填空题Dear Mr. Robert, Although we sent you your goods on time, we have waited nearly two months for you to pay the balance of $5000, which is over due. When you ordered the shipment of computers, you requested that we send you the entire order no later than June 1, and we shipped the goods by air freight on May 25. As you agreed in our original credit arrangement (赊账协议), payment was due in 30 days, on June 30. Yet, as it is already August 26, we still have not received your payment. In fact, we have not received any answer to the notice we sent to remind you that the payment is due. We regret to say that if we cannot receive your payment by September 15, we will be forced to ask our lawyer to take measures and collect it through legal procedures. Yours faithfully, Adam Smith The Western Company

填空题Lizzy is as ______ (nice)as, if not ______ (nice)than Mary.

填空题Put the following two passages into English and write your translated version on the Answer Sheet． 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道授业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑?惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。

填空题A. The necessity to stop the current practice B. Effect of the pet-raising industry on fish population C. Consequences from killing fish predators D. Consumption of fish by domestic animals E. The practice of removing predatory species F. The reduction of fish population by rising human populations All over the world, fishing communities are screaming for the heads of seals, dolphins, pelicans and even whales. The reason for this is grossly diminished populations of commercial fish. Simply put, most of the world's commercial fisheries have collapsed or are in a state of collapse. The reason for the collapse has been a combination of mismanagement and corruption within governmental fishery departments, industrial over-fishing, increasing demand fi'om steadily rising human populations and just plain greed. (1) . Instead of facing up to the real reasons, government bureaucrats, fishermen and the public have chosen to scapegoat other species that rely on fish for their survival. Because of this, Canadians are engaged in a massive slaughter of seals on the Atlantic coast and clamoring for a seal lion killed on the Pacific coast. The Namibians are killing some 60, 000 seals each year. The Japanese are slaughtering dolphins; fishermen in California are killing and maiming pelicans and cormorants; and the Norwegians, Icelanders and the Japanese are steadily increasing their illegal whale kills. (2) . In fact, in every coastal community the story is the same. Kill the seals, kill the birds and kill the dolphins—anything to save the fish. Ironically, the diminishment of seals and other natural predators is directly contributing to a further decline in fish. The reason for this is that marine mammals and birds eat fish and remove sick and weak species from the populations they prey upon. In the case of the harp seal, the seals remove species that prey upon cod and thus reduce predatory species having an impact on the cod. The fact is that the largest predators of fish are other fish. Seals, dolphins, pelicans and cormorants keep these populations in check and in balance. (3) Before modern global fishing, marine mammal and sea bird populations were much more populous than today. The seal population on the East Coast alone was close to 40 million only 500 years ago. And there was no shortage offish. The cod have been reduced to one percent of their original numbers in the last 500 years by the human species. Let's put this in perspective. The worldwide population of all species of seals is about 28 million. Yet the worldwide population of domestic housecats is estimated to be about 80 million. The housecat population of the US alone consumes 2.9 million tons of fish each year. This means that South Africa's entire annual catch offish is only 17 percent of this 2.9-million-ton requirement. As seal conservationist Francois Hugo of South Africa puts it, "We are destroying our indigenous natural wildlife to feed an unchecked exotic domestic pet market. " (4) . It is also a tragedy that more than 50 percent of all the fish taken from the sea are not eaten by people. Most of it is rendered into animal feed for cattle, chickens, pigs and, ironically, for farm-raised salmon. It takes 30 to 50 fish caught from the ocean to raise and market one farm-raised salmon. Captain Jacques Cousteau told me not long before he died that "the oceans are dying in our time." (5) . We must be insane to continue to pull the last of the fishes from the sea to feed domestic pets and livestock. Most of these fish are the small fishes like the herring, and sand-eels—the very fish that provide the foundation of the food chain for the larger fish. The North Sea sand-eel fishery alone has destroyed tens of thousands of puffins and this fishery is exclusively for the livestock feed trade. If nations simply prohibited the taking of fish to feed livestock and pets, we would effectively cut the annual reduction of fish from our oceans by more than 50 percent. But it won't happen because there is much money to be made from selling these products and government bureaucrats and politicians do what they are told by the corporations that have the money and provide the jobs. Unfortunately, this path has only one destination the silent seas, fishes out, with whales, seals, birds, and turtles removed. A stagnant stinking cesspool of lifeless brine will be our legacy.

填空题Translate the following English passage into Chinese．(对外经济贸易大学2011研，考试科目：基础英语)BANKS have endured a brutal nine months since credit markets froze in August. Losses and write-downs already total $335 billion: many of their best businesses have disappeared. In developed economies, almost all banks are facing economic and regulatory headwinds that will cut revenues and jobs. Yet the biggest danger facing Western finance is not a fall in its earning power but a loss of faith in how it works.Two criticisms assail the industry, one based on fairness and the other on efficiency. The first argues that finance is rigged to enrich bankers, rather than their customers, shareholders or the economy at large. Some worry about the way bonuses are calculated: others about moral hazard. Bankers will take wild bets because they know they will be bailed out by the taxpayer. Look at Bear Stearns or Northern Rock.The second, deeper question is whether a market-based approach to finance is efficient. Some Chinese officials claim the Western system has been shown up by the crisis. This week Germany"s president demanded that the "monster" of financial markets "be put back in its place" : bankers had caused a "massive destruction of assets. " The critics do not lack ammunition. The lapses in credit-underwriting in the subprime-mortgage market hardly reflect a wise allocation of capital. The opacity of the shadow banking system and the mind-boggling complexity of those toxic asset-backed products have raised doubts about the discipline of the market.

填空题A. Modern marketing is therefore a coordinated system of many business activities. But basically it involves four things: selling the correct product at the proper place, selling it at a price determined by demand, satisfying a customer"s need and wants, and producing a profit for the company. B. Because products are often marketed internationally, distribution has increased in importance. Goods must be at the place where the customer need them or bought there. This is known as place utility: it adds value to a product. However, many markets are separated from the place of production, which means that often both raw materials and finished products must be transported to the points where they are needed. C. The terms market and marketing can have several meanings depending upon how they are used. The term stock market refers to the buying and selling of shares in corporations, as well as other activities related to stock trading and pricing. The important world stock markets are in London, Geneva, New York, Tokyo and Singapore. Another type of market is a grocery market, which is a place where people purchase food. When economists use the word market, they mean a set of forces or conditions that determine the price of a product, such as the supply available for sale and the demand for it by consumers. The term marketing in business includes all these meanings, and more. D. In the past, the concept of marketing emphasized sales. The producer or manufacturer made a product he wanted to sell. Marketing was the task of figuring out how to sell the product. Basically, selling the product would be accomplished by sales promotion, which included advertising and personal selling. In addition to sales promotion, marketing also involved the physical distribution of the product to the places where it was actually sold. Distribution consisted of transportation, storage, and related services, such as financing, standardization and grading, and the related risks. E. Marketing now involves first deciding what the customer wants, and designing and producing a product that satisfies these wants at a profit to the company. Instead of concentrating solely on product, the company must consider the desires of the consumer. And this is much more difficult since it involves human behavior. Production, on the other hand, is mostly an engineering problem. Thus, demand and market forces are still an important aspect of modern marketing, but they are considered prior to the production process. F. The modem marketing concept encompasses all of the activities mentioned, but it is based on a different set of principles. It subscribes to the notion that production can be economically justified only by consumption. In other words, goods should be produced only if they can be sold. Therefore, the producer should consider who is going to buy the product, or what the market for the product is before production begins. This is very different from making a product and then thinking about how to sell it. G. Raw materials requiring little or special treatment can be transported by rail, ship of barge at low cost. Large quantities of raw materials travels as bulk freight but finished products that often require special treatment, such as refrigeration or careful handling, are usually transported by truck, this merchandise freight is usually smaller in volume and required quicker delivery. Merchandise freight is a term for the transportation of manufactured good. Along all points of the distribution channel various amounts of storage are required. The time and manner of such storage depends upon the type of product. Inventories of this stored merchandise often need to be financed. Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 →A

填空题Discuss the following in translation studies.(北京航空航天大学2009研，考试科目：综合英语)What is the concept of shifts and why shifts are unavoidable and inevitable in translating?

填空题George and his brother have a little in common except that they share the same interest in playing football. A. have a little B. except that C. share D. in

填空题Out of passion and excitement, the chair altered her v______ and she had to stop a moment to control it.

填空题It's a wonderful restaurant. Great food and excellent service. We ______ recommend it! (high)

填空题cultivate confine capacity sort application incorporate consciousness trigger maturity adaptive perspective mechanism controversial recommend

填空题In the movies and comic books Wolverine almost comes out as ______, like Superman . (destruct)

填空题You shouldnt joke with him, since he is a ______ (change)person．

填空题Most students ______ over 90 in the exam；few, in fact，scored below 80． 考试中，大部分学生的成绩在90分以上，事实上只有很少一部分学生的得分在80分以下。

填空题______ (你愿意去打篮球还是去看电影), Lily asked me.

填空题Author______Title______ I relinquished the intention he had detected, for I knew him! Even yet I could not recall a single feature, but I knew him! If the wind and the rain had driven away the intervening years, had scattered all the intervening objects, had swept up to the churchyard where we first stood face to face on such different levels, I could not have known my convict more distinctly than I knew him now, as he sat in the chair before the fire.

填空题That the old man is to recover from the ill make us happy.

填空题In the aspect of sense relation, when a word is a hyponym of itself, it is called an a______.