阅读理解Text Three Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen

阅读理解Passage G In some ways the employment interview is like a persuasive speech because the applicant (interviewee) seeks to persuade the employer (interviewer) to employ him or her

阅读理解If you‟ve ever been on a jury, you might have noticed that a funny thing happens the minute you get behind closed doors

阅读理解 Here is a shaming statistic: divide the US by race, sex and county of residence, and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged look like denizens of a poor African country: a boy born on a Native American reservation in Jackson County, South Dakota, for example, will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday. A typical child in Senegal can expect to live longer than that. America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations, health inequalities based on race, sex and class exist in most societies—and are only partly explained by access to healthcare. But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail (开创), after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city's black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity, so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively. We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder, thanks to pioneering studies of British civil servants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London. What's exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation. Encouraged by the US National Institutes Health, similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health, in populations ranging from urban black men to white poor women in rural Appalachia. To realize the full potential of such projects, biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a 'soft science' with little that's serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle—fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics, or crude race-based medicine. It's time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society's most deprived members. More important, it's time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications, not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites, rich and poor.

阅读理解(2) Im a 21-year-old black born to a family that would probably be considered lower-middle classwhich in my mind is a polite way of describing a condition only slightly better than poverty

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You shoulddeicide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Passage Two“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, andjudgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too muchimportance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to myopinion as you to yours,” and “‘Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,” are common expressions. In fact,anyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition ofopinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend ‘‘What do you think of the new Fordcars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant tochallenge his statement, but foolish. For it’s obvious that by opinion he means his personalpreference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, ‘‘It’s pointless to argue about matters oftaste.”But consider this very different use of the term. A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court hasdelivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not shale their personalpreferences, their mere likes and dislikes. They stated their considered judgment, painstakinglyarrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not anexpression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view orbelief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are freeto act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.

阅读理解Passage Four: Questions are based on the following passage

阅读理解DHave a great interest in the oceans? Now you can follow Blue Planet II and take a journey to the Earth's oceans. Blue Planet II is a British nature documentary series produced by the BBC Natural History Unit.“I am truly excited to be joining this new exploration of the underwater world , which covers most of our planet." says 91-year-old Sir David Atten borough, the father of natural history TV, who returns as the teller, “The oceans are the most exciting place to be right now. because new scientific discoveries have given us new world of life underwater."The BBC spent four years filming on every continent and in every ocean. I will take you to the deepest but least known parts of our planet. I's said that 95% of the world's oceans are unknown. You will be surprised at seeing a dolphin spitting water, a fish that uses,tools, and a hairy Hoff craB、 The documentary will also take a close 1ook at underwater volcanoes(火山).However, you'll feel sad when you see these scenes: mother dolphins feeding their babies with dirt through their milk; man made noise drowning out the natural sounds, which animals use to communicate. Many creatures are trying hard for their lives.Blue Planet II not only provides us with a great chance to enjoy sea animals, but also reminds us that this is the right moment for the health of the world's oceans.51. Blue Planet II is a documentary series about______.

阅读理解CWhen I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London? 

阅读理解 How long is too long for young adults to live at home after college? In a recent survey by TD Ameritrade, teenagers on average said it would become embarrassing to still be living at home at age 26. Young adults aging 20 to 26—probably because they've already been out in the real world—thought the cutoff should be 28. But 27 percent of those surveyed said they wouldn't be ashamed to be living at home even in their thirties or so. Here's the reality: Nearly half of post-college millennials have moved back home. Wages are stagnant, and many graduates with debt find it's hard to live on their own. Survey participants said their debt is causing them to delay saving for retirement, buying a home, getting married and having children. Twenty percent said the education they received wasn't worth the debt they accumulated. 'In many cases, people view young adults moving back home as a sign that they were lazy or not doing things 'right,'' said J.J. Kinahan, chief strategist at TD Ameritrade. 'But many people doing it are being fiscally responsible.' I've long advocated for young adults graduating with burdensome debt to move back home if they can. I'll go even further. College graduates should make every effort to find a job in the area where their parents live or another relative or friend is nearby. And in exchange for rent-free living, they should pledge to extinguish as much of their student-loan debt as they can. You may think that living at home is an improper failure to launch or that it delays the all-important lesson of learning to be independent. But may I suggest we all make an effort to remove the stigma of young adults returning home as a financial embarrassment? It is not, especially if parents allowed or encouraged a student to attend a college that necessitated some heavy borrowing. Soon-to-be graduates often ask me for advice on how to pay off their student loans. Some don't even know how much they owe. But they know it's more than they can comfortably handle on their starting salaries. What they're really asking for is a miracle. They ask hoping there's some get-out-of-debt-free card. Although there is a public service debt forgiveness program for borrowers working for the government or a not-for-profit group, the vast majority of borrowers won't get the relief they seek.

阅读理解For many of us, asking for help is a difficult concept

阅读理解If you cross the ocean going east, you set your clock______ 

阅读理解PASSAGE TWO (1) There was something in the elderly womans behavior that caught my eye

阅读理解 Violent criminals with something to hide have more reason than ever to be paranoid about a tap on the shoulder which could send them to jail. Queensland police are working through a backlog of unsolved murders with some dramatic success. Greater cooperation between the public and various law enforcement agencies is playing a role, but new genetic-testing techniques are the real key to providing the vital evidence to mount a prosecution. Evidence left behind at the scene of any murder is guaranteed to outlive the person who left it. A blood, saliva or tissue sample in the size of a pin, kept dry and out of sunlight, will last several thousand years. From it, scientific analysis now can tell accurately the sex of the person who left it. When matched against a sample from a crime suspect, it can indicate with million-to-one certainty whether the samples come from the same source. Only twins share identical DNA. So precise is the technology if the biological parents of a suspect agree to provide a sample, forensic scientists can work out the rest for themselves without cooperation from the suspect. Queensland forensic scientists have been using the DNA testing technology since 1992, and last year they were recognized internationally for their competence in positive individual identification. That is part of the reason 20 of Queensland's most puzzling unsolved murders dating to 1932 are being ac timely investigated. There also have been several recent arrests for unsolved murders. Forensic evidence was instrumental in charges being laid over the bashing death of waitress Tasha Douty on Brampton Island in 1983. Douty's blood-splattered, naked body was found on a nude sunbathing beach at Dinghy Bay on the island. Footprints in the sand indicated that the killer had grappled with the 21-year-old mother who had fled up the beach before being caught and beaten to death. According to Leo Freney, the supervising forensic scientist at the John Tonge Centre at Brisbane's Griffith University, DNA testing has become an invaluable tool for police, its use is in identifying and rejecting suspects. In fact, he says, it eliminates more people than it convicts. ' It is easily as good as fingerprints for the purpose of identification, ' he says. 'In the case of violent crime it is better than fingerprints. You can't innocently explain things like blood and semen at a crime scene where you may be able to innocently explain fingerprints. ' In Queensland, a person who has been arrested on suspicion of an offence can be taken before a magistrate and ordered to provide a sample of body fluid by :force if necessary.

阅读理解Passage 3 Unlike written language, speech itself was not a technology devised to overcome human limitations in the face of social and environmental changes

阅读理解President Coolidges statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an importanttruth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind oforganization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competitionthan other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress andprosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is notonly good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom,equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power.In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits.Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competingbusiness which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customersdollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is amonopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive offreedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and businessleaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important as, or even moreimportant than, democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity.Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless ofhis or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the Americanalternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expressionof the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.

阅读理解Passage Six The use of animals to better understand human anatomy and human disease is a centuries-old practice

阅读理解Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs

阅读理解The MIT Sloan School of Management strongly believes that its purpose is to give students the toolsthey will need to be effective change agents in the rest of their careers. To do this it is necessary tostart off with an understanding of the essential driving forces that will be forcing organizations tochange. Change is not random, there are underlying processes. Three central driving forces—thegrowth of the world economy, the changing nature of the work force, and the arrival of genuinetechnological competition—are now at work.The globalization of the world capital markets that has occurred in the past 20 years will bereplicated right across the economy in the next decade. The need to produce goods and services atquality levels previously thought impossible to obtain in mass production and the spreading use ofparticipatory management techniques will require a work force with much higher levels of educationand skills. Managers are increasingly shifting from a “don’t think, do what you are told” to a “think,I am not going to tell you what to do” style of management.To be on top of this situation, tomorrow’s managers will have to have a strong background inorganizational psychology, human relations, and labor economics. The MIT Sloan School ofManagement attempts to advance our understanding in these areas through research and then quicklybrings the fruits of this new research to our students so that they can be leading-edge managers whenit comes to the human side of the equation.What this means is that American managers have to understand the forces of, technical change inways that were not necessary in the past. Conversely, managers from the rest of the world know thatit is now possible for them to dominate their American competitor if they understand the forces oftechnical change better than their American competitors do.In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functionaltasks within the firm. If they don’t understand what is going on and technology effectively becomesa black box, they will fail to make the changes that those who do understand what is going on insidethe black box make. They will be losers, not winners.

阅读理解Passage 1 I used to look at my closet and see clothes