填空题To win the game, that we practise everyday is a must .

填空题The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter. 41)______Animals have a few cries that serve as signals, but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, even with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that in this respect picture language preceded oral language. A man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to show in which direction he had gone, or what prey he hoped to catch. 42)______ Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. 43)______ 44)______ These inventions and discoveries—fire, speech, weapons domestic animals, agriculture, and writing made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B. C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had been confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the Indus, but at the end of the period in question it covered much the greatest part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during the time. 45)______A. Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man.B. Another fundamental technical advance was writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.C. With the development of civilization, primitive people who lived in caves at that time badly needed a language, which would help them to communicate with one another.D. The origin of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually.E. In fact, there was progress--there were even two inventions of very great importance, namely, gunpowder and the mariner's compass--but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.F. These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.G. But industry was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine ag

填空题In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, ______inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.

填空题It is in his spare time when Robert teaches himself English and Japanese.

填空题At no time and under no circumstances China will be the first to use nuclear weapons. A. At B. China will C. the first D. to use

填空题opponent, opposition, orderly, orthodox This writer is courageous enough to challenge many of the established____.

填空题The IPA chart has been revised and corrected several times and is widely used in dictionaries and textbooks throughout the world. The latest version was revised in 1993 and updated in 1996 and______.

填空题Translate From Chinese to English．(中国传媒大学2012研，考试科目：基础英语) 社会主义与民主、法制不是相悖离的。民主、法制、自由、人权、平等、博爱等等，这不是资本主义所特有的，这是全世界在漫长的历史过程中共同形成的文明成果，也是人类共同追求的价值观。世界上有2，000多个民族，200多个国家和地区，他们的社会历史文化不同，他们的发展水平不同，实现民主的形式和途径也是不相同的。这种文化的多样性是不以人们的意志为转移的。 社会主义民主归根结底是让人民当家作主，这就需要保障人民的民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督的权利；就是要创造一种条件，让人民监督和批评政府；就是要在平等、公正和自由的环境下，让每一个人都得到全面的发展；就是要充分发挥人的创造精神和独立思维的能力；就是要实行依法治国，完善法制，建设法治国家。 我们的社会主义建设，包括社会主义民主政治建设，经验都还不足。我们愿意实行开放政策，学习世界上一切先进的文明成果，结合我们自己的实际，走中国式的民主道路。社会主义由不成熟到成熟、由不完善到完善、由不发达到比较发达，还需要一个很长的过程。

填空题How awful it would be to be a celebrity, always in the public eyes, Celebrities lead very. stressful lives, no matter (51) glamorous or powerful they are, they have too little privacy, too (52) pressure, and no safety. (53) . one thing, celebrities don't have the privacy an ordinary person has. The most personal details of their lives are splashed all over the front pages of newspapers and magazines. (54) a celebrity's family is hauled into the spotlight. Photographers hound celebrities at their homes, in restaurants, and (55) the streets, hoping to get a picture of their idols. When celebrities try to do the things that normal people do, like eat (56) or attend a football game, they (57) the risk of being interrupted by thoughtless autograph hounds or mobbed by aggressive fans. (58) addition to the loss of privacy, celebrities must cope (59) the constant pressure of having to look great and act right. Their physical appearance is always (60) observation, Famous women, especially, (61) from the spotlight, drawing remarks like "She really looks old" or "Boy, has she put on weight". Unflattering pictures of celebrities are photographers' prizes to be sold to the highest bidder; this increases the pressure on celebrities to look good (62) all times. Famous people are also under pressure to act calm under any (63) . Because they are constantly observed, they have (64) freedom to blow off steam or to do something just a little crazy. Most important, celebrities must deal with the stress of being in constant danger. The friendly grabs, hugs, and kisses of enthusiastic fans can quickly turn into uncontrolled assaults on a celebrity's hair, clothes, and car. Most people agree that photographers (65) some responsibility for the death of one of the leading celebrities of the 1990s—Princess Diana. (66) or not their pursuit caused the crash that took her life, it % clear she was chased as aggressively as any escaped convict (67) bloodhounds. And celebrity can even lead to deliberately lethal attacks. The attempt to kill Ronald Reagan and the murder of John Lennon came about because 2 unbalanced people became obsessed with these world-famous figures. Famous people must live with the fact that they are always fair game—and never (68) out of season, Some people (69) of starring roles, their names in lights, and their picture on the cover of People magazine. But the cost is far too high. A famous person gives up private life, feels pressured to look and act certain ways all the time, and is never completely safe. And ordinary, calm life is far safer and saner (70) a life of fame.

填空题"By______is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. "

填空题Unlike Americans who seem to prefer coffee, the English drinks a great deal of tea. A. Unlike B. to prefer C. drinks D. a great deal

填空题 Canadians like to think that although they are the junior partner in their trade relations with the United States, the 174 billion barrels of proven reserves in the oil sands of Alberta provide a powerful ace up their sleeve in any dealings with their energy-hungry neighbor. That belief has now been shaken by an American law that appears to prohibit American government agencies from buying crude produced in the oil sands of the western province. 41. ______. But that is the effect of banning federal agencies from buying alternative or synthetic fuel, including that from non-conventional sources, if their production and use result in more greenhouse gases than conventional oil. Transforming Alberta’s tarry muck into a barrel of oil is an energy-intensive process that produces about three times the emissions of a barrel of conventional light sweet crude. Having woken belatedly to the danger, the Canadian government is now scrambling to secure an exception. Michael Wilson, Canada’s ambassador in Washington, has written to America’s secretary of defense, Robert Gates (whose department is a big purchaser of Canadian oil), stressing American dependence on Canadian oil, electricity, natural gas and uranium imports, and noting that some of the biggest players in the Alberta oil patch are American companies. Mr. Wilson added plaintively that both George Bush and his energy secretary, Samuel Bodman, have publicly welcomed expanded oil-sands production, given the increased contribution to American energy security. 42. ______. The fear in Canada is that the American purchasing restriction, which at present applies only to federal agencies, is the start of a wholesale shift to greener as well as more protectionist policies under a Congress and potentially a White House controlled by the Democrats. 43. ______. Yet environmentalists point out that Canada is now paying for its own foot-dragging at the federal level on green initiatives. Having signed the Kyoto agreement under a previous Liberal government, Canada did little to stop its emissions rising. They are now almost 35% above the Kyoto target. And although Mr. Baird likes to describe his plan as tough, it will not bring Canada into line with Kyoto. 44. ______. The vagueness of the proposed federal rules did not stop the premier of Alberta, Ed Stelmach, from giving a defiant warning that he will stand up for the interests of Albertans (read oil industry) and will be examining the constitution to ensure that the federal government’s proposed plan does not intrude on provincial jurisdiction. His province has one of the weakest environmental regimes in Canada. 45. ______. But even if a deal is reached with the outgoing Bush administration, any exception for Canada may be short-lived if greening Democrats take the White House in November. [A] Since 1999, Canada has been the largest supplier of U. S. crude and refined oil imports. In 2007, Canadian crude oil and petroleum products represented 18% of U. S. crude oil imports, at nearly 2.5 million barrels per day. From 2005 to 2007, the volume of Canadian crude oil exports to the United States increased by 7.4% per year. [B] John Baird, the Canadian environment minister, referred this week to the American move when he unveiled new proposals to reduce industrial emissions in Canada, including the oil sands, by 20% by 2020. Big states like California were making similar pronouncements, he told reporters. The oil sands were an important national resource, but had to be expanded in an environmentally friendly way. [C] As Canada’s representative in Washington, Mr. Wilson is the point man on Canada’s lobbying efforts either to kill the Buy American clause, or to get a special exemption for Canada. [D] The Energy Independence and Security Act 2007 did not set out to discriminate against Canada, America’s biggest supplier of oil. [E] With energy exports, mainly from Alberta, driving the Canadian economy, this is not a happy thought for Canadians. [F] Although the Canadian embassy says that there has been no official response to Mr. Wilson’s letter, there are reports of talks going on in Washington aimed at addressing Canada’s concerns. [G]The rules for the oil sands, now the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases, have yet to be finalized and will not come into force until 2010. Furthermore, they rely on carbon capture, a promising but unproven technology.

填空题For $50，you cannot expect to buy something thats good-looking and ______． 花50美元你买不到好看并且设计很好的东西。

填空题He remained calm even {{U}}面临如此明显的危险{{/U}}.

填空题Directions: You are going to read a list of ]wadings and a text about leadership. Choose a heading from the list A-F that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.A. Thinks Positively. B. Knows That Principles Are More Important than Rules. C. Possesses a Sense of Humor. D. Communicates Facts That Are Hard to Take. E. Cares for Others and Their Well-being. F. Has Integrity and Authenticity. G. Order Is Important. Much has been written about the tasks of leaders and the skills required for leadership. There has been considerable debate about the question of whether leaders are born or made. Likely behind these arguments is the difference between personal characteristics that some people have at birth and skills that one can acquire through education and practice. But the important personal characteristics, while they may seem innate in some people, can be cultivated, and indeed, require cultivation in all of us. For unless they are strengthened through conscious attention and cultivation, they can, for example, easily be forgotten or ignored in the craziness of activity often associated with leadership. What are some of these characteristics? One could make many lists, but here are five personal traits that seem especially important. A good leader: {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}An effective leader is "genuine", internally and externally consistent. A good leader is one of whom it can be said, "What you see is what you get" —there is never any wonder as to whether the imaage, the "person" presented to the world, really reflects the person. Such a leader has honesty—he/she says what he/she means, means what he/she says. A good leader has a consistency of purpose, operates out of discernible principles, and "stands for" something worthwhile and detectable. Honesty and reliability require self-reflection, the ability to understand oneself honestly, the capacity to assess one's strengths and weaknesses accurately, and acceptance of one"s self. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}A good leader takes responsibility seriously but never takes himself seriously. Such a leader can help people relax and get through tough situations in good spirits. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}A good leader understands that nothing except a great work of art can be done by one person alone—that something of lasting value is almost always the result of a group effort. But even more than that, a good leader genuinely is concerned with and interested in others. Such concerning means that a good leader is collegial, building a sense of group identity and purpose. A good leader "brings out the best" in each of those who follow, seeks the development and advancement of each member of the group, and delights in each person's growth in ability and of character. A good leader rejoices in the success of group members without announcement of jealousy. A good leader is deliberative, involving the group in decisions wherever possible and encourages, supports, and applauds the members of the group. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}One of the primary roles of the leader is to inspire hope, even in a difficult situation. This is not the same as being blindly optimistic. We think, for example, of Franklin Roosevelt's "We have nothing to fear but fear itself" or of Desmond Tutu's observation about apartheid in South Africa that since "it is difficult to be optimistic, one must have hope. " Such a leader empowers followers, making them believe that they can accomplish worthwhile but very difficult things. He actually creates energy in the group by being active without becoming unrealistic. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}A good leader understands that order is important to a group but that rigidity destroys the followe rs' emotion state. Lasting, empowering order comes more from trust and the. development of group norms than from regulations imposed by a leader. Doubtless, everyone would develop a somewhat different, and in many cases, a longer list of personal characteristics. But a leader who is conscious of such a list, who questions the extent to which he or she lives and acts in accord with these traits, and who deliberately cultivates these characteristics is likely to be a successful and appreciated leader.

填空题You can ______ your tea with honey instead of sugar. (sweet)