填空题Recently, French taxi drivers paralysed Paris in protest against Uber, a ride-sharing service, and attacked a few Uber cars for good measure. From Uber"s point of view, all this is but a minor inconvenience: Paris is just one of 300 cities it serves. Far more worrying is what is happening in the company"s own backyard in San Francisco. The California Labour Commissioner ruled that Uber owes a former driver, Berwick, $ 4,152, mostly in expenses, on the ground that she was an employee rather than, as Uber claims, an independent contractor. 1 Uber is not the only big American company whose business model may be upended by employment law. Last year the National Labour Relations Board"s general counsel said he would treat McDonald"s as a joint employer, together with franchisees, of staff in the chain"s franchised restaurants. This opinion will soon be tested in a case brought by ten employees who claim that they were sacked by a franchisee in Virginia on racial grounds. 2 Uber has to confront state governments which stand to gain sizeable tax revenues if on-demand workers are classified as employees. McDonald"s has to wrestle with the Service Employees International Union, which has been trying for years to unionise fast-food restaurants. The legal situation seems to be murky in both cases. A pro-Uber lawyer could argue that the firm is essentially little more than a marketmaker that provides a forum for buyers and sellers of rides to come together. 3 Likewise, a pro-McDonald"s lawyer could argue that it is the franchisees who hire and fire workers, and who run the business from day to day. An anti-McDonald"s lawyer could point to the detailed rules that the company lays down on how workers in franchised restaurants are trained and how they should serve customers. 4 The post-war growth of franchising, and the expansion of companies that used freelance door-to-door sellers, began to blur the distinction. Now, the "on-demand" economy is all but obliterating it, by letting people sell their labour and rent out their assets—from cars to apartments—in a series of short-term assignments arranged by smartphone app. That the law is so dated suggests that judges should exercise as light a touch as possible. 5 Forcing McDonald"s to become a co-employer would expose those franchisees to coordinated union action and make it much more difficult for them to respond to local circumstances. A. Both Uber and McDonald"s are up against powerful interest groups that are capable of both fighting prolonged legal battles and playing on the public"s heartstrings. B. Uber"s drivers, and their peers at on-demand firms, would get expenses and other benefits if they were declared employees—but they would have less flexibility over working hours and, more important, the increased cost of employing them might mean fewer jobs. C. If the rulings go against the company, its labour costs may rise significantly, as it is forced to pay drivers" social security and other benefits as well as their expenses. Its valuation, which is currently above $ 40 billion, may suffer. D. The fundamental problem is that in America, as in many other rich countries, employment law has failed to keep up with the changing realities of modern work. In those days a far larger proportion of American men worked in manufacturing; most women did not work; and the difference between employees, who worked full-time for a company, and contractors, who were typically tradesmen such as plumbers, seemed much clearer. E. The most important thing to remember about the on-demand economy is that it has been a dramatic success not just for consumers but also for workers seeking flexibility. That is why Uber"s number of drivers has been doubling every six months for the past couple of years. F. The franchise model has thrived because it allows local entrepreneurs to join forces with a global goliath to scale up their businesses quickly while operating them according to local labour-market conditions. G. They are free to work for rivals, such as Lyft. An anti-Uber lawyer could retort that the company exercises considerable control over its workers. It screens them for criminal records, and weeds out those who get poor reviews from passengers.

填空题Paraphrase the following sentences.(10x2% =20%)The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.

填空题{{B}}Directions: Read the following dialogue and try to fill up the gaps with proper words, phrases, or sentences.{{/B}} Beth: Did you hear that Ron was in the hospital? Mimi: Oh, really?{{U}} (56) {{/U}}with him? Beth: He's got a very high temperature. I guess it may be cholera (霍乱). Mimi: Cholera! How in the world did{{U}} (57) {{/U}}? Beth: Who knows?! Mimi: {{U}}(58) {{/U}}for a long time? Beth: For a couple of weeks, apparently. But he only{{U}} (59) {{/U}}on Monday. Mimi: Why did he wait so long? He should have seen a doctor earlier. Beth: Yes, I know. But luckily the doctor says if he stays in the hospital for a few weeks, he should be able to improve. Mimi: Gee, {{U}}(60) {{/U}}.

填空题A. Xiamen is a rapidly growing modern city with a vigorous economy. B. Min cuisine is one of the eight most famous cuisines of China. C. Elephant Trunk Peak is so named for its distinctive shape. D. Xiamen is one of the cleanest and most beautiful seaport cities in China. A: It"s a great honor to have you visit Xiamen. B: Thank you and I find 1 . A: Yes. Xiamen has always been an important trading port since the Opium War. B: It is said that Xiamen is a "window city" for China"s opening to the outside world. A: It is also one of the municipalities designated under separate state plan and enjoying provincial level of power in economic management. B: Today, 2 . A: That"s true! Over the past 10 years, Xiamen has increasingly focused on the cultivation of international trade, education and tourism. B: I"ve heard that Xiamen Island is also known as Egret Island. A: That"s because it is shaped like a white egret. B: Are there any sightseeing spots on Xiamen Island? A: Of course, there are a lot. Ten Thousand Stone Mountain boasts because of many oddly shaped rocks and stones. 3 . There is a botanical garden on the Ten Thousand Stone Mountain, with three or four thousand tropical and subtropical plants. The small gardens are dotted with pavilions and platforms. At the foot of the Five-Elder Peak stands the Nanputuo Temple, the most famous Buddhist Temple in Fujian Province. Behind the temple stands a screen of five peaks colored by green trees and bamboos. They are called "Five Old Gentlemen Reaching the Clouds" and are the one of the eight grand sights of Xiamen. Coming to the top, you not only have a view of the mountain undulating in the wind, but also the view of the sea surging in the distance. B: Is Xiamen also famous for its delicious food? A: Yes! Xiamen abounds in sea food all the year round. Fruits are available in all four seasons. 4 . One of the most famous and traditional dish of Xiamen food is Wall-Jump Buddha. It is said that the food is so delicious that even Buddha was tempted by it and humped over a wall to taste it. B: It"s interesting! Thank you very much for your introduction! A: That"s my pleasure. Welcome to Xiamen and enjoy yourself!

填空题One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for "language", which is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking, listening, writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors.

填空题Social customs are ______ what they used to be fifty years ago． 社会习俗与50年前不一样了。

填空题The Romantic period in American literature stretches from(3)to(4)

填空题Customer: (56) , but could you help me? Clerk: With pleasure. (57) ? Customer: (58) where I can find Mr. Zhang? Clerk: (59) . Mr Zhang is upstairs. Customer: (60) very much. Clerk: Not at all, Miss.

填空题The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by______. (中山大学2008研)

填空题English-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学2011研，考试科目：写作翻译)Torcello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an outing from Venice. Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off chartered motor-boats, and off yachts: all day they amble up the towpath, looking for what? The cathedral is decorated with early mosaics-scenes from hell, much restored, and a great sad, austere Madonna: Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors have acquired it. They wander into the church and look round aimlessly. They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Attila. They relentlessly tear at the wild roses which one has seen in bud and longed to see in bloom and which for a day have scented the whole island. As soon as they are picked the roses fade and are thrown into the canal. The Americans visit the inn to eat or drink something. The English declare that they can"t afford to do this. They take food which they have brought with them into the vineyard and I am sorry to say leave the devil of a mess behind them. Every Thursday Germans come up the towpath, marching as to war, with a Leader. There is a standing order for fifty luncheons at the inn:while they eat the Leader lectures them through a megaphone. After luncheon they march into the cathedral and undergo another lecture. They, at least, know what they are seeing. Then they march back to their boat. They are tidy: they leave no litter.

填空题It was Usuch/U interesting Ua book/U that both my son and my daughter Ucouldn’t/U put it Udown/U.

填空题The shelter offers some pro______ from the icy winds.

填空题naturalistic(or observational)studies

填空题So we are ______ good position ______ serve our customers the most reliable quality of the line you suggested．

填空题 The influence of the moral standards of the home is evident. If there is no recognition of the difference{{U}} (46) {{/U}}right and wrong, it is hard for the child to acquire the qualities which are necessary{{U}} (47) {{/U}}good citizenship. Unwise discipline is, almost equally obvious, {{U}}(48) {{/U}}factor often found in the background of the young offender. But important{{U}} (49) {{/U}}these two factors are, they do not cover the whole field. The experience of those who work with juvenile delinquents has shown us{{U}} (50) {{/U}}greatly behavior is influenced by the emotional relationships within the family circle. The extent to which{{U}} (51) {{/U}}is affection between the{{U}} (52) {{/U}}and the child, and in the early stages especially between the mother and the child, is evidently of fundamental{{U}} (53) {{/U}}to his development, lack of love is more{{U}} (54) {{/U}}to produce delinquency{{U}} (55) {{/U}}bad material conditions.

填空题A. Hold the line B. flight number C. ask a questionD. To New York E. May I have you name F. reconfirm my seatG. please check in H. On May 11thReservations clerk: Northwind Airlines. Can I help you? Daniel Adams: Hello. I'd like to【R1】______ , please. Reservations clerk: May I have your name and【R2】______ ,please? Daniel Adams: name is Daniel Adams and my flight number is 374. Reservations clerk: When are you leaving? Daniel Adams:【R3】______Reservations clerk: And your destination? Daniel Adams: Buenos Aires.Reservations clerk: 【R4】______ ,please. ( . . . ) All right. Your seat is confirmed, Mr. Adams. You'll be arriving in Buenos Aires at 4 o'clock p. m. local time. Daniel Adams: Thank you. Can I pick up my ticket when I check in? Reservations clerk: Yes, but【R5】______ at least one hour before departure time.

填空题The ______ crowd rushed into the mayors office and ______ passers-by soon gathered around the building． 激动的人群冲进市长的办公室，感兴趣的行人很快在大楼周围聚集了起来。

填空题The little girl watched the balloons as they ______ into the sky． 小女孩看着气球向天空中飘去。