填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Most people would not object to living a few years longer than normal, as long as it meant they could live those years in good health. Sadly, the only proven way to extend the lifespan of an animal in this way is to reduce its calorie intake. Studies going back to the 1930s have shown that a considerable reduction in consumption ( about 50% ) can extend the lifespan of everything from dogs to nematode worms by between 30% and 70%. Although humans are neither dogs nor worms, a few people are willing to give the calorie-restricted diet a try in the hope that it might work for them, too. But not many—as the old joke has it, give up the things you enjoy and you may not live longer, but it will sure seem as if you did. Now, though, work done by Marc Hellerstein and his colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley, suggests that it may be possible to have, as it were, your cake and eat it too. Or, at least, to eat 95% of it. Their study, to be published in the American Journal of Physiology—Endocrinology and Metabolism, suggests that significant gains in longevity might be made by a mere 5% reduction in calorie intake. The study was done on mice rather than people. But the ubiquity of previous calorie-restriction results suggests the same outcome might well occur in other species, possibly including humans. However, you would have to fast on alternate days.(41)______ Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells. For a cancer to develop efficiently, it needs multiple mutations to accumulate in the DNA of the cell that becomes the tumor's ancestor.(42)______ A slower rate of cell division thus results in a slower accumulation of cancer-causing mutations.(43)______ Heavy water is heavy because the hydrogen in it weighs twice as much as ordinary hydrogen (it has a proton and a neutron in its nucleus, instead of just a proton). Chemically, however, it behaves like its lighter relative. This means, among other things, that it gets incorporated into DNA as that molecule doubles in quantity during cell division.(44)______ Dr Hellerstein first established how much mice eat if allowed to feed as much as they want. Then he set up a group of mice that were allowed to eat only 95% of that amount. In both cases, he used the heavy-water method to monitor cell division. The upshot was that the rate of division in the calorie-restricted mice was 37% lower than that in those mice that could eat as much as they wanted--which could have a significant effect on the accumulation of cancer-causing mutations.(45)______ [A] To stop this happening, cells have DNA-repair mechanisms. But if a cell divides before the damage is repaired, the chance of a successful repair is significantly reduced. [B] Bingeing and starving is how many animals tend to feed in the wild. The uncertain food supply means they regularly go through cycles of too much and too little food ( it also means that they are often restricted to eating less than they could manage ff food were omnipresent). [C] But calorie-reduction is not all the mice had to endure. They were, in addition, fed only on alternate days: bingeing one day and starving the next. So, whether modern man and woman, constantly surrounded by food and advertisements for food, would really be able to forgo eating every other day is debatable. [D] Why caloric restriction extends the lifespan of any animal is unclear, but much of the smart money backs the idea that it slows down cell division by denying cells the resources they need to grow and proliferate. One consequence of that slow-down would be to hamper the development of cancerous tumors. [E] So, by putting heavy water in the diets of their mice, the researchers were able to measure how much DNA in the tissues of those animals had been made since the start of the experiment (and by inference how much cell division had taken place), by the simple expedient of extracting the DNA and weighing it. [F] The second reason, according to Elaine Hsieh, one of Dr Hellerstein's colleagues, is that cutting just a few calories overall, but feeding intermittently, may be a more feasible eating pattern for some people to maintain than making small reductions each and every day. [G] At least, that is the theory. Until now, though, no one has tested whether reduced calorie intake actually does result in slower cell division. Dr Hellerstein and his team were able to do so using heavy water as a chemical "marker" of the process.

填空题Translate the following passage into English．(苏州大学2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作) 陆文夫是个现实主义作家，他写市井生活，他的小说从生活中撷取真实的细节。有人说，陆文夫的小说取有一种“糖醋的现实主义”，因为他的作品中有甜也有酸，甜者，往往给人一点喜悦或希望，比较温和，酸者，人物命运总是坎坷波折，内含辛酸的人生经历和生活哲理。从形式上说，陆文夫的小说很像苏州评弹，这是早有人论及的，无论是“卖关子”、“穿插”、“砌噱”，还是“叙述角”，都可从评弹中找到相应的表现手法。陆文夫曾写过一篇“向评弹学习”的文章，说评弹“在表现生活和思想时，几乎是无所不能的”，“如果写小说时能把自己设想成一个评弹演员坐在台上，那就有许多方法可以借用。”其实，陆文夫的小说归根结底得力于唐宋传奇和话本小说，苏州正是明代民间文学编纂家冯梦龙的故乡，这里历代流传着许多民间传说故事，这对陆文夫的小说创作是有影响的。说到底，评弹不也是从话本曲词逐步演变而来的么?

填空题A. You should make efforts to attain a level of self-honoring. B. You should develop the answer to "What do I really want to do?" C. You should have a clear self-definition about yourself. D. Your beliefs have great effect on you choice. E. Your commitment should devote to being who you are. F. Your enlightenment comes through facing obstacles and difficulties. G. Your Actions speak louder than your words. Many people today find themselves in unfulfilling work situations. In fact, one in four workers is dissatisfied with their current job, according to the recent "Plans for 2004" survey. Their career path may be financially rewarding, but it doesn"t meet their emotional, social or creative needs. They"re stuck, unhappy, and have no idea what to do about it, except move to another job. 1 Job seekers and those dissatisfied with work or life should examine their beliefs about work and recognize that "in many cases your beliefs are what brought you to where you are today. " You may have been raised to think that women were best at nurturing and caring and, therefore, should be teachers and nurses. So that"s what you did. Or, perhaps you were brought up to believe that you should do what your father did, so you have taken over the family business, or become a dentist "just like dad." If this sounds familiar, it"s probably time to look at the new possibilities for your future. 2 Look at the gifts and talents you have and make a commitment to pursue those things that you love most. If you love the social aspects of your job, but are stuck inside an office or "chained to your desk" most of the time, vow to follow your instinct and investigate alternative careers and work that allow you more time to interact with others. Dawn worked as a manager for a large retail clothing store for several years. Though she had advanced within the company, she felt frustrated and longed to be involved with nature and the outdoors. She decided to go to school nights and weekends to pursue her true passion by earning her master"s degree in forestry. She now works in the biotech forestry division of a major paper company. 3 Once job seekers know who they are, they will know how to sell themselves. "In the job market, you are a product. And just like a product, you must know the features and benefits that you have to offer a potential client, or employer." Examine the skills and knowledge that you have and identify how they can apply to your desired occupation. Your qualities will exhibit to employers why they should hire you over other candidates. 4 Self-honoring or self-love may seem like an odd step for job hunters, but being able to accept yourself, without judgment, helps eliminate insecurities and will make you more self-assured. By accepting who you are—all your emotions, hopes and dreams, your personality, and your unique way of being—you"ll project more confidence when networking and talking with potential employers. The power of self-honoring can help to break all the falsehoods you were programmed to believe—those that made you feel that you were not good enough, or strong enough, or intelligent enough to do what you truly desire. 5 Some teachers of philosophy describe action in this way, "If one wants to get to the top of a mountain, just sitting at the foot thinking about it will not bring one there. It is by making the effort of climbing up the mountain, step by step, that eventually the summit is reached. " All too often, it is the lack of action that ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals. Creating a plan and taking it one step at a time can lead to new and different job opportunities. Job-hunting tasks gain added meaning as you sense their importance in your quest for a more meaningful work life. The plan can include researching industries and occupations, talking to people who are in your desired area of work, taking classes, or accepting volunteer work in your targeted field. Each of these steps will lead you on a journey to a happier and more rewarding work life. After all, it is the journey, not the destination, that is most important.

填空题Author______ Title______And though your graciousness might stream,And I contrive,Grandmother, stones are nothing of homeTo that spumiest dove.Against both bar and tower the black sea runs.

填空题Choose the correct headings for each of the following paragraphs marked with B to F. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(15 points). List of Headings i. Can unhappy consumers vote "No"? ii. Affluence does not free us from worries. iii. One dropout, one vote—formula for disaster. iV. A large population does not fit in this hi-tech era. V. What are the long term consequences? Vi. The consumer activists intervene as the Third-Party. Vii. Where does the motivation come from? Viii. What is the price we pay? iX. A horde of economic parasites poses the big problem. Example Answer Paragraph A ii A In America today people work fewer hours, have more security and real wealth than ever before, and yet we are an unhappy people involved in much social dissent. We are frustrated over poverty, equal rights, changing social mores, campus revolt, pollution, and our environment. The things we worry about today were, of course, problems years ago, but we were too busy, too insecure, too poor to do much about them. Perhaps we should be thankful for the affluence that has made it possible for us to move these "old problems" upward on our scale of priorities. At the same time we should recognize that while affluence provides the means it does not necessarily provide the wisdom for instantly coping with the complex social problems now concerning us. B Until quite recently, we have been so busy growing in an industrial sense, and we have enjoyed the fruits of our labor so much, that we have had little time or resources to devote to those broad social problems created by our rapidly advancing technology. No small part of this technological advance has been in agriculture. Those persons left in agriculture today are the economic survivors of the greatest mass migration in the history of man. Had there been no out-migration from agriculture over the past 35 years, our present farm population would be 65 million rather than 10 million. This sudden displacement includes many who have neither the capacity nor yen to learn and master a new profession—many who find it disagreeable to work by the clock and calendar. Many of these are the technological dropouts who are in trouble—who are both a burden and responsibility of our modern society—who are a source of discontent in this time of affluence. C Numbered among the dropouts and other technological misfits are many of our youth who, supported by affluent parents, have not had to worry much about becoming productive citizens. Suddenly we are aware of a large and growing group living on the leavings of a highly productive society. Earlier societies have had their leisure classes but never before in history has so large a proportion of a society been free of the worries of seeking the bare essentials of food, shelter, and clothing. The perplexing problem facing us is how to absorb these technological dropouts and make them productive. D This growing horde of economic parasites takes on a very serious meaning in a one-member, one-vote democratic society. Still in the minority, their presence is largely manifested in social meddling—in contemplation about the welfare of their fellow man. One such movement we vaguely call consumerism, in which activists champion issues which appear to be beneficial to consumers. The term implies protection of the consumer, but the flood of proposals for ways and means of protecting the consumer are not generally traceable to those seeking protection for themselves. To the contrary, the specific issues of consumerism are initiated by those who, for assorted reasons, seek to protect others from harm. E The consumer activists obviously range from selfish to unselfish, from dishonest to honest, from thoughtless to well informed. Whatever their motives, they contend that consumers should be protected from physical and economic harm, that consumers should be informed and educated in product knowledge, that consumers should have a choice in the market place, and finally that consumers should have proper legal redress for wrongs. Such virtuous aims seem undebatable until one realizes that under consumerism they are subject to third-party interpretation which may or may not be in the consumer interest. The third-party values can always be made to appear rational, and are often vigorously supported by the general public. As a result, innumerable laws and regulations are rapidly displacing the free decision of the individual in the market place, and the right of the consumer to choose increasingly becomes a mockery. F Risk is inherent in every consumer purchase. The efforts of man to eliminate risk in the market place are pointless because the reduction of one kind of risk must always be accompanied by a compensating increase in another kind of risk. The cost of protection is deprivation. We can, if we desire, achieve a high degree of auto safety by reducing speed; but society rejects the sacrifice and instead, with the safety belt, accepts a lower safety level requiring less sacrifice.

填空题For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain, Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the US had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Apollo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technological muscle during the cold war. Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science by going where no scientists had gone before. Today Mars looms (隐约出现) as humanity's next great terra incognita (未探明之地). And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet's reddish surface. Could it be that sciences which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last destined to take a leading role? The question naturally invites a couple of others: Are there experiment that only human could do on Mars? Could those experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space? With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite (陨石) from Mars. A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science: the prevalence of life in the Universe.A. bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from MarsB. their explorations were driven by commercial and political-military interestsC. promote the greater glory of SpainD. demonstrate the powerful development of technology achieved by AmericansE. complex chemistry come into existence which lead to lifeF. liquid water existed abundantly on Mars.G. believe that's a signify cantcommitment

填空题______ all his friends agree，Ben is warm-hearted，loving and generous． 所有朋友都一致认为，本是个热心肠、乐于助人、慷慨大方的人。

填空题Try to avoid making him tired .

填空题驾驶员违反交通规则,除了罚款之外,还有别的处罚办法吗?(alternative to)

填空题In English, the two words cut and gut differ only in their initial sounds and the two sounds are two different______ and the two words are a______pair.

填空题She has many reasons to disbelieve what he said. (justify) ______.

填空题 (1) Numerous benefits can come from cloning technology. ______ The resulting child and its descendants would carry the corrected gene in every cell. ______ One of these is a treatment for infertility. ______ Cloning technology can also help perfect gene treatment, the actual correction or replacement of defective gene sequences. ______ Human cloning can offer a chance of success to infertile people who want to have children. ______ Twelve million Americans are infertile at child bearing age, ______ It would allow scientists to take a cell and have its genome (基因组) modified (8) Research on the basic processes of cell differentiation can lead to dramatic new medical interventions.

填空题Ive got to go-I promised ______ home by 10 oclock． 我要走了，我保证10点前回家。