填空题 Cloze (15 minutes) 。Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. In 1915 Einstein made a trip to G ttingen to give some lectures at the invitation of the mathematical physicist David Hilbert. He was particularly eager—too eager, it would turn (62)—to explain all the intricacies of relativity to him. The visit was a triumph, and he said to a friend excitedly, “I was able to (63) Hilbert of the general theory of relativity. ” (64) all of Einstein’s personal turmoil（焦躁）at the time, a new scientific anxiety was about to (65). He was struggling to find the right equations that would (66) his new concept of gravity, (67) that would define how objects move (68) space and how space is curved by objects. By the end of the summer, he (69) the mathematical approach he had been (70) for almost three years was flawed. And now there was a (71) pressure. Einstein discovered to his (72) that Hilbert had taken what he had learned from Einstein’s lectures and was racing to come up (73) the correct equations first.It was an enormously complex task. Although Einstein was the better physicist, Hilbert was the better mathematician. So in October 1915 Einstein (74) himself into a month-long frantic endeavor in (75) he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy and wrestled with equations, proofs, corrections and updates that he (76) to give as lectures to Berlin’s Prussian Academy of Sciences on four (77) Thursdays.His first lecture was delivered on Nov. 4. 1915, and it explained his new approach, (78) he admitted he did not yet have the precise mathematical formulation of it. Einstein also took time off from (79) revising his equations to engage in an awkward fandango (方丹戈双人舞)with his competitor Hilbert. Worried (80) being scooped（抢先），he sent Hilbert a copy of his Nov. 4 lecture. “I am (81) to know whether you will take kindly to this new solution, ”Einstein noted with a touch of defensiveness. 62.A) up B) over C) out D) off 63.A) convince B) counsel C) persuade D) preach 64.A)Above B)Around C)Amid D)Along 65.A) emit B) emerge C) submit D) submerge 66.A) imitate B) ignite C) describe D) ascribe 67.A) ones B) those C) all D) none 68.A) into B) beyond C) among D) through 69.A) resolved B) realized C) accepted D) assured 70.A) pursuing B) protecting C) contesting D) contending 71.A) complex B) compatible C) comparative D) competitive 72.A) humor B) horror C) excitement D) extinction 73.A) to B) for C) with D) against 74.A) threw B) thrust C) huddled D) hopped 75.A) how B) that C) what D) which 76.A) dashed B) darted C) rushed D) reeled 77.A) successive B) progressive C) extensive D) repetitive 78.A) so B) since C) though D) because 79.A) casually B) coarsely C) violently D) furiously 80.A) after B) about C) on D) in 81.A) curious B) conscious C) ambitious D) ambiguous

填空题The program is a telling sign of priorities for the country to alter the con______ from health issues to environment issues.

填空题When two words are c______ antonyms, one always presupposes the other.

填空题 Many countries will not allow cigarette advertising in their newspapers or on TV especially since the advertisements are usually written with young, people in mind. In{{U}} (51) {{/U}}of advertising, the tobacco companies have begun to sponsor sports events. They give money to football, motor racing, tennis and a{{U}} (52) {{/U}}of other sports on condition{{U}} (53) {{/U}}the name of the cigarette is mentioned. This is now causing concern, because it does exactly{{U}} (54) {{/U}}many ads tried to do—suggest that{{U}} (55) {{/U}}has some relation with being strong and athletic. In all this, the point of view of the non-smoking has to be considered, as{{U}} (56) {{/U}}: "I wish the smokers would stop{{U}} (57) {{/U}}the air. I wish I could eat in a restaurant{{U}} (58) {{/U}}having to smell cigarette smoke." It has been calculated that, in a room{{U}} (59) {{/U}}a large number of people are smoking, a{{U}} (60) {{/U}}will breathe in the equivalent of two or three cigarettes during an evening. In fact, non-smokers are now a majority in many western countries. More and more people are giving{{U}} (61) {{/U}}the habit, discouraged by high prices, influenced by anti-smoking advertising—or just aware that smoking is no{{U}} (62) {{/U}}really a polite thing to do. Faced{{U}} (63) {{/U}}lower sales, the western tobacco companies have begun to look for markets outside their own countries. They have begun{{U}} (64) {{/U}}campaigns to persuade young people in developing countries{{U}} (65) {{/U}}smoking American or British or French cigarettes is a sophisticated western habit, {{U}}(66) {{/U}}they should copy. As a{{U}} (67) {{/U}}more and more young people are spending the little money they have{{U}} (68) {{/U}}a product which the West recognizes as{{U}} (69) {{/U}}and no longer wants. The high number of young smokers in India, in South America and in South-East Asia will be{{U}} (70) {{/U}}of tomorrow's problems.

填空题American writers and painters no longer sit at the feet of Europeans.

填空题In linguistics, ______refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研)

填空题Please be more ______ (attention) to your-studies.

填空题Letter One Feb. 9, 2015 Dear Mr. Li, We were very happy to receive your inquiry concerning our new history series, which is a four-volume text printed in both hard-cover and paper-back editions. We have mailed today under separate cover a paper-back set and the price information for both editions. Your school is eligible(符合要求的) for our standard 20% school discount(折扣). 25% is allowed for all buyers over one thousand copies. Please let us know your decision as soon as possible so that the books can be delivered well in advance of the new school year. Thank you. Yours very truly, (Signature) Textbook Department Williams Foster, Manager Letter Two May 2, 2015 Dear Mr. Foster, Your reply and books came to hand last week. Our history teachers carefully studied and reviewed your books and compared them with other series of the same kind. I am hereby entrusted to place an order for 50 sets of your four-volume series entitled "A General History of the World" and priced 16 dollars and 50 cents. Please see to it that the books are delivered to our school before the end of July. The bill should be mailed to the financial office of our school. Thank you. Very truly yours, (Signature) The Peace Middle School Li Ming, Dean

填空题Ideally, the teacher-student relationship at universities is characterized (51) trust. The "honor system," imposed by the teacher and the university, demands that the student (52) honest in all areas of school work. Thus, (53) on tests, plagiarizing in written work, presenting others' ideas as original, and (54) in homework completed by someone are all prohibited. Violation of the honor system can result in a student's failing a course, having a permanent record of the violation placed in the student's school files, or even being (55) from the university. Many students are also aware that they can jeopardize their rapport with fellow students if they are (56) . Students who (57) may lose the respect of other students, particularly those who study for exams and work independently. When leaving the classroom while students are (58) an exam, an instructor may or may not say, "I expect you all to abide (59) the honor system." Even if the words are not stated, the student is expected to work (60) and not to share answers. Relationships between students in the classroom can be cooperative or competitive. International students should not hesitate to ask for help if it is (61) . There are courses, (62) , where grades are (63) in relation to other students' scores. Therefore, in classes where such a grading "curve" is used, students may be (64) to share lecture notes or information for fear (65) their own grades will suffer. There are other reasons for the presence of (66) among students. A high grade point average is needed for (67) to superior graduate schools. Students feel pressure to achieve high grades when there are relatively few openings in graduate programs. (68) addition, when facing a competitive job market, graduates may be judged on the (69) of their grade point average and faculty recommendations. Ultimately, it is the student who is responsible for succeeding in this (70) system.

填空题A: I'd like to make a reservation.B: ____________

填空题A) scrape B) scratch C) explore D) exploited E) consent F) consultant G) bribe H) positively I) exchange J) investigation K) accounting L) undiscovered M) unveiled N) shielded O) negatively In the past several years, many news stories about corporate greed have come to surface. The illegal practices of some executives have (1) impacted our economy. What makes this worse is that these executives seem to have the (2) of some political leaders. Some of the executives even (3) lawmakers. Recently a member of Congress from California was caught demanding gifts from interest groups in (4) for supporting new laws. A few top leaders in the government are under (5) for illegal activities. This doesnt even (6) the surface of the problem. A few years back a company made many purposeful (7) errors to fool investors. Many believe that one reason the problem became so big was that our nations top leaders (8) the company. By the time the truth was (9) , many innocent people had lost their entire savings. There seems to be more and more companies that (10) the publics trust for their own interests. This calls for laws and strict regulations to put the illegal practice to an end.

填空题English-Chinese Translation．(四川大学2013研，考试科目：基础英语)And, consequently, Marx was the best-hated and most calumniated man of his time. Governments, both absolutist and republican, deported him from their territories. Bourgeois, whether conservative or ultra-democratic, vied with one another in heaping slanders upon him. All this he brushed aside as though it were cobweb, ignoring it, answering only when extreme necessity compelled him. And he died beloved, revered and mourned by millions of revolutionary fellow-workers—from the mines of Siberia to California, in all parts of Europe and America—and I make bold to say that though he may have had many opponents he had hardly one personal enemy.

填空题The rain was heavy and ______ (consequence) the land was flooded.

填空题Tom didnt go to school this morning because he ______ at the dinner party yesterday and was sick． 汤姆今天早上没去上学，因为他昨天在晚会上吃得太多，生病了。

填空题A. More troubling than determining how to patent the genome is the larger question of whether anyone ought to be laying claim to human DNA at all. This is partly an economic issue. If the entire genetic schematic is pre-emptively owned by the research teams studying it now, where is the incentive for independent scientists—often sources of great innovation—to work on it later? Licensing costs, warns Jeffrey Kahn, director Of the University of Minnesota"s Center for Bioethics, could hold medical progress hostage. Patenting proponents insist that an equally persuasive argument could be made that the large genome-mapping groups need patent protection to make their work worthwhile to them. B. It"s not for nothing that scientists are in such a footrace to get the human genome mapped. There"s more than just knowledge at stake, after all—there"s money. Who walks away with most of the booty won"t be decided in labs or universities, however, but in courts and patent offices. C. Not only can such filings be sloppy genetics, they can also be bad business. EST applications may lead to so-called submarine patents, claims that are made today and then vanish, only to reappear when some unsuspecting scientist finds something useful to do with genes hidden in the patent. To prevent this, Lehman requires that EST applications include no more than 10 genetic sequences. Each 10 after that requires a separate application—and a separate filing fee. "Companies will now have an incentive to file more selective applications," says Lehman. D. The biggest problem with patenting genes is that while scientists have at least a general idea of what specific strands of genetic coding do, often it"s just that—general. Investigators do sometimes succeed in isolating a single, crisp gene with a single known function. Often, however, researchers trying to map genes get no further than marking off fragmentary stretches of DNA that may be thousands of bases in length. These so-called expressed sequence tags may have real genetic information embedded in them, but determining where those nuggets are and what their structure is takes more digging. E. Stickier than the economic question is the ethical one. Most of us reflexively shrink from the idea of anyone"s owning the rights to any part of the human form. Besides, if the first anatomist to spot, say, the pancreas was not granted title to it, why should modem genome-mapping scientists be able to claim even a single gene? As Kahn points out, "You could patent a system for mining gold from ore. We don"t let people patent the gold." That kind of argument is grounded not in law but in the very idea of what it means to be human—an issue that even the highest federal court is not likely to settle. F. Geneticists have lately been filing patent applications for these ESTs anyway, figuring that it"s best to protect their turf now and go spelunking around in it later. In a science that prizes precision above all else, this can be an odd way to do business. "I would guess that in many cases the scientists didn"t even examine all the material," says Bruce Lehman, commissioner of the Patent and Trademark Office. G. Though deciphering the entire human genetic blueprint is still a few years away, scientists have begun laying claim to the stretches of DNA whose codes they have succeeded in cracking. In recent years researchers have flooded the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office with applications for thousands of genes and gene fragments—and they have stirred a lot of controversy in the process. B→______→______→F→______→______→______

填空题Translation from Chinese into English．(西安电子科技大学2008研，考试科目：英语语法与翻译) 兴教寺是我国古代著名翻译家、旅行家玄奘法师长眠之地，位于西安城南约20公里处。 玄奘从印度取经回来后，倾注全部心血译经19年，不幸积劳成疾于公元663年圆寂于玉华宫(在今陕西铜川市)。玄奘去世后，遗体运回长安，安葬在东郊白鹿原上。白鹿原地势很高，站在皇宫内的含元殿就能看到。高宗十分敬重玄奘，当初听到玄奘逝世的噩耗，曾罢朝致哀，连连哀叹：“朕失国宝矣。”因此每当看到白鹿原上玄奘的茔墓，高宗都禁不住心伤泪下。他想长期这样下去必然有损自己的身体健康，于是诏令将玄奘的遗骨于公元669年迁葬到远离长安城的少陵原上，同时修建了寺院。唐肃宗为玄樊的舍利塔亲自题写了塔额“兴教”二字。意思是要继承玄奘的事业，大兴佛教。从此，这个寺院就叫做兴教寺。 唐末，兴教寺因战乱被烧毁，唯一幸存的玄奘和他俩位弟子的舍利塔，现在的兴教寺是1922年和1939年重修的。建国后，人民政府又多次拨款整修这座唐代名刹。现在兴教寺是全国重点文物保护单位。 大雄宝殿内的铜像是明代遗物。另一玉佛是缅甸赠送的。佛像前的点心、炸食都是当地群众来寺院上香时摆的供品。我国宪法明文规定，公民有信仰宗教的自由，因而兴教寺香火四季不断。

填空题I regretted answering like that, I was sorry ______ (do)so.