填空题A.Astheresearchershypothesized,participantswhowerefeelingblueweremorelikelytorespondtoandexpressapreferenceforfamiliarpatterns,whereasmorecheerfulparticipantsdisplayednopreferenceforfamiliaroverpreviouslyunseenpatterns.Thatis,happyparticipantsstillappreciatedthefamiliar--insomeinstances,evenmorepassionatelythanthoseinabadmood--buttheirmoodalsoboostedpositivereactionstonewthings.Astheauthorsputit,ifdesireforthefamiliarcanbeexpressedasa"warmglowoffamiliarity,"thenperhapsgoodmoodcastsasimilarrayofsunshineonthenew,creatinga"warmglowofnovelty."B.Othertheoristshavesuggestedthatthevalueoffamiliarityismorerelativeandcontextual.Thatis,afamiliarfaceismoreappearinginsituationsofdangerordisorientation--runningintoahometownneighborwhilewanderingaroundanunknowncitymightevokea"warmglow,"whilebumpingintothatsamepersoninlineatthedelicounterbackhomeislesslikelytoelicitsuchpositiveemotions.C.Whenyou'reinabadmood,thecomfortofyourhome,pajamasandcouchisoftenmostappealing.Yet,whenyou'refeelingabitsunnier,youmightbemorelikelytoventureoutandexploretheworldaroundyou.NewresearchpublishedinthejournalPsychologicalScienceshedslightonwhatisitaboutfeelingirritablethatmightmakeuslesslikelytotrynewthings,whileagoodmoodbringsoutoursenseofadventure.D.Previousresearchhasfoundthatexposuretothefamiliar--surroundings,objects,faces--isassociatedwithhappiness,withresearchersassumingthatthisrelationshipisasaresultofeitherconditioningthroughrepeatedexposureortheideathatwehaveatendencytowardkoinophilia,(thepreferenceforthefamiliar)becauseitcanhelpusdistinguishgoodpotentialmates,thenotionthat"familiarityisintrinsicallyrewardingbecauseitisconnectedwitheasy,efficientandconflict-freeprocessing".E.Totestthattheory,researchersconductedanexperimentinwhichparticipantsviewedaseriesofrandomdotpatterns.Inthefirstroundtheyviewedseveralpatterns;inthesecond,theyagainsawseveralpatterns--includingamixtureofthoseviewedduringthefirstroundandnew,previouslyunseendesigns.Inoneexperiment,priortoviewingthepatterns,studyparticipants--sixteenundergraduatesfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego--werefilledwitheithergoodorbadmoodbybeingaskedtorecallahappyorsadpersonalexperience.Then,astheyviewedthepatterns,theirresponsesweremeasuredusingbothfacialelectromyography,whichbasicallytracksfacialresponseintermsofsmilesandfrowns,andskinconductanceresponse(SCR),whichmeasures"sympatheticarousal."Participantsalsoreportedhowtheyfelt.F.Inkeepingwiththis,previousstudyhasrepeatedlyfoundthatnewbornsaremorelikelytoshowsignsofneophobia(thefearofnewthings)inunknownorperceivedunsafeenvironments,comparedwithsafe,comfortablesettings.Inkeepingwiththat,previousstudyhasalsofoundthatbadmoodisoftenaresponsetoperceiveddangerordiscomfort,whilegoodmoodindicatesthat"anenvironmentisniceandfriendly."Itstandstoreasonthen,thestudyauthorsargue,thatthecausalrelationshipshouldgobothways.Thatis,ontheonehand,moodcanbearesponsetoenvironment,butontheother,moodcanalsochangethewayweperceivetheworldaroundus.G.Whilemanystudiesshowthatpeoplebecomemorewillingtotrynovelethnicfoodsastheygetolder,peopleseemtobecomemorereluctanttoeattheotherkindsofnovelfoodsastheygetolder.Giventhesedifferences,itmightbeexpectedthatdifferentkindsofnovelfoodsmightbedifferentiallysusceptibletotheeffectsofdifferentsituationalvariables;however,therearenodataavailable.

填空题Because of the effects of weather, the rock has an ______ (regular) surface.

填空题Drawer Commercial invoice Packing list Bill of exchange Customs invoice

填空题 Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased{{U}} (51) {{/U}}that causes rapid rises in prices.{{U}} (52) {{/U}}your money buys fewer goods so that you get{{U}} (53) {{/U}}for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise{{U}} (54) {{/U}}the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a{{U}} (55) {{/U}}when "a dollar is not worth a dollar any- more". Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the{{U}} (56) {{/U}}. Retired people, for instance, cannot{{U}} (57) {{/U}}on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to{{U}} (58) {{/U}}their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income{{U}} (59) {{/U}}any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to{{U}} (60) {{/U}}up with rising prices. In many cases they must stop (61) some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even{{U}} (62) {{/U}}working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The{{U}} (63) {{/U}}of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up with their standard of living, Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep{{U}} (64) {{/U}}with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living as{{U}} (65) {{/U}}because they are not able to buy as many goods and services. Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes{{U}} (66) {{/U}}which the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a{{U}} (67) {{/U}}year as the base. The base price is set{{U}} (68) {{/U}}100, and the other prices are reported as a{{U}} (69) {{/U}}of the base price. A price index makes{{U}} (70) {{/U}}possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.

填空题If you think Japan's hard-drinking business culture is as dead as the Sony Betamax, think again. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}Not only are company-sponsored drinking marathons back, so too are subsidized dorms for single employees as well as corporate outings such as hot-spring retreats and annual visits to the company founder's ancestral grave. "We realized that workplace communication was becoming nonexistent," explains human-resources manager Shinji Matsuyama, whose company, Alps Electric, spent several million dollars last year to bring together about 3,000 workers for its first companywide undokai, or mini-Olympics, in 14 years. According to Matsuyama, the shared experience of playing dodge ball and skipping rope "helped unite people under a common goal." It's that sense of team spirit and togetherness that many Japanese corporations are trying to revive. A generation ago, college grads entered companies en masse, lived together, drank together, quite often married each other, and retired together. This close-knit corporate culture, which was virtually national labor policy, was widely credited for Japan's rapid economic rise. But it all ended when the country went into economic recession in the 1990s. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}"The Japanese equated globalism with not just the American way of business, but with rejecting their past," says Jun Ishida, CEO of Tokyo-based business consultancy Will PM. "No more drinking sessions, no more company events. Suddenly it was about the individual out for himself and only himself." But as the economy rebounded in the past several years, many executives began to wonder if they had gone too far. Trying to rebuild company loyalty and decrease turnover, major companies including Canon, Kintetsu and Fujitsu have in recent years altered or scrapped their performance-based pay and restored seniority as a determinant of salaries. Meanwhile, trading house Mitsui last year reopened five dorms for single employees-a program that costs the company nearly ＄1 million a year. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}Despite the cramped conditions and shared bathrooms, 24-year-old Miki Masegi moved from her parents' house in central Tokyo to live with 105 female co-workers. Though her commuting time doubled, she says the move was worth it. "It really helps to have people around that you can talk to about your problems," Masegi says. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}One worker revealed how 9/11 changed his career outlook; another talked about how she drew strength from a gay classmate who came out in college. Company president Shrgeru Ota says the presentations are designed to "create a new type of family company by sharing life history.., delight, anger, sorrow and pleasure." Despite such experiments, Japanese companies may find it hard to restore the glory days of Japan Inc. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}Indeed, during Noboru Koyama's Saturday-night drinking session, employee Eri Shimoda confides that his co-workers "feel like family." Yet most of those who attended the party also say that, warm and fuzzy sentiment aside, they plan to leave the cleaning company within a few years. "Work is just work," says one of them. No amount of free sake, it seems, can convince today's young salarymen that their loyalty can be purchased on the company tab. A. Introducing dog-eat-dog values into corporate cultures that continue to prize the organization over the individual generated worker dissatisfaction. B. Companies are trying to foster friendship and loyalty in other ways as well. Every new employee of Tokyo p.r. firm Bilcom, for example, must spend a weekend making a three-minute digital slide show sharing their most moving personal experiences. C. After more than a decade of frugality (not to mention restraint) during Japan's lengthy economic recession, many Japanese companies are thriving today-and they're reviving some of the business customs that were hallmarks of Japan Inc. during the booming 1980s. D. That's because today, one in three Japanese works part-time; younger employees in particular tend to value mobility over the security of lifetime employment. E. However, unlike the elder generation, workers today are very dissatisfied with companies' efforts to restore loyalty and friendship. F. Threatened by cheap labor and more efficient business models, Japanese companies began adopting American management concepts such as merit-based pay and competition among employees. G. Employees have responded enthusiastically.

填空题The ozone layer (must be protected) because (it) shields the Earth (from) excessive ultra-vilolet (radiations). A. must protected B. it C. from D. radiations

填空题The light in the office is still on．I forgot ______ (turn)it off．

填空题Should it rain tomorrow we would cancel the gathering.

填空题In the cognitive literature, ______ is defined as a cognitive process in which the vehicle provides mental access to the target within the same domain.

填空题"Avoid the rush-hour" must be the slogan of large cities the world over. If it is, it's a slogan no one takes the least notice of. Twice a day, with predictable regularity, the pot boils over. Wherever you look, it's people, people, people. The trains which leave or arrive every few minutes are packed: an endless procession of human sardine tins. The streets are so crowed; there is hardly room to move on the pavements. The queues for buses reach staggering proportions. It takes ages for a bus to get to you because the traffic on the roads has virtually come to a standstill. Even when a bus does at last arrive, it's so full, it can't take any more passengers. This whole crazy system of commuting stretches man's resources to the utmost. The smallest unforeseen event can bring about conditions of utter chaos. A power-cut, for instance, an exceptionally heavy snowfall or a minor derailment must always make city-dwellers realize how precarious the balance is. (41)__________ (42)__________They impose their own living conditions on the people who inhabit them. City dwellers are obliged by their environment to adopt a wholly unnatural way of life. They lose touch with the land and rhythm of nature. It is possible to live such ah air-conditioned existence in a large city that you are barely conscious of the seasons. A few flowers in a public park (if you have the time to visit it) may remind you that it is spring or summer. A few leaves clinging to the pavement may remind you that it is autumn. Beyond that, what is going on in nature seems totally irrelevant. All the simple, good things of life like sunshine and fresh air are at a premium. Tall buildings blot out the sun. Traffic fumes pollute the atmosphere. Even the distinction between day and night is lost. The flow of traffic goes on unceasingly and the noise never stops. (43)__________The demand for accommodation is so great that it is often impossible for ordinary people to buy a house of their own. Exorbitant rents must be paid for tiny flats which even country hens would disdain to live in. (44)__________ (45)__________The crime rate in most cities is very high. Houses are burgles with alarming frequency. Cities breed crime and violence and are full of places you would be afraid to visit at night. If you think about it, they're not really fit to live in at all. Can anyone really doubt that the country is what man was born for and where he truly belongs.[A] However, people never doubt that they actually belong to the country.[B] The extraordinary thing is not that people put up with these conditions, but that they actually choose them in preference to anything else.[C] Accommodation apart, the cost of living is very high. Just about everything you buy is likely to be more expensive than it would be in the country.[D] In addition to all this, city-dwellers live under constant threat.[E] The prime difference lies in people's attitude towards life.[F] Large modern cities are too big to control.[G] The funny thing about it all is that you pay dearly for the "privilege" of living in a city.

填空题This is {{U}}the only copy of the picture in existence. {{/U}}Please keep it.

填空题In the second that the boxer was off guard, his opponent landed a knockout punch.

填空题We have to realize how old, how very old, we are. Nations are classified as "aged" when they have 7 percent or more of their people aged 65 or above, and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this. Of the really ancient societies, with over 13 percent above 65, all are in Northwestern Europe. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be—at least, for any future that concerns us now. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognized. There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths. There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio—the degree to which those who cannot earn depend for a living on those who can—is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world, because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than, numbers of the inactive aged. There is the appreciation of the historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change. If "revolution" is a rapid resettlement of the social structure, and if the age composition of the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure, then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50. Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. These facts and circumstances had leading position at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy, held at Vichy in France. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birth rate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere, and this will continue. But too much of that lengthened experience, even in the wealthy West, will be experience of poverty and neglect, unless we do something about it. If you are in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live near one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woman. 41．The closer a society gets to zero population increase, ______. 42．The dependency ratio means______ 43．A world conference was held at Vichy in France to______ 44．The Europeans have grown so old because of______ 45．If you are a woman, you're______[A] experienced in poor conditions.[B] more likely to live longer.[C] discuss aging as a challenge both science and policy confronts.[D] these things have far-reaching implications.[E] the degree to which those non-earners rely on those earners.[F] the older its population tends to be.[G] the early drop in birth rate.

填空题Conversation calls for {{U}}a{{/U}} willingness to alternate the role of speaker with {{U}}one{{/U}} of {{U}}listener{{/U}}, and it calls for occasional 'digestive pauses' {{U}}by{{/U}} both. A. a B. one C. listener D. by

填空题This kind of small car is ______ (economy) to run.

填空题Because this is the first day of the new program，we can not say ______ how it will be received． 由于这是新计划的第一天，我们还说不好它将引起什么反应。

填空题The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as______.（中山大学2008研)

填空题Our Sales Confirmation No．BC510 ______ two originals were airmailed to you．Please sign and return one copy of them ______ our file.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} This part consists of two short passages, in each, there are mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash (—) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (—). Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. {{U}}A state university president was arrested today and charged with impersonate a police officer{{/U}} because, the authorities say, he pulled over a speeding driver here last month. (57) {{U}}Using flashing headlights, Richard L, Judd. 64 the president of Central Connecticut State University, made the driver, Peter Baba, 24, of Plainville, pull on Jan. 23{{/U}}. the state police said. (58) {{U}}He then flashed a gold badge and barked at him for speed, they said{{/U}}. (59) {{U}}Mr. Judd is New Britain's police commissioner from 1981 to 1989 and from, 1993 to 1995{{/U}}. (60) {{U}}But Detective Harold Gannon of the New Britain police said today that the job involved more policy as police work{{/U}}, and did not include the authority to charge or chide criminals. (61) {{U}}The gold badge was mere a university award{{/U}}. (62) {{U}}The governor said he would not ask for a resignation because Mr. Judd had made a "misjudgment" and had written a letter of apologizing{{/U}}(63) Later, {{U}}Mr. Judd's lawyer, Paul J. McQuillan, issued a long apology from his superior{{/U}}, whom he described as "the best thing to happen to New Britain," (64) "{{U}}My experience and instinct as an E. M. T. and former police commissioner prompted me to involve myself with this matter{{/U}}," Mr. Judd said in the statement (65) "{{U}}In hindsight, I see it was mine to manage{{/U}}."