单选题 Questions2-5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题 Grow Plants Without Water A. Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we've faced the unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy. It comes and goes without much warning, and a field of lush (茂盛的) leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places. It has consequences: South Africa's ongoing drought—the worst in three decades—will cost at least a quarter of its corn crop this year. B. Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty of answers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. As the earth's climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some places, those answers will grow even more valuable. 'The type of farming I'm aiming for is literally so that people can survive as it's going to get more and more dry,' Farrant says. C. Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. In the rusty red deserts of South Africa, steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth. The hills are remnants of an earlier geological era, scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements. Yet on these and similar formations in deserts around the world, a few fierce plants have adapted to endure under ever-changing conditions. D. Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物). During months without water under a harsh sun, they wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her time-lapse (间歇性拍摄的) videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plant's death in reverse. E. The big difference between 'drought-tolerant' plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term 'drought tolerant' to describe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to consume water, so Farrant prefers to call them drought resistant. F. Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have instead developed the ability to change their metabolism. When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glass-like state that is 'the most stable state that the plant can maintain,' Farrant says. That slows the plant's metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species. G. What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick? Seeds—almost all of them. At the start of her career, Farrant studied 'recalcitrant seeds (顽拗性种子),' such as avocados, coffee and lychee. While tasty, such seeds are delicate—they cannot bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if you've ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit). In the seed world, that makes them rare, because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout (发芽). Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves. H. After completing her Ph.D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible to isolate the properties that make most seeds so resilient (迅速恢复活力的) and transfer them to other plant tissues. What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants' response to dryness. Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to reproduce them in crops. 'Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes,' Farrant says. 'We're looking at gene promoters and what would be their master switch.' I. Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw, they will have to find the best way to do so in useful crops. 'I'm trying three methods of breeding,' Farrant says: conventional, genetic modification and gene editing. She says she is aware that plenty of people do not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works. Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever version prevails: 'I'm giving people an option.' J. Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments, botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to test their ideas for related species. The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome (基因图谱) published last year by a Chinese team. Also last year, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa, a tough-as-nail South African plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a genome is on the way. One or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas—so far mostly done in the lab—on test plots. K. Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop plants do not use dryness defenses already. For instance, there's a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism. It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plant's safety. 'The yield is never going to be high,' Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa. 'My vision is for the subsistence farmer,' Farrant says. 'I'm targeting crops that are of African value.'

单选题—How can I clean my coat? —You ought to have your coat______.

单选题Those good traditions have been passed ______ the younger generation.

单选题Mr. Leonard, the principal of the Bedford Academy High School in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, is a man of many solutions, many of them creative, many of them, apparently, also effective. In New York City, only about 50 percent of students manage to graduate in four years. At Bedford Academy, 63 percent of the students qualify for free lunch, a majority of which are being raised by a single mother and another significant number are being raised by someone other than a parent. Yet close to 95 percent of students graduate, and actually, every one of those goes on to college. Mr. Leonard does not achieve those results by admitting only high-testing students into his school. Of the students arriving with lower test scores, Mr. Leonard says that he is not looking for the students with the highest grades, or even the best behavior. He's looking for the ones who understand his basic mission of discipline and respect, and are willing to devote themselves to his regular training course. The Bedford Academy High School is famous for its autonomy. For Mr. Leonard, autonomy means insisting that all entering students spend their Saturday mornings in preparatory classes tile summer before they enroll. Autonomy also means an automatic weeklong suspension for any student who "disrespects a female," said Mr. Leonard. It means requiring struggling students, in the weeks before the Regents exams, to attend studying sessions on Saturday from 9 a. m. until 9 p. m. It means the most senior, experienced teachers, including Mr. Leonard, teach not the school's academic jewels, but the most struggling students. And autonomy also means the school's teachers administer almost no homework. Instead they emphasize after-school tutoring where the teachers can keep a better eye on whether the student is actually grasping the material.

单选题It is necessary that anyone ______exercises every day if he wishes to keep healthy.

单选题At last she left her house and got to the airport, only _____ the plane flying away.

单选题Giordano Bruno strongly supported Copernicus's idea that the earth was not the center of the universe. Bruno was rewarded by being burned at the stake for this and other ______ ideas.

单选题Physics __________ myfavoritesubjectwhenIstudiedintheuniversity.

单选题The old building is in a good state of ______ except for the wooden floors. [A] observation [B] preservation [C] conservation [D] compensation

单选题It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers Fisher's work to be ______.

单选题 British Educational System 1. Primary and secondary education in Britain 1)Children go to primary school at the age of 2 . 2)Students attend secondary school until age sixteen. 3)Students enter 3 at the age of eighteen. 2. Higher education in Britain 1)In England and Wales: —Application for universities: through the UCCA — 4 structured with a fixed program of classes —Classes: a. Classes offered in the UK are on a(n) 5 basis increasingly; b. More emphasis is placed on 6 study; c. Classes often take the following forms: 7 , tutorials, seminars. 2)In Scotland: —A variety of tertiary level options are 8 : a. The colleges of further education provide vocational and 9 education; b. Central institutions don't directly validate degrees, but many have close ties to 10 ; c. The standard university degree is a four-year 11 .

单选题I cant give you that for nothing. What do you take me ______? A. as B. for C. to D. after

单选题 As the economic role of multinational, global corporations expands, the international economic environment will be shaped increasingly not by governments or international institutions, but by the interaction between governments and global corporations, especially in the United States, Europe, and Japan. A significant factor in this shifting world economy is the trend toward regional trading blocs of nations, which has a potentially large effect on the evolution of the world trading system. Two examples of this trend are the United, States, Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA. and Europe 1992, the move by the European Community (EC. to dismantle impediments to the free flow of goods, services, capital, and labor among member states by the end of 1992. However, although numerous political and economic factors were operative in launching the move to integrate the EC's markets, concern about protectionism within the EC does not appear to have been a major consideration. This is in sharp contrast to the FTA, the overwhelming reason for that bilateral initiative was fear of increasing United States protectionism. Nonetheless, although markedly different in origin and nature, both regional developments are highly significant in that they will foster integration in the two largest and richest markets of the world, as well as provoke question about the future direction of the world trading system.

单选题The market for non-food GE products could exceed the market for GE food products by a wide______within the next few years.

单选题However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ______ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry. A. overturn B. overtake C. offset D. oppress

单选题He just ______ my suggestion at the meeting yesterday.

单选题If you want to go to the concert, you"ll have to make a ______ ,or there will be no tickets.

单选题This robot is supposed to save a lot of labor, but it may create new problems if it really _______.