填空题If inflation gets any worse, people who have worked all their lives will end up with nothing.

填空题In the word "suitable" , -able is a______morpheme rather than an inflectional one.

填空题Translate the following into Chinese．(东南大学2004研，考试科目：英美文学与翻译)An infant has to learn the meaning of the information which its senses convey to it, and this seems to be its employment. It fancies all that the eye presents to it to be close to it, till it actually learns the contrary and thus by practice does it ascertain the relations and uses of those first elements of knowledge which are necessary for its animal existence. A parallel teaching is necessary for our social beings, and it is secured by a large school or a college, and this effect may be fairly called in its own department an enlargement of mind...Here then is a real teaching, whatever be its standards and principles, true or false: and it at least tends towards cultivation of the intellect: it at least recognizes that knowledge is something more than a sort of passive reception of scraps and details: it is a something, and it does a something, which never will issue from the most strenuous efforts of a set of teachers, with no mutual sympathies and no intercommunication, of a set of examiners with no opinions which they dare profess, and with no common principles, who are teaching or questioning a set of youths who do not know them, and do not know each other, on a large number of subjects, different in kind, and connected by no wide philosophy, three times a week, or three times a year, or once in three years, in chill lecture-rooms or on a pompous anniversary...How much more profitable for the independent mind, after the mere rudiments of education, to range through a library at random, taking down books as they meet him, and pursuing the trains of thought which his mother wit suggests! How much healthier to wander into the fields, and there with the exiled prince to find"tongues in the trees, and books in the running brooks" !

填空题The most clearly defined Romantic literary movement in the U. S. is New England______.

填空题The word economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a potential hunger crisis in poor countries and an energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. The price of wheat, corn and rice have more than doubled in the past two years. And oil's price have increased more than three times since the start of 2004. These food-price increases, combined with increasing energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even affect political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these problems do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally. The crisis has its roots in four interlinked trends. The first is the chronically low productivity of farmers in the poorest countries, caused by their inability to pay for seeds, fertilizers and irrigation. The second is the misguided policy in the U. S. and Europe of subsidizing the diversion of food crops to produce biofuels like corn-based ethanol. The third is climate change: take the recent droughts in Australia and Europe, which cut the global production of grain in 2005 and 2006. The fourth is the growing global demand for food and feed grain brought on by swelling populations and incomes. In short, rising demand has hit a limited supply, with the poor taking the hardest blow. So, what should be done? Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis. The first is to promote the dramatic success of Malawi, a country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity. Malawi's harvest doubled alter just one years. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion altogether. Such a fund could fight hunger as effectively as the Global fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria is controlling those diseases. Second, the U. S. and Europe should abandon their policies of paying partly for the change of food into biofuels. The U. S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed payment of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol (乙醇) changed from corn. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods—tree crops, grasses and wood products—but there's no case for the government to pay to put the world's dinner into the gas tank. Third, we urgently need to weather-proof die world's crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond— which collects rainwater to be used in dry weather—can make the difference between a good harvest and a bad one. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise. A. poor countries B. all the world C. the Climate Adaptation Fund D. the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria E. Bangladesh F. Malawi G. the U. S. and Europe

填空题foreground postgraduate foresee post-election foresight post-race forewarn post-Christmas

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are going to read a text about The Big Melt, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Say goodbye to the world's tropical glaciers and ice caps. Many will vanish within 20 years. When Lonnie Thompson visited Peru's Quelccaya ice cap in 1977, he couldn't help noticing a school-bus-size boulder that was upended by ice pushing against it. Thompson returned to the same spot last year, and the boulder was still there, but it was lying on its side. The ice that once supported the massive rock had retreated far into the distance, leaving behind a giant lake as it melted away. Foe Thompson, a geologist with Ohio State University's Byrd Polar Research Center, the rolled-back rock was an obvious sign of climate change in the Andes Mountains. "Observing that over 25 years personally really brings it home," he says. "Your don't have to be a believer in global warming to see what's happening." 41. Thawed ice caps in the tropics. Quelccaya is the largest ice cap in the tropics, but it isn't the only one that is melting, according to decades of research by Thompson's team. No tropical glaciers are currently known to be advancing, and Thompson predicts that many mountaintops will be completely melted within the next 20 years. 42. Situation in areas other than the tropics. The phenomenon isn't confined to the tropics. Glaciers in Europe, Russia, new Zealand, the United States, and elsewhere are also melting. 43. The worsening effects of global warming. For many scientists, the widespread melt-down is a clear sign that humans are affecting global climate, primarily by raising the levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 44. Receding ice caps. That's not to say that glaciers, currently found on every continent except Australia, haven't melted in the past as a result of natural variability. These rivers of ice exist in a delicate balance between inputs (accumulating snow and ice) and outputs (melting and "calving" of large chunks of ice). Over time, the balance can tilt in either direction, causing glaciers to advance or retreat. What's different now is the speed at which the scales have tipped. "We've been surprised at how rapid the rate of retreat has been," says Thompson. His team began mapping one of the main glaciers flowing out of the Quelccaya ice cap in 1978, using satellite images and ground surveys. 45. Thinning ice cores. And its' not just the margin of the ice cap that is melting. At Quelccaya and Mount Kilimanjaro, the researchers have found that the ice fields are thinning as well. Besides mapping ice caps and glaciers, Thompson and his colleagues have taken core samples from Quelccaya since 1976, when the ice at the drilling location was 154 meters thick. Thompson and his colleagues have also drilled ice cores from other locations in South America, Africa, and China. Trapped within each of these cores is a climate record spanning more than 8,000 years. It shows that the past 50 years are the warmest in history. The 4-inch-thick ice cores are now stored in freezers at Ohio State. On the future, says Thompson, that may be the only place to see what's left of the glaciers of Africa and Peru. [A] The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, prepared by hundreds of scientists and approved by government delegates from more than 100 nations, states. "There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities." The report, released in January, says that the planet's average surface temperature increased by about 0. 6℃ during the 20th century, and is projected to increase another 1.4℃ to 5.8℃ by 2100. That rate of warming is "with-out precedent during at least the last 10,000 years," says the IPCC. [B] Alaska's massive Bering and Columbia Glaciers located in nontropical regions, for example, have receded by more than 10 kilometers during the past century. And a study by geologists at the University of Colorado at Boulder predicts that Glacier National Park in Montana, under the influence of melting, will lose all of its glaciers by 2070. [C] For example, about 97 per cent of the planet's water is seawater. Another 2 per cent is locked in icecaps and glaciers. There are also reserves of fresh water under the earth's surface but these are too deep for us to use economically. [D] For example, Africa's Mount Kilimanjaro in tropical areas has lost 82 percent of its ice field since it was first mapped in 1912. That year, Kilimanjaro had 12.1 square kilometers of ice. By last year, the ice covered only 2.2 square kilometers. At the current rate of melting, the snows of Kilimanjaro that Ernest Hemingway wrote about will be gone within 15 years, Thompson estimates. "But it probably will happen sooner, because the rate is speeding up." [E] "I fully expect to be able to return there in a dozen years or so and see the marks on the rock where our drill bit punched through the ice," says Thompson. If that happens, it will mean that a layer of ice more than 500 feet thick has vanished into thin air. [F] The glacier, Qori Kalis, was then retreating by 4. 9 meters per year. Every time the scientists returned, Qori Kalis was melting faster. Between 1998 and 2000, it was retreating at a rate of 155 meters per years (more than a foot per day), 32 times faster than in 1978. "You can almost sit there and watch it move," says Thompson.

填空题Prometheus Unbound, a lyrical drama in four acts, was written by______.

填空题Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language, that is, language has______, interpersonal and textual functions.（中山大学2008研)

填空题Mother found Mike still ______ when she came into his room at eight in the morning．妈妈早上8点到迈克的房间时发现他还在睡觉。

填空题Translate the underlined parts into Chinese．(南京大学2012研，考试科目：基础英语) In his new book, Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell maps the secrets of successful people. Here is an interview about the new book: Q:(1) You write that talent and IQ don"t matter as much as we think they do. What do we really need to become successful? A: An innate gift and a certain amount of intelligence are important, but what really pays is ordinary experience.(2) Bill Gates is successful largely because—he had the good fortune to attend a school that gave him the opportunity to spend an enormous amount of time programming computers—more than 10, 000 hours, in fact, before he started his own company. He was also born at a time when that experience was extremely rare, which set him apart. Q: What about your own life story? A: Success is the steady accumulation of advantages.(3) In my case, you can"t understand me without understanding my family, which means going back to 18th-century Jamaica. I am the descendant of an African slave and a white plantation owner. Unlike in the American South, the offspring of such relationships were allowed to be free. So while my great-great-great-grandmother was a slave, her son was a preacher.(4) That gave our family an extraordinary advantage, which persisted for generations and put my grandmother in a position to achieve great personal and professional success, which in turn helped my mother. I am the inheritor of that legacy. This was a revelation: I hadn"t known my true story until I started researching this book. It was profoundly humbling. Q: Is there such a thing as an overnight success? A: No. And that"s my concern with a show like American Idol. It encourages the false belief that there"s a kind of magic, that you can be " discovered. " That may be the way television works, but it"s not the way the world works.(5) Rising to the top of any field requires an enormous amount of dedication, focus, drive, talent and 99 factors that they don"t show on television. It"s not simply about being picked.

填空题A. Excuse me, sir? B. Could I speak to Bruce, please?C. I'm not sure if he would give me one or two. D. My telephone number has changed.E. A little better. F. Has he got your telephone number?G. He's not in at the moment. H. You're welcome.Mrs. Lee: Hello. 68178502.David: Hello.【R1】______Mrs. Lee: Sorry.【R2】______ Can I take a message?David: Yes. This is David, Bruce's friend. I want to ask him for some Chinese ancient coins. He told me he had got some recently.【R3】______ I don't care if they were made of different metals. I just want to add some more coins in my collection. Mrs. Lee: OK. I'll tell him. Would you like him to ring you back later?David: Well, I won't be at home later this day. Would you please ask him to ring me tomorrow morning? Mrs. Lee: Sure.【R4】______David: Oh, sorry.【R5】______ The new number is 66129853. Mrs. Lee: OK. I'll write a message for him.David: It's really nice of you, Madam. Thank you very much. Goodbye! Mrs. Lee: Bye!

填空题A．how long do you think that B．international communications C．I cannot see you frequently D．after you finish your degree E．how often do you see me F．I have not seen you in a while G．Learn something important H．So where have you been Adam：Hello．it’s been a long time since I have seen you． Peter：It is true that (56) ． Adam：Exactly (57) it has been? Peter：I believe that it has been two years since we last saw each other． Adam： (58) since I last saw you? Peter：I am working on my doctorate at USC． Adam：What is your field of emphasis? Peter：I decided to pursue (59) ． Adam：I think that you will be very employable (60) ． Peter：I hope that when I finish I will find good work．

填空题 Back when we were kids, the hours spent with friends were too numerous to count. There were marathon telephone conversations; all-night studying and giggling sessions. Even after boyfriends entered the pictured our best friends remained irreplaceable. And time was the means by Which we nurtured those friendships. Now as adult women we never seem to have enough time for anything. Husbands, kids, careers and avocations--all require attention; too often, making time for our friends comes last on the list of priorities. And yet, ironically, we need our friends as much as ever in adulthood. A friendship network is absolutely crucial for our well being as adults. We have to do the hard work of building and sustaining the network. Here are some important ways for accomplishing this.{{B}} Let go of your less central friendships.{{/B}} Many of our friendships were never meant to last a lifetime. It's natural that some friendships have time limits. Furthermore, now everyone has a busy social calendar, so pull back from some people that you don't really want to draw close to and give the most promising friendship a fair chance to grow.{{B}} (41) Be willing to "drop everything" when you're truly needed.{{/B}} You may get a call from a friend who is really depressed over a certain problem when you are just sitting down to enjoy a romantic dinner with your husband. This is just one of those instances when a friend's needs mattered more.{{B}} (42) Take advantage of the mails.{{/B}} Nearly all of us have pals living far away--friends we miss very much. Given the limited time available for visits and the high price of phone calls, writing is a fine way to keep in touch and makes both sender and receiver feel good.{{B}} (43) Risk expressing negative feelings.{{/B}} When time together is tough to come by, it's natural to want the mood during that time to be upbeat. And many people fear that others will think less of you if you express the negative feelings like anger and hurt.{{B}} (44) Don't make your friends' problems your own.{{/B}} Sharing your friend's grief is the way you show deep friendship.{{B}} Never underestimate the value of loyalty.{{/B}} Loyalty has always been rated as one of the most desired qualities in friends. True loyalty can be a fairly subtle thing. Some people feel it means that, no matter what, your friend will always take you side. But real loyalty is being accepting the person, not necessarily of certain actions your friend might take.{{B}} (45) Give the gift of time as often as time allows.{{/B}} Time is what we don't have nearly enough of--and yet, armed with a little ingenuity, we can make it to give it to our friends. The last but not the least thing to keep a friendship alive is to say to your friends "I miss you and love you." Saying that at the end of a phone conversation, or a visit, or writing it on a birthday card, can sustain your friendship for the times you aren't together.[A] But taking on your friend's pain doesn't make that pain go away. There's a big difference between empathy or recognizing a friend's pain, and over identification, which makes the sufferer feel even weaker-- "I must be in worse pain than I even thought, because the person I'm confiding in is suffering so much!" Remember troubled people just need their friends to stay grounded in their own feelings.[B] Remember honesty is the key to keeping a friendship real. Sharing your pain will actually deepen a friendship.[C] Besides, letters, cards and postcards have the virtue of being tangible--friends can keep them and reread them for years to come.[D] The trick is remembering that a little is better than none and that you can do two things at Once. For instance, if you both go for a weekly aerobics, go on the same day. If you both want to go on vocation, schedule the same destination.[E] Careful listening, clear writing, close reading, plain speaking, and accurate description- will be invaluable. In tomorrow's fast-paced business environment there will be precious little time to correct any misunderstandings. Communications breakdown may well become a fatal corporate disease.[F] Sometimes, because of our unbreakable commitments or other circumstances, we simply can't give a needy friend the time we'd like. If you can't be there at that given moment, say something like, "I wish I could be with you I can hear that you're in pain. May I call you tomorrow?" Be sure your friend knows she's cared about.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}You are going to read a list of headings and a text about science. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41--45). The first paragraph of the text is not numbered. There is one extra heading which you don't need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A] The Need for Science[B] The Methods of Science[C] The Challenge of Unsolved Problems[D] The Specific Features of the Laws of Science[E] The Steps in Establishing a Scientific Theory[F] The Rapid Increase of Scientific Knowledge It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it. and to find. if he is able. common factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows. He chooses, when he can, the method of the "controlled experiment".41. ______. In the course of his inquiries the scientist may find what he thinks is one common explanation for an increasing number of facts. The explanation, if it seems consistently to fit the various facts, is called a hypothesis. If a hypothesis continues to stand the test of numerous experiments and remains unshaken, it becomes a law.42. ______. The "laws" of science differ from the "laws" of a country in two ways. First, a scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying. This happens when a fact is discovered which seems to contradict what the "law" would lead one to expect. The "law" may, in fact. have to be abandoned altogether. Second. a scientific "law" says, "This is likely to be the explanation", or "This accounts for the facts as far as we know them". But the "law" of the country says, "You must..." or "You must not..." The scientific "law" has no moral force; it is not binding on human behavior nor approved or opposed by human conscience.43. ______. The evidence as to the vastness of the universe and the complexity of its arrangements continues to grow at an amazing rate. The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to diminish, but rather to increase with every new discovery. Fresh unexplored regions are forever opening out. The rapidity of the growth of scientific knowledge, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, is apt to give students and teachers the impression that no sooner is a problem stated than the answer is forthcoming. A more detailed study of the history of science corrects the impression that fundamental discoveries are made with dramatic suddenness. Even in our present age no less than fifty years separate the discovery of radioactivity from the explosion of the first atomic bomb. The teacher, giving his brief accounts of scientific discovery, is apt to forget the long periods of misunderstanding, of false hypotheses and general uncertainty, which almost invariably precede the clear statement of scientific truth.44. ______. The vast mass of information which scientists have gained has provided the answer to the fundamental questions which, through the centuries, have puzzled and sometimes tortured the human mind. There are many such questions. The study of parasites has provided evidence that organisms which could be self-supporting have become parasites, but hardly any light has been shed on the problem of why they should have done so. What enables an organism to respond to the poisonous secretions of harmful bacteria and organize its resources to defend its life?45. ______. To raise the standard of living in any country, two things are required, scientific knowledge, and a population sufficiently educated to understand how to apply it. Without the latter, the expected benefits will not come. {{B}}Notes:{{/B}} ado 麻烦，忙乱。be binding on 对......有约束力。parasite 寄生虫。shed light on 使某事物更清楚些。 secretion 分泌物。

填空题______ is almost the same as CFR except that CFR is only applied to sea and inland waterway transport while ______ may be used for any mode of transport including multimodal transport.

填空题Statistics show that U贫富差距在几年内扩大了/U.

填空题In Emily Dickinson"s poem Because I Could not Stop for Death, she uses personification to compare death to______.