填空题You should take good care of the books borrowing from the school library.

填空题　　Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They　 ---|||________|||---　th in the long run industrializion grely raised the standard of living for the　 ---|||________|||---　man. But they insisted th its　 ---|||________|||---　results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the　 ---|||________|||---　of the English populion.　 ---|||________|||---　contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a　 ---|||________|||---　agricultural country, a period of gre abundance and prosperity. 　　This view,　 ---|||________|||---　, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists　 ---|||________|||---　history and economics, have　 ---|||________|||---　two things: th the period from 1650 to 1750 was　 ---|||________|||---　by gre poverty, and th industrializion certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

填空题41)__________. The mystery involves a change in the atmoshpere—a hole, or thinning, of the ozone in the atmosphere over Antarctica. Scientists were not sure what was causing it. 42) __________. It is found both in the air we breathe and in the upper atmosphere. Near the earth, ozone in the air is a danger to life. It is a pollutant. But ozone found 10 kilometers to 50 kilometers up in the atmosphere protects life on earth. Ozone forms in the atmosphere through the action of solar radiation. Once formed, the ozone blocks harmful radiation from reaching the earth. Scientists say a decrease in ozone and an increase in the harmful radiation will cause many more cases of skin cancer and will harm crops, animals and fish. 43) __________. Chlorine is released into the air from the chlorofluorocarbons—or CFCs—used in plastic, air conditioners and spray cans. The use of CFCs has greatly increased worldwide since 1960 and is continuing to increase. The destruction of the ozone in the atmosphere also has increased. An international effort is being made to halt the loss of atmospheric ozone. But many experts fear the effort will not produce results fast enough to prevent harm to life on earth. Thirty-one nations negotiated a treaty last year (1987) calling for a reduction in the worldwide production of chlorofluorocarbons. It was praised at the time as a major step in halting further destruction of the ozone. Cuts in the present production of CFCs will begin in the mid-1990s. 44) __________. Harmful chemicals take from 7 to 10 years to rise up into the atmosphere. Damage from the increase use of CFCs in this past decade still has not been felt. Government scientists say more than two times the mount of these gases will be in the atmosphere before the levels stop rising. 45) __________. Scientists point out a molecule of chlorine remains in the atmosphere for as long as 100 years. During that time, it destroys tens of thousands of ozone molecules.[A] Why has the ozone problem developed? No one knows for sure. But scientists say the evidence is very strong that the chlorine in chlorofluorocarbons (含氯氟烃)is causing much of the problem.[B] Almost 30 years after scientists discovered that common industrial gases were destroying Earth's protective ozone layer, satellite readings and ground observations show for the first time that the dangerous rate of ozone loss is finally slowing.[C] Ozone is a three-atom form of oxygen gas.[D] There have been some new developments in a continuing mystery we have reported about many times.[E] Scientists also say damage to ozone will continue because of the long life of the chemical gases released into the atmosphere.[F] The ozone problem caused by CFCs was first noticed as early as the 1960s.[G] However, most scientists now agree destruction of the ozone will continue for decades. They say this will happen even though industries and governments do their best to control the damage.

填空题When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is______function.

填空题Historians are detectives searching out the evidence of the past in their pursuit of history. This is a challenging and frequently engaging quest　1　its own, but evidence must be turned to　2　. Primary sources that are uncovered　3　many forms that vary　4　the questions asked and the period studied, but written records are　5　historians use more than any other. The historian does not　6　evidence in the manner of courts of law, where questions of admissibility and truth versus falsehood are　7　. The historian''s use of evidence is much more　8　 Determining how and with what end 9 mind any piece of evidence came into existence are the first tasks 10 the historian in the internal criticism of historical sources. It is important to know, for instance, who 11 a particular census and with what instructions, or　12　a correspondent was addressing a friend or foe, colleague or opponent. 　　For many years historians divided evidence into the two　13　of primary and secondary sources. The former were considered as any　14　or artifact from the period　15　 study, the latter as descriptions or reconstructions based on primary sources. The function of the historian, it was　16　, was to convert primary sources into secondary sources. This　17　misleads. What have been called secondary sources am not historical sources at all, but　18　that reveal the historian''s point of view. All evidence used by the historian was a primary source at the time it was　19　and it is always partial and incomplete. Therein lies part of the　20　of history.

填空题It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases 【B1】 the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be 【B2】 in our past experiences, which are brought into the present 【B3】 memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep 【B4】 available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" thing like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is 【B5】 when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six year old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory 【B6】 not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer 【B7】 that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words" ready for 【B8】 use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total 【B9】 of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person''s memory is in terms of words and 【B10】 of words.

填空题He likes not only to discuss things with me but also asking for my advice .

填空题A. What happened? B. Nice to meet you. C. please take it easy. D. No trouble at all. E. Coffee, please. F. I forgive you. G. But he panned to. H. Can I have the bill?

填空题Lexicon, in most cases, is synonymous with ________

填空题When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called ________

填空题For years pediatricians didn’t worry much about treating hypertension in their patients. After all, kids grow so fast, it’s hard keeping up with their shoes size, let alone their blood pressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood-pressure medicine they could wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard-of side effects could crop up after five or six decades of daily use? The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things; maybe they’ll grow out of this too. 41．Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in childhood. 42．Who is most at risk? Boys are more than girls, especially boys who are overweight. Their heart works so hard to force blood through extra layers of fat that its walls grow denser. Then, after decades of straining, it grows too big to pump blood very well. 43．How can you tell if yours are like the 670,000 American children ages 10 to 18 with high blood pressure? It’s not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child’s arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery. You should have a test done by a doctor, who will consult special tables that indicate the normal range of blood pressure for a particular child’s age, height and sex. 44．About half the cases of hypertension stem directly from kids being overweight. 45．How can you do? You can keep your children from joining their ranks by clearing the junk food from your pantry and hooking you kids — the earlier the better — on healthy, attractive snakes like fruits (try freezing some grapes/or carrot sticks with salsa. ) Not only will they lower your children’s blood pressure: These foods will also boost their immune system and unclog their plumbing.[A] And the problem is likely to grow. Over the past 30 years the proportion of children in the U. S. who are overweight has doubled, from 5% to 11% or 4.7 million kids.[B] According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19 of 30 children with high blood pressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. “No one knows if this pattern holds true for younger patients as well, ” says Dr. Stephen Daniels, a pediatric cardiologist who led the study at Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. “But it’s worrisome. ”[C] Feed your children nutritious foods three times a day to keep his immune system healthy. Make sure the meals include all the food groups to ensure they are getting plenty of vitamins.[D] Fortunately the abnormal thickening can be spotted by ultrasound. And in most case, getting that blood pressure under control — through weight loss and exercise or, as a last resort, drug treatment — allows the overworked muscle to shrink to normal size.[E] If the doctor finds an abnormal result he will repeat the test over a period of months to make sure the reading isn’t a fake. He’ll also check, whether other conditions, like kidney disease, could be the source of the trouble, because hypertension is hard to be detected. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends annual blood-pressure checks for every child over age 3.[F] High blood pressure isn’t just an issue for adults; keeping kids blood pressure levels in a healthy range is also important. In a new study reported in Hypertension, researchers found that increased exercise duration among kids leads to lower blood pressure levels, however the same cannot be said for increased intensity.[G] Meanwhile, make sure your kids spend more time on the playground than with their PlayStation. Even if they don’t shed a pound, vigorous exercise will help keep their blood vessels nice and wide, lowering their blood pressure. And of course, they’ll be more likely to eat light and, exercise if you set a good example.

填空题The course normally attracts twenty students per year , half of which will be from overseas.

填空题Have you ever wondered whether writing and maintaining your business blog is a waste of time? If you have, it probably is. Business blogs are valuable for some companies, but for many blogging takes up time and resources better spent elsewhere. If any of the following statements apply to you, stop posting to your blog (or re-purpose what you would have posted) and start doing something more productive: (41) You dread writing another post. Either way, whatever you publish will not represent your business well, so why do it? Any time you feel you can't put your best foot forward, don't take the step. (42) Your page views are stagnant. Unless of course you can accurately identify tangible benefits from that readership. (43) You can't quantify your return. Blogging is like any other investment in time and resources: If you don't see a return, don't do it. (44) Your goal is to provide valuable resources to customers. Potential customers who gladly read resource pages often run screaming from the same information when it appears on a blog. (45) Your readers are not your customers. Building an audience is useful only if the audience contains current and potential customers. Know who is reading your biog. If you can't be bothered to find out, that's yet another indication it's time to stop.[A] Many business owners say, "I don't have any numbers to back it up, but I know my blog is paying off." Really? How? If your blog isn't sending significant traffic to your website via search engines, isn't directly generating sales, doesn't create a community, or creates a community that doesn't actuallybenefit your business, your blog isn't paying off.[B] If you aren't excited by the thought of sitting down to write your next post, you have nothing to say and will once again borrow ideas from another blog, or already realize blogging is a waste of time but won't admit it.[C] Great goal. By all means do it. But don't put how-to information, or useful tips, or non-news information on your blog. Many people are blog-averse because most blogs are terrible, so your blog may automatically get painted with the same brush. If your material is relatively evergreen, create resource pages on your website instead.[D] When new posts average the same number of page views, and on a monthly basis so does your entire blog, you've stalled. Maybe loyal readers keep returning, or maybe you gain some and lose some, but either way not much is happening. A blog with a small stagnant readership is a blog that is a waste of time, at least for business purposes.[E] Never blog because you think it helps; you have to know. Knowing takes effort. If you're not willing to put the time you need into tracking and analyzing data, you're either lazy or afraid to find out you're wasting your time on your blog. Sometimes quitting is more admirable than staying the course.[F] This happens more often than you think. For example, a friend is an incredibly successful financial planner. He writes a blog that gets thousands of unique visitors a month. But he writes about topics of interest only to other financial planners. That would be fine if his blog generated media opportunities, or supported a book he plans to write, or helps him network and bring in more business—but it doesn't.

填空题________can be defined as the study of meaning

填空题[A] Advertisements add interests to life[B] Advertisements help to save money[C] Criticisms on advertisers[D] Usefulness of small advertisements[E] True aesthetic value of advertisement[F] Informing : the chief function of advertising 41. ______ Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. "It's iniquitous," they say," that this entirely unproductive industry ( if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don't they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it's the consumer who pay... " 42. ______ The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. , from an advertisement. 43. ______ Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway laws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or newspaper full of the daffy ration of calamities. 44. ______ We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! 45. ______ Another thing we mustn't forget is the " small ads" which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously Useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the "hatch, match and dispatch" columns; but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or "agony" column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!

填空题41. Two types of stress: There are basically two types of stress placed on human beings--physical and mental.42. Effects of stress--physical or emotional: Whether physical or emotional in origin, stress causes the body to react in the same way.43. Guilty--useful, though most harmful: Probably the most harmful of all the stresses is guilt.44. Instances--no need to feel guilty: However, many of us as children learned rules that we no longer need.No one is perfect: Guilt and the worry that often accompanies this major stress are difficult to eradicate, but people subject to excessive guilt feelings should realize, as simple as it sounds, that no one is perfect. People cannot always be cheerful and helpful to every one they meet. Another good lesson is that mistakes should be forgotten, not lingered over and brought out to examine periodically.45. Life with a little stress--significant: A life without stress, such as retirement with nothing to do, would be boring.Notes: respiration 呼吸。pupil 瞳孔。dilate 膨胀。perspiration 出汗，勤奋。date 约会。sour 使别扭。eradicate vt.消除，根除。at best 充其量。linger over 细细品味。meditation 深思，沉思，might as well 不妨。[A] Fat adults should no longer feel guilty about leaving a little food on the plate, a successful businessman need not feel guilty about spending a little too much money on a vacation, nor should he feel guilty that he can combine a business trip to the West Coast with some swimming and golf at an ocean resort. But many people do feel guilty over such apparently innocent actions. Excessive guilt can sour all of life and make life not worth living; it can also cause self-hatred as well as other fears and anxieties that cause all life's successes to be bittersweet, at best.[B] Stress from physical activity, if not carried too far, is actually beneficial. Exercise relaxes you and may help forget about mental and emotional stress. But mental stress is almost always bad for you. If mental stress is unrelieved l it can actually cause diseases such as ulcers, migraine headaches, heart problems, or mental illness.[C] Just as we need a little guilt--to keep us correct--and a little worry--to make us plan ahead--we need a little stress to stay interested in life. But when stress begins to bother you, you might as well change your routine. Take your mind off your worries with some physical activity; you may discover a solution you have overlooked before.[D] Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and iii health.[E] Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities, others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties.[F] In the first stage, your body prepares to meet the stress. The heartbeat and respiration rates increase, and the pupils of the eyes dilate; the blood sugar level increases, and the rate of perspiration speeds up, while digestion slows down as blood and muscular activity is diverted elsewhere. In the second stage, your body returns to normal and repairs any damage caused by the stressful situation. However, if stress continues, the body cannot repair itself, and the final stage, exhaustion, then begins. If this stage continues, if for example you are frustrated by your work and continue to be frustrated for a long time, physical or emotional damage will occur. These stages of stress reaction are always the same, whether the stress is caused by a cross-country run, a first date, buying a house, or narrowly missing an automobile accident.[G] This common emotion is useful to have when it helps us to realize that we have, in fact, committed some error, violated our own rules or social rules. If we did not feel guilty, we would never do anything except the things that brought us immediate pleasure--we'd never obey the law, work, exercise, or even study in school, unless we wanted to do so in the first place. As a person's conscience develops, guilt feelings become inevitable; guilt is the sorrow we experience when we know we have done something incorrect.

填空题As my house is the only one by the road built with red bricks, it ______ and you cant miss it.

填空题The sound [p] can be described with " ______, bilabial, stop".

填空题The husband has almost been driven mad by his wifes ______ (end)complaints.

填空题Lets stop arguing ______ arguing; we have to find a solution to the problem.