填空题Please translate the following part into Chinese and write your Chinese version on the ANSWER SHEET．(西安交通大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语)A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England"s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. In a recent study, Stephen Saunders Webb has presented a formidable challenge to this view. According to Webb, England already had a military imperial policy for more than a century before the American Revolution. He sees Charles II, the English monarch between 1660 and 1685 , as the proper successor of the Tudor monarchs of the sixteenth century and of Oliver Cromwell, all of whom were bent on extending centralized executive power over England"s possessions through the use of what Webb calls "garrison government". Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority, in Webb"s view, belonged to the colonial governor, who was appointed by the king and supported by the "garrison" , that is, by the local contingent of English troops under the colonial governor"s command.

填空题What he wants to spell out in his book is the corruption of the rich and their ______ desire for more money and power. (satiate)

填空题A. Please tell her to he there on time.B. OK, dear.C. May I speak to Ann, please?D. Well, that's great.E. Who's that (speaking)?F. Can I take a message?G. we are going to plant trees.H. Here you are. Kate: Hello ! (56) Mrs. Read: I'm sorry. Ann isn't here right now. (57) Kate: This is Kate. Mrs. Read: She isn't hack yet. (58) Kate: That's very kind of you. I'm calling to ask her if she is free tomorrow. It's March 12th, Tree Planting Day tomorrow. And (59) Mrs. Read: I think she'll be very glad to join you. Kate: We'll meet at the school gate at 7:00. (60) Mrs. Read: OK. I'll let her know. Kate: Many thanks. Goodbye. Mrs. Read: Goodby

填空题[A] The Need for Science[B] The Methods of Science[C] The Challenge of Unsolved Problems[D] The Specific Features of the Laws of Science[E] The Steps in Establishing a Scientific Theory[F] The Rapid Increase of Scientific Knowledge It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it, and to find, if he is able, common factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows. He chooses, when he can, the method of the "controlled experiment".41.____________ In the course of his inquiries the scientist may find what he thinks is one common explanation for an increasing number of facts. The explanation, if it seems consistently to fit the various facts, is called a hypothesis. If a hypothesis continues to stand the test of numerous experiments and remains unshaken, it becomes a law.42.____________ The "laws" of science differ from the "laws" of a country in two ways. First, a scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying. This happens when a fact is discovered which seems to contradict what the "law" would lead one to expect. The "law" may, in fact, have to be abandoned altogether. Second, a scientific "law" says, "This is likely to be the explanation", or "This accounts for the facts as far as we know them". But the "law" of the country says, "You must...' or "You must not..." The scientific "law' has no moral force; it is not binding on human behavior nor approved or opposed by human conscience.43.____________ The evidence as to the vastness of the universe and the complexity of its arrangements continues to grow at an amazing rate. The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to diminish, but rather to increase with every new discovery. Fresh unexplored regions are forever opening out. The rapidity of the growth of scientific knowledge, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, is apt to give students and teachers the impression that no sooner is a problem stated than the answer is forthcoming. A more detailed study of the history of science corrects the impression that fundamental discoveries are made with dramatic suddenness. Even in our present age no less than fifty years separate the discovery of radioactivity from the explosion of the first atomic bomb. The teacher, giving his brief accounts of scientific discovery, is apt to forget the long periods of misunderstanding, of false hypotheses and general uncertainty, which almost invariably precede the clear statement of scientific truth.44.____________ The vast mass of information which scientists have gained has provided the answer to the fundamental questions which, through the centuries, have puzzled and sometimes tortured the human mind. There are many such questions. The study of parasites has provided evidence that organisms which could be self-supporting have become parasites, but hardly any light has been shed on the problem of why they should have done so. What enables an organism to respond to the poisonous secretions of harmful bacteria and organize its resources to defend its life?...45.____________ To raise the standard of living in any country, two things are required: scientific knowledge, and a population sufficiently educated to understand how to apply it. Without the latter, the expected benefits will not come.Notes: ado麻烦，忙乱。be binding on对......有约束力。parasite 寄生虫。shed light on 使某事物更清楚些。 secretion分泌物。

填空题As you crest a rise on Mississippi's Highway 63, just north of Pascagoula and the Gulf coast, the vista unfolds. A calm brown waterway flows beneath the bridge, interlaced with palm-treed fingers of land; a chaos of water towers, cranes and derricks is revealed in the distance. The near view gives the region its charm; the distant one sustains it. The oil industry and shipbuilding both thrive along the coast. (41) Signal International, a marine-fabrication firm, brought around 500 welders and pipe fitters from India—most of them from the southern state of Kerala, many of whom had laboured in various Arab Gulf states—to work in its shipyards in Pascagoula and Orange, Texas. The workers allege that they paid exorbitant sums to recruiters in India (up to $20,000), who promised them green cards. But once they arrived, they were harassed, intimidated and kept in cramped and isolated conditions. (42) (43) They, like the Indians, were brought to America on H-2B visas, given for temporary employment in non-agricultural fields. Like much of America's rickety immigration system, the H-2B programme draws scorn from all sides. Companies in such industries as forestry and fisheries depend heavily on guest workers. But since 1990 the H-2B has been capped at a paltry 66,000 a year. Even with exemptions for workers who extend their visas, that cap has been hit every year but one. In 2008 American companies requested nearly 294,000 H-2Bs. Unions, for their part, fret that guest workers take jobs from willing Americans, as well as driving down wages and benefits. And immigrant-rights advocates point to the potential for abuse inherent in the programme. (44) Their visas are tied to their jobs, which deters complaint. Mary Bauer, the legal director of the Southern Poverty Law Centre, a civil-rights programme that has represented numerous H-2B plaintiffs (including the Indian workers suing Signal), says that temporary workers appeal to employers because "they cannot work for anybody else. They have to accept any terms imposed on them. They have to borrow a substantial amount of money to get here, and almost anything asked of them they feel obligated to tolerate and do. " Things may be getting better. In February Superior Forestry Service, which provides the forest industry with immigrant workers, agreed to a $2.75m settlement in a suit brought by 2,200 workers who claimed they were short-changed on wages (the company denies malfeasance). (45) It won't make everyone happy, but at least it should make some people a bit less unhappy. A. Although temporary agricultural workers are guaranteed housing, travel expenses, firm hours of work and access to lawyers, H-2B visa-holders are promised only prevailing local wages. B. They are now suing both Signal and the recruiters, who are also being sued by Signal—which claims that they misled the company as well as the workers. C. Furthermore, for American corporations, the more workers from overseas they possess, the more benefits they get. D. But the population has waned, displaced by hurricanes, so companies must look elsewhere for their workers. The results are not always happy ones. E. However, less workers are needed in some corporations, such as forestry and fisheries that have enough staff from immigrants. F. And in December 2009 Bernie Sanders, a senator from Vermont, introduced a bill that would provide guest workers with travel expenses and access to lawyers, regulate foreign recruiters and prevent companies that have massively laid off local staff from hiring immigrants. G. Just west of Pascagoula, in Gulfport, a group of Brazilian welders and pipe fitters have made similar allegations against another marine-fabrication firm.

填空题What is (21) that a teacher most wants in his students? Attentiveness? A good memory? Diligence? Certainly these are the qualities commonly (22) with "good students" in the (23) mind. And certainly, too, these are the qualities that most (24) to teachers' comfort. But the best students I ever had, (25) I remember the most wistfully, was a talkative, lazy day-dreamer. Sometimes he turned assignments in (26) , and a few he never (27) around to doing at all. Actually, my admiration for him was ironic, (28) I have never liked the name Ronald, (29) suggests to me the assumed name of a movie star. But he made one whole year of my (30) experience a delight.

填空题Tom: I'm afraid I can't accept your invitation. Mike: Oh, ______! I'm so sorry.

填空题Marine losses can be divided into ______ and ______.

填空题The biggest(A) problem is that couples assume(B) each other know(C) what si going on with their finances(D),but they don’t.

填空题A.Indeed,suchcollaborationsattheinstitutionallevelmustbeginwithstrongerinteractionbetweentheofficesthathaveoversightofresearchandinternationalaffairs.Universityresearchandinternationalofficescanpartneronincentivesandproceduralchanges(e.g.internationaltravelawards,promotionandtenureguidelinesthatencourageoutreach,etc.)aswellaslobbyfederalagenciestoprovidemorefundingformulti-institutionalcollaborativeprojects.Theseofficescanalsohelpstrategicallymapandforecastemergingresearchfields;identifygapsinexpertise,instrumentation,andresources;findforeignpartnersthatcancomplementinstitutionalprioritiesandstrengths,includingsharingofhigh-technologyequipment;facilitateinterdisciplinaryconnections;andpromotetargeteddomesticandinternationalinstitutional,multidisciplinary,andmultilaterallinkages.B.Forexample,newgenerationinfluenzavaccinesarosefromcollaborationsbetweenUSandJapanesepharmaceuticalcompanies;informationtechnologyandcybersecuritytoolsweredevelopedbytheUSDepartmentofDefensewithinternationalallies;andcleanenergyandlowcarbontechnologiesfromjointworkbyaconsortiumofUSandChineseuniversities,nationallaboratories,andprivatesectorcompanies.C.InorderforUSresearchuniversitiestoremaincompetitiveintoday'sknowledge-and-innovation-drivenglobaleconomy,itisessentialtoexpandresearchandscholarlycollaborationsandforgepartnershipsinternationally.Inrecentyears,thevalueofinternationalcollaborationhasbeenincreasinglyemphasizedbyfederalagencies,includingtheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),whichnowencouragesmorecross-bordercooperationinscience,technology,andeducation.D.ThedecreaseinUS-basedglobalcollaborationsshouldconcernourscienceandtechnologypolicymakersandinstitutionalleaders.Suchworldlypartnershipsareessentialforproducingthebestscienceandremainingcompetitiveintheglobalscientificcommunity.Anyoneuniversitycannotsustainbroadexpertiseandinfrastructureinalldisciplinaryareas.Inadditiontodomesticcollaborations,transnationalpartnershipscanalsoprovideopportunitiesforgreaterresearchsynergiesandcomplementarities.Thesecollaborationsalsoincreasethebreadthofscientificinquiryandhaveacceleratedthecommercializationofresearcharoundtheglobe.E.Someuniversitiesalreadyoffersuchservices,andthesupporthasresultedinnewinternationalresearchtravelawards,targetedworkshops,intra-institutionalandtransnationalinterdisciplinarycollaborations.Clearly,newuniversityorganizationalandoperationalinstitutionsthatpromoteinternationalcollaborationcanhelpadvanceresearchproductivityandimpact,andareneededtocomplementnationalandinternationalinitiatives.F.However,the2012NSFreporthighlightedsomeconcerns.Asindicatedinthereport,twodirectmeasuresofinternationalcollaborationarecoauthorshipofresearchpublicationswithforeignresearchersandco-patentswithforeigninventors.Overthepastdecade,thenumberofpaperspublishedbyUSresearcherswithinternationalcollaboratorshasremainedrelativelyfiat,increasingonlyat1-2percenteachyear.Furthermore,thetotalnumberofpatentsfiledjointlyunderthePatentCooperationTreatybyUSandforeigninventorsin2010was5,440,a6percentdecreaseovertheprevious3years.G.Withoutadoubt,strongrelationshipsbetweenindividualresearchersarethemostcommonandstrongestindicatorofproductivity.Scientistsidentifycolleagueswithwhomtheywouldliketowork,andthesefriendshipstranslateintolong-termcollaborations,studentexchanges,andscientificandcreativeoutputs.Forexample,amongWSU'stop20researchers,16haveextensiveinternationalcollaborations,with32percentoftheirpeer-reviewedpublicationsbeinginternationallycoauthored.Butuniversitiescanalsoplayabiggerroleinpromotinginternationalresearchpartnerships.Order:

填空题In Chicago, a computerized system has been developed that controls traffic in the city"s seven on expressways now, one man—a controller—can follow the movement of Chicago"s traffic as looking at a set of lights. 1 The system uses electronic sensors that is built into each 2 expressway, half a mile each apart. Several times 3 a second, the computer receives information for each 4 sensor and translates it into green, yellow, or red lights in a map in the control room. 5 A green light means traffic is moving forty-five to sixty miles an hour, yellow means heavy traffic-cars stopping still or moving less than thirty miles an hour. 6 "See that red light near Austin Avenue?" the controller asked a visitor, "That"s a repair truck fix the 7 road, and the traffic has to go near it." 8 At the Roosevelt road entrance to the expressway, the light kept changing from green to red and back to green also. "A lot of trucks get on the expressway 9 there." the controller explained, "They can"t speed forward as fast as cars." 10 The sensors show immediately where an accident or a stopped car is blocking traffic, and a truck is sent by radio to clear the road. The system has lowered accidents by 18 percent. There are now 1.4 deaths on Chicago"s expressways for each one hundred million miles traveled, while nationally there are 2.6.

填空题Translating the following into English．(北京航空航天大学2013研，考试科目：综合英语) 首先是各种物质运动形式中的矛盾，都带特殊性.人的认识物质，就是认识物质的运动形式，因为除了运动的物质以外，世界上什么也没有，而物质的运动则必取一定的形式。对于物质的每一种运动形式，必须注意它和其他各种运动形式的共同点。但是，尤其重要的，成为我们认识事物的基础的东西，则是必须注意它的特殊点，就是说，注意它和其他运动形式的质的区别。只有注意了这一点，才有可能区别事物。任何运动形式，其内部都包含着本身特殊的矛盾。这种特殊的矛盾，就构成一事物区别于他事物的特殊的本质。这就是世界上诸种事物所以有千差万别的内在的原因，或者叫做根据。

填空题Henry: How are you getting along with your translation?Alice: ____________

填空题[A]Hereisaguidelinetoevaluateyourcurrentposture.Stepinfrontofamirrorandobservethefollowing:Areyoushouldersparalleltothefloororaretheyinclinedtoanyside?Theyhavetobeparalleltothefloorandatthesamelevel.Isyourchinparalleltothefloor?Thechinhastobeparalleltothefloor.Areyourearsinlinewithyourshoulders?Thishelpstokeeptheheadintherightplace.Areyourkneesstraightorareyoulockingthemback?Thekneesshouldberelaxedandcentered,notforward,andnotlocked-onattheback.[B]Onceyoudeterminetheproblemwithyourposturethatiswhatyouneedtoworkon.Trytocorrectittogettherightposture,youcandoafewthingsyourselfandalsouseachiropractor.Itwilltakepractice.Youprobablyhavehadmanyyearsofbadposture;soitwilltaketimetomakethenewpositionsahabit.Practiceandpracticeeverytimeyourememberandholdtherightpositionaslongasyoucan.[C]Ifwedonothavegoodposture,weputmoreweightinsomejointsandmusclesthanothersandthiscausespain.Badpostureaffectsyourhealth,generalwellbeing,andyourappearance.Ifyoudonothaveperfectpostureyoucanimproveit.Itrequirespractice,butitisworthit.[D]Isyourheadrelaxed,centered,andheldback(earsovershoulders)?Ifyourheadisforward,backwardortiltedtoanysideitisbadposture.Doyouhaveanarconyourchest?Thechesthastobeerect,centerandaslightlyuplifted.Areyouarchingyourbackforwardorback?Thereisanarchinthebackbutisrelativelymoderate.Ifyourslookbigger,youneedtocorrectyourposture.Areyourhipsatthesameleveloroneishigherthantheother?Theyhavetobeatthesamelevel.Areyouranklesstraight?Theyhavetobe.[E]Thebestthingtodowhenyouexperiencelowerbackpainorotherpainwhencorrectingyourpostureistogotoadoctororachiropractortoeliminatethepossibilityofanyotherhealthproblems.However,ifyoucannotgo,youmaytrytostrengthenyouabdominalmuscles.Thesemusclesaretheonesthathelpustokeepstraightandup.Youcanstrengthenthesemuscleswithabdominalexercises.Thesameexercisesyoudototightenyourtummy:crunches.[F]Yogaandballetexercisesareprobablythebestwaytoimproveyourposturebecausetheyworkthemusclesthatsufferthemostfrompoorposture.Swimmingisalsoagreatoption.[G]Thinkaboutonephysicalattributethatallmodelsandmostcelebritieshaveincommon.Youneverhaveseenanybodyontheredcarpetwalkingwithaslouchedback.Thesepeopleknowhowtowalk:theyhavegoodposture.Thisarticlediscusseshowtohaveagoodposture.Manyofusspendlonghoursatourdeskandforgetaboutgoodposture.Goodpostureisimportantnotonlyforappearance,butalsoforhealthreasons.Order:

填空题6．You should review your situation, think about changes, look ______ the past and present before you revise your plans for your future.

填空题British novel came of age in_____.

填空题If you do something wrong, you are sure ______ (punish)

填空题They vote their political hunches to protect their political hides.

填空题 Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C， and D on ANSWER SHEET 1 （10 points） By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million __1__ of these nations looked __2__ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism， many of the leaders of independence __3__ the ideas of representative government， careers __4__ to talent， freedom of commerce and trade， the __5__ to private property， and a belief in the individual as the basis of society， __6__ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states， large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a __7__ set of laws. On the issue of __8__ of religion and the position of the church，__9__ ，there was less agreement __10__ the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one __11__ by the Spanish crown，__12__ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism __13__ the official religion of the new states， some sought to end the __14__ of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying __15__ for the conservative forces. The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian， valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had __16__ in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's __17__ colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much __18__ because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies __19__ Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was __20__ self-rule and democracy. 1. A) natives　 B) inhabitants　 C) peoples 　D) individuals 2. A) confusedly　 B) cheerfully　 C) worriedly 　D) hopefully 3. A) shared　 B) forgot 　C) attained 　D) rejected 4. A) related　 B) close 　C) open 　D) devoted 5. A) access　 B) succession　 C) right　 D) return 6. A) Presumably 　B) Incidentally 　C) Obviously　 D) Generally 7. A) unique　 B) common 　C) particular　 D) typical 8. A) freedom 　B) origin　 C) impact　 D) reform 9. A) therefore　 B) however 　C) indeed　 D) moreover 10. A) with　 B) about　 C) among　 D) by 11. A) allowed　 B) preached　 C) granted 　D) funded 12. A) Since　 B) If　 C) Unless　 D) While 13. A) as　 B) for　 C) under　 D) against 14. A) spread　 B) interference　 C) exclusion 　D) influence 15. A) support　 B) cry 　C) plea　 D) wish 16. A) urged　 B) intended　 C) expected　 D) promised 17. A) controlling　 B) former　 C) remaining　 D) original 18. A) slower 　B) faster 　C) easier 　D) tougher 19. A) created　 B) produced　 C) contributed 　D) preferred 20. A) puzzled by 　B) hostile to 　C) pessimistic about 　D) unprepared for