填空题Most people can identify their top priority at work. Generally, it will be the part of the job that is most productive for their employer: for a merger and acquisitions banker, it could be landing a big deal for a client; for a lorry driver, the punctual delivery of an important consignment; for a hospital doctor or nurse, giving vital treatment to a patient. But every job is ringed with secondary tasks—the routine but critical stuff covered by codes and guidelines. If such chores are neglected, the consequences may undermine overall success. New research suggests tired workers in demanding jobs start giving up doing those small, but vital, tasks remarkably quickly. Peter Thiel, the entrepreneur, wrote in the FT last week that computers "excel at efficient data processing but struggle to make basic judgments". In other words, humans are not redundant. But the flesh-and-blood workers who remain now have greater responsibility for more important tasks. If companies pile more work on to them, these weary employees could inadvertently plunge them into disaster. It is a truism that a tired worker is less productive than a fresh one. But researchers at Wharton business schools have shown that compliance with routine tasks can fall away within one heavy shift. Their study"s focus was hand hygiene, healthcare"s mundane but powerful weapon against cross-infection. Such is the importance of sanitisation—when done thoroughly, it can reduce infection by the MRSA "superbug" by 95 per cent—that hospitals have started to monitor compliance, using electronic tags in sanitisers and workers" badges. Each time a member of staff skips the sanitiser, the omission is logged. The extraordinarily rich anonymised information from such a system is a treasure trove for big data researchers such as Wharton"s Katherine Milkman. Analysing 13.8 million "unique hand hygiene opportunities" for more than 4,000 staff at 35 hospitals, she and her co-authors found that over a 12-hour shift compliance by an average staff member fell by 8.5 percentage points. Lax handwashing, they suggest, could be costing $25 billion annually in treatment of unnecessary infection in the US—and leading to 70,000 needless deaths. As Prof Milkman explained to me last week, the fact that intense work makes it harder to do less important tasks could have profound implications in other walks of life. The study points out that "these deviations pose a threat to the wellbeing of organisations, employees and clients, because such violations can reduce the quality of products produced and services provided as well as creating an unsafe work environment". Suddenly, it is a little clearer why the exhausted M&A banker skips parts of the ethical code her bank insists on, or why the tired lorry driver jumps the lights to make it to the depot on time. The work could offer clues about how to make sure the steeplejack always checks his harness, even on the final ascent of the skyscraper, and the weary journalist reads through her story for possible errors on deadline. A. humans are not needed any more in computer age. B. the abundant anonymised information from the system. C. weary workers are likely to stop doing small but important things. D. intense work makes it harder to do some important work. E. how to make people reduce mistakes in routine work. F. the efficiency of workers will fall away in a heavy shift. G. tired workers could inadvertently plunge their company into disaster.

填空题All of them stared at him carefully, as though______(try) to understand something.

填空题Before ______，the postman had disappeared around the comer． 还没等我说“谢谢”，邮递员已经消失在拐弯处了。

填空题{{U}}Whatever you decide to take up{{/U}}, you should try to make it a success.

填空题totalitarianism

填空题International competitive bidding includes ______ and limited bidding.

填空题To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting.

填空题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} Lewis Thomas was born in 1913 in Flushing, New York to a family physician and his nurse wife. He was fascinated by his father's profession, and it became a baseline for his later understanding of the dramatic changes, not always good ones in his opinion, in the practice of medicine in the twentieth century. He entered Princeton at 15 where he was an average student, but he developed an interest in poetry and literary humor, writing much "good bad verse," as he described it, for the Princeton Tiger, which showed primarily his sense of humor about undergraduate life but no particular interest in the natural world. He was admitted to Harvard Medical School in 1933, at the time when medicine was changing dramatically into a clinical science and antibiotics would soon be developed. During his internship at Boston City Hospital he supported himself by donating blood and publishing a dozen poems in the Atlantic Monthly, Harper's Bazaar, and the Saturday Evening Post.{{U}} (71) {{/U}}He completed a residency in neurology at the Columbia Presbyterian Medieal Center and married Beryl Dawson, whom he later called his editorial collaborator, in 1941. He began his medical career as research fellow in neurology at the Thorndike Memorial Laboratories. He was called for service in 1942 with the Naval Reserve as a medical researcher assigned to the Pacific.{{U}} (72) {{/U}}His developing interest in immunological defense mechanisms became the base of his later research; he would later write a long essay on it, "On Disease," in The Medusa and the Snail. In 1948 Thomas went to Tulane University as a researcher in microbiology and immunology. He was noted for his creativity and ability to generate original hypotheses.{{U}} (73) {{/U}}He became head of the pathology department at New York University Medical School in 1954, where over the next fifteen years he helped transform immunology into a clinical science and built unusually collaborative and interdisciplinary research teams. He would also chair the Department of Medicine at Bellevue Hospital.{{U}} (74) {{/U}}However, he never abandoned his clinical and research concerns, and moved to Yale in 1969 to continue research in the pathogenesis of mycoplasma diseases. In 1971, while Thomas was chairman of the Department of Pathology at the Yale Medical School, his friend Dr. Franz Ingelfinger, the editor Of the New England Journal of Medicine, asked him to write a monthly essay, called "Notes of a Biology Watcher." Each essay would be about 1,000 words, firing a page of the Journal; there would be no pay, but there would also be no editing of his work.{{U}} (75) {{/U}} A. Lewis Thomas died in 1993 after a life of remarkable accomplishment. B. After the war he went to Johns Hopkins to practice pediatrics and conduct research on rheumatic fever. C. He became Dean of the NYU School of Medicine, beginning an administrative career. D. Most of these lyrical poems were about medical experiences, death, and war. E. In 1950 he joined the University of Minnesota to continue his research on rheumatic fever. F. That was a deal that Thomas said he could not resist.

填空题A. When is it taking place B. Yes, I can make it C. I have some input I'd like to make D. Is that OK E. Yes, he'll be here F. I won't be able to attend G. No, he's flying to San Francisco H. He's got keen insights Alice: We're having a meeting tomorrow. Can you make it? Kevin: (56) ? Alice: We're planning on 10 o'clock. (57) ? Kevin：Yes，that’ll be fine． Alice：We’re going to go over last quarter’s sales figures． Kevin：Good． (58) ． Alice：Frank is also going to make some suggestions on improving the bottom line． Kevin：That’ll be interesting． (59) ． Alice：Yes，he’s going to outline some new sales strategies． Kevin：Is Alan attending? Alice： (60) and won’t be able to make it． Kevin：Oh well，maybe he’ll phone in．

填空题The present system of the ______derives mainly from one developed in the 1920s by the British phonetician, Daniel Jones (1881—1967) , and his colleagues at University of London. (中山大学2008研)

填空题CFR Ex Ships-Hold means that the ______ shall bear the expenses for slinging up the goods from the hold to the dock.

填空题Gifts giving is according to different cultures. Today let"s see business gifts 【M1】______giving in the U. K. Giving gifts is a normal part of British business culture. 【M2】______indeed, British business colleagues are quite likely to feel embarrassing to 【M3】______receive any gift at all. The only duty may be at the conclusion of a deal 【M4】______when it might be appropriate to give a unique commemorative item to have 【M5】______the occasion. Small gifts such as inscribed pens or books, would suitable 【M6】______tokens of genuine gratitude, and flowers or wine or champagne suffice to thank junior colleaguesfor their services. Do not, however, appear patronizing or undue forward, 【M7】______especially if the recipient is a woman. Alternatively it will often be appreciated if you invite your hosts, or others you wish to think, out for a meal or to the theater or opera. 【M8】______Business gifts are never exchanged at Christmas but it may be appropriate to send a card, particularly as an express of thanks to your business associates but also 【M9】______as means of maintaining valuable contacts. Bear in mind the that U. K postal service was founded at about the same time as the old railway, so much that your cards are mailed 【M10】______in good time.

填空题They are proud their son has won the first prize in the physics ______ (compete).

填空题After he lost his life for the country, people ______(carvings) his name in stone to remember him.

填空题 When people try to remember things, there is a tendency to omit, ____, and add details.

填空题Henry: How long are you planning to stay?Ann: ______

填空题The development of writing was one of the great human inventions. It is difficult (51) many people to imagine language without writing; the spoken word seems intricately tied to the written (52) . But children speak (53) they learn to write. And millions of people in the world speak languages with (54) written form. Among these people oral literature abounds, and crucial knowledge (55) memorized and passed (56) generations. But human memory is short-lived, and the brain's storage capacity is finite. (57) overcame such problems and allowed communication across the miles (58) through the years and centuries. Writing permits a society (59) permanently record its poetry, its history and its technology. It might be argued (60) today we have electronic means of recording sound and (61) to produce films and television, and thus writing is becoming obsolete. (62) writing became extinct, there would be no knowledge of electronics (63) TV technicians to study; there would be, in fact, little technology in years to (64) . There would be no film or TV scripts, no literature, no books, no mails, no newspapers, no science. There would be (65) advantages: no bad novels, junk mails, poison-pen letters, or "unreadable" income-tax forms, but the losses would outweigh the (66) . There are almost as (67) legends and stories on the invention of writing as there are (68) the origin of language. Legend has it that Cadmus, Prince of Phoenicia and founder of the city of Thebes, (69) the alphabet and brought it with him to Greece. In one Chinese fable the four-eyed dragon-god T'sang Chien invented writing. In (70) myths, the Babylonian god Nebo and the Egyptian god Thoth gave humans writing as well as speech.

填空题The weather is not as cold as you think . So I don"t think the ice is thick enough to walk on it . A. as you think B. think C. enough D. walk on it