasactuallysold.Distributionconsistedoftransportation,storage,andrelatedservices.Suchasfinancing,standardizationandgrading,andtherelatedrisks.[E]Marketingnowinvolvesfirstdecidingwhatthecustomerwants,anddesigningandproducingaproductthatsatisfiesthesewantsataprofittothecompany.Insteadofconcentratingsolelyonproduct,thecompanymustconsiderthedesiresoftheconsumer.Andthisismuchmoredifficultsinceitinvolveshumanbehavior.Production,ontheotherhand,ismostlyanengineeringproblem,thus,demandandmarketforcesarestillanimportantaspectofmodernmarketing.Buttheyareconsideredpriortotheproductionprocess.[F]Themodernmarketingconceptencompassesalloftheactivitiesmentioned,butitisbasedonadifferentsetofprinciples.Itsubscribestothenotionthatproductioncanbeeconomicallyjustifiedonlybyconsumption.Inotherwords,goodsshouldbeproducedonlyiftheycanbesold.Therefore,theproducershouldconsiderwhoisgoingtobuytheproduct.Orwhatthemarketfortheproductisbeforeproductionbegins.Thisisverydifferentfrommakingaproductandthenthinkingabouthowtosellit.[G]Becauseproductsareoften,marketedinternationally,distributionhasincreasedinimportance.Goodsmustbeattheplacewherethecustomerneedsthemorbroughtthere.Thisisknownasplaceutility,itaddsvaluetoaproduct.However,manymarketsareseparatedfromtheplaceofproduction.Whichmeansthatoftenbothrawmaterialsandfinishedproductsmustbetransportedtothepointswheretheyareneeded.[H]Alongallpointsofthedistributionchannelvariousamountsofstoragearerequired.Thetimeandmannerofsuchstoragedependsuponthetypeofproduct.

填空题Amy: How about your studies?Ronald: ______

填空题Smoking during pregnancy could ______ (danger) your baby's health.

填空题提示：A1ice对医生说自己感到身体不适。今天早上起得很早做功课，摔在地板上。在那之前，曾感到紧张，并有时眼睛疼。医生说不要担心，但要Alice一定要有足够的睡眠。 Doctor: Hi, Alice, what seems to be the problem? Alice: Well, (51) at the moment. I'm preparing for exams and I've been staying up late at night studying. This morning (52) , and I fell onto the floor. Doctor: Had you had any signs? Alice: rd been pretty nervous (53) . Doctor: Well, it sounds as if you've probably been overdoing your study and you're too tired. (54) , but I think you should take it easy for a while and. try (55) . Alice: Yes. I haven't been getting much sleep lately.

填空题Speakers meaning differs from the kinds of meaning we studied in semantics in that its interpretation depends more on who the speaker of the sentence is, who the hearer is, when and where it is used

填空题Please read the following passage and translate it into English． 我是欧洲人，这一点我从未怀疑过。我的父母两方面都有欧洲祖先，年代久远，但至今联系牢固。生在苏格兰的人如我自己和我父亲从来都意识到苏格兰和欧洲是结合在一起的。现在欧洲人身份已经不仅仅是一种努力目标，也不是拿破仑当年的梦想，而是一个事实。不列颠失去了帝国，只是欧洲海岸外的若干岛屿而已。至于欧洲的将来，我个人的希望是：英国将继续把它最好的东西献给欧洲，即它的语言。英语是了不起的语言，是极好的材料，既可用来完成实际任务，又可用来表达各色各样的观念。没有另一种语言像它。它已经代替了法语而成为国际标准语。希望能兴旺下去。

填空题We will revert ______ this matter with you as soon as the supply position improves．We trust the above will be acceptable to you and await ______ keen interest your trial order.

填空题The scientists, (concerned about) the potential hazards, wanted (the latest) research finding (made) (publicly).A. concerned about B. the latest C. made D. publicly

填空题At every stage of development

填空题Word order refers to the ________arrangement of words in a language

填空题(To be measured) in terms of its members, teaching is (the world's biggest profession). Though the roles and functions of teachers (vary from country to country), the variations are generally greater within a country than (they are) between countries. A. To be measured B. the world's biggest profession C. vary from country to country D. they are

填空题41)__________. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviate the traffic problem in the long run. Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program. 42) __________. Proponents of this advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable message singing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic. Pathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a "smart corridor", is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement. Closed circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communications linked to properly equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours. 43) __________. "Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the Problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently", explains Michael Rennet, senior researcher at the World watch Institute. "It doesn't deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can't be built fast enough. It sends people the wrong message: They start thinking 'Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but that's been solved now because we have an advanced high-tech system in place. '" Larson agrees and adds, 44) "__________". Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway. 45) __________.[A] Smart highways are just one of the tools that we will use to deal with our traffic problems. It's not the solution itself, just part of the package. There are different strategies.[B] It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years. There has to be a big change.[C] It's taking advantage of the technology you use in your everyday lives and putting it to work on highways.[D] Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture. To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S. cities have simply built more roads.[E] The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system.[F] Smart highways that will allow a driver to program a destination on a dashboard computer, then sit back and enjoy the ride.[G] Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock. Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.

填空题The organization started a (nation) ______ campaign against cigarette smoking in public places.

填空题 Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with one worD、In each case, use the exact word that appears in your textbook. Usually at this point in your（1）to a new culture, you（2）some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called "（3）." This happens when you pretend that everything is（4）and that nothing（5）you. Another type of defense mechanism is called "regression." This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a chilD、You forget everything, and sometimes you become careless and（6）. The third kind of defense mechanism is called "isolation." You would rather be home alone, and you don't want to（7）with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least that's （8）you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it（9）you from those things that could really help you. The last type of defense mechanism is called "（10）." With this coping mechanism, you think you don't need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you don't try to ask for help.

填空题By 1727, no fewer than 14 types of submarines had been patented in England alone. In 1747 an ______ inventor proposed an ingenious method of submerging and returning to the surface. (identify)

填空题(While) experts in basic science are important, (skilled talents) should be the (overriding) majority since they are (at heavy demand) in the market.A. WhileB. skilled talentsC. overridingD. at heavy demand

填空题An organ (is) a group (of tissues) capable (to perform) some special function, as (for example), the heart, the liver, or the lungs.A. isB. of tissuesC. to performD. for example

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