单选题So far as the food industry is concerned, the processing of sheep and lambs is rela tively_______in the United States, accounting for only about 7 percent of meat-packing production. A. irrelevant ]3. appropriate C. negligible D. redundant

单选题No hero of ancient or modern days can surpass the Indian with his lofty contempt of death and the ______with which he sustains its crudest affliction.

单选题In this part you are going to read six passages. Each of the passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice according to the passage you read and write your choice. If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk elite soccer are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced. What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills, b) winter-born bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c) soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania, d) none of the above. Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of the above". Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20," Ericsson recalls. "He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers." This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born.

单选题People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assume that the past is entirely different from the present, and that hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from the past. But it is not true that the past is entirely different from the present. We can learn much of value from its similarity and its difference. A tremendous change in the conditions of human life and in our knowledge and control of the natural world has taken place since ancient times. The ancients could not, however, see in advance our contemporary technical and social environment, and hence have no advice to offer us about the particular problems facing us. But, although social and economic arrangements vary with time and place, man still remains man. We and the ancients share a common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems. The poets bear witness that ancient man, too, saw the sun rise and set, felt the wind on his cheek, was possessed by love and desire, experienced joy and excitement as well as frustration and disappointment, and knew good and evil. The ancient poets speak across the centuries to us, sometimes more directly and vividly than our contemporary writers. And the ancient prophets and philosophers, in dealing with the basic problems of men living together in society, still have something to say to us. We also learn from the past by considering the respects in which it differs from the present. We can discover where we are today and what we have become by knowing what the people of the past did and thought. And part of the past—our personal past and that of the race—always lives in us.

单选题Woman: Mark, you shouldn't have been too neglectful and thoughtless about drugs.Man: I know what you mean. But I equally know what I am doing and where I am going.Question: What is the man's reaction to what the woman said?

单选题If you do not follow my suggestion, you will make yourself ______ to dangers.

单选题A. futureB. muscleC. popularD. amusement

单选题Anthropology is a science dealing with man and his origins. I redefine anthropology here as "being interested, without judgment, in the way other people choose to live and behave," in order to turn it into a strategy which is geared toward developing your compassion as well as a way of becoming more patient. When someone acts in a way that seems strange to you, rather than reacting in your usual way, such as, "I can"t believe they would do that." Instead, say something to yourself like "I see, that must be the way she sees things in her world. Very interesting." In order for this strategy to help you, you have to be genuine. There"s a line between being "interested" and being arrogant, as if secretly you believe that your way is better. Recently I was at a local shopping mall with my six-year old daughter. A group of punks walked by with orange spiked(成锥形的) hair and tattoos(文身) covering much of their bodies. My daughter immediately asked me, "Daddy, why are they dressed up like that? Are they in costumes?" Years ago I would have felt very judgmental and frustrated about these young people—as if their way was wrong and my more conservative way was right. I would have blurted out some judgmental explanations to my daughter and passed along to her my judgmental views. Pretending to be an anthropologist, however, has changed my perspective a great deal; it"s made me softer. I said to my daughter, "I"m not really sure, but it"s interesting how different we all are, isn"t it?" She said, "Yeah, but I like my own hair." Rather than focusing on the behavior and continuing to give it energy, we both dropped it and continued to enjoy our time together. When you are interested in other perspectives, it doesn"t imply, even slightly, that you"re advocating it. I certainly wouldn"t choose a punk rock lifestyle or suggest it to anyone else. At the same time, however, it"s really not my place to judge it either. One of the basic rules of joyful living is that judging others takes a great deal of energy and, without exception, pulls you away from where you want to be.

单选题He believes that happiness______being easily pleased or satisfied.

单选题Adopting this method, the team raised the average yield ______ 40%.

单选题A: Can I do anything for you, sir? B: ______

单选题Hello, my name is Richard and I am an ego surfer. The habit began about five years ago, and now I need help. Like most journalists, I can't deny that one of my private joys is seeing my byline in print. Now the Intemet is allowing me to feed this vanity to an ever greater extent, and the occasional sneaky web search has grown into a full-blown obsession with how high up Google's ranking my articles appear when I put my name into the search box. When I last looked, my best effort was a rather humiliating 47th place. You know you have a problem when you find yourself competing for ranking with a retired basketball player from the 1970s. Not that I'm alone in suffering from a disfunctional techno-habit. New technologies have revealed a whole raft of hitherto unsuspected personality problems: think crackberry, powerpointlessness or cheesepodding. Most of us are familiar with sending an email to a colleague sitting a couple of feet away instead of talking to them. Some go onto the web to snoop on old friends, colleagues or even first dates. More of us than ever reveal highly personal information on blogs or My Space entries. A few will even use Intemet anonymity to fool others into believing they are someone else altogether. So are these web syndromes and technological tics new versions of old afflictions, or are we developing fresh mind bugs? Developing a bad habit is easier than many might think. "You can become addicted to potentially anything you do," says Mark Griffiths, an addiction researcher at Nottingham Trent University in the UK, "because addictions rely on constant rewards." Indeed, although definitions of addiction vary, there is a body of evidence that suggests drug addictions and non-drug habits share the same neural pathways. While only a hardcore few can be considered true technology addicts, an entirely unscientific survey of the web, and of New Scientist staff, has revealed how prevalent techno-addictions may have become. The web in particular has opened up a host of opportunities for overindulgence. Take Wikipedia. Updating the entries--something anyone can do--has become almost a way of life for some. There are more than 2,400 "Wikipedians", who have edited more than 4,000 pages each. "It's clearly like crack for some people," says Dan Closely at Cornell University in New York, who has studied how websites such as Wikipedia foster a community. To committed Wikipedians, he says, the site is more than a useful information resource; it's the embodiment of an ideology of free information for all. Then there are photolog sites like Flickr. While most of us would rather die than be caught surreptitiously browsing through someone else's photos, there need be no such qualms about the private PICS people put up on these sites. Most people using Flickr and similar sites spent time each day browsing albums owned by people they had never met. They do this for emotional kicks. Khalid and Dix suggest: flicking through someone else's wedding photos, for example, allows people to daydream about their own nuptials. Email is another area where things can get out of hand. While email has led to a revival of the habit of penning short notes to friends and acquaintances, the ease with which we can do this means that we don't always think hard enough about where our casual comments could end up. This was the undoing of US broadcaster Keith Olbermann,who earlier this year sent a private email in which he described a fellow MSNBC reporter as "dumber than a suitcase of rocks". Unfortunately for Olbermann, the words found their way into the New York Daily News. Pam Briggs, a specialist in human-computer interaction at the University of Northumbria, UK, says the lack of cues such as facial expressions or body language when communicating electronically can lead us to overcompensate in what we say. "The medium is so thin, there's little room for projecting ourselves into it," says Briggs. "When all the social cues disappear, we feel we have to put something else into the void, which is often an overemotional or over-intimate message." The habit of forwarding jokey emails or YouTube videos- think Diet Coke and Mentos fountains- can also say a lot about how people want to be perceived, Briggs adds. "We rarely want to be seen as too serious, so we try to project more of our personality into email." This could also explain why many bloggers expose private information that they would never shout out to a crowded room.

单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}} The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both an economic and cultural trend that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no. Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. "Ever since the 1980s and the economic collapse of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization as a force for good," he said. "Incomes in many countries have declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been aggravated. Without further intervention by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout the Latin America and Asia." Yet George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. "Economic liberalization, increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanisms can produce short-term destabilization problems," he said. "What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for Consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income." Others feel that globalization's cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Yawee, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language. "Most of the world's dialects will become extinct under globalization. We're paving the world with McDonald's and English slang. It tears me up inside," she said. Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, and it certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs. "When I was a boy we had very little to speak of," says one Singaporean resident. "Now our country has developed into a booming hub for international finance." Others, however, are not so optimistic. "Globalization is an evil force that must be halted," a union official at a car plant in Detroit recently commented, "It's sucking away jobs and killing the spirit of our country." (401 words){{B}}Notes:{{/B}} slang 俚语。tear up 撕碎，挖开。proponent 支持者，拥护者。hub 轮毂。suck away减少。

单选题The president striking an______ tone on Israeli Palestinian relations after a week of ideal meeting with leaders from both sides of the conflict. A. outlandish B. optimistic C. jurisdictional D. sacramental

单选题The Yangtze River is ______ the Pearl River．A．three times long asB．three times as long asC．as three times longer asD．as long three times as

单选题All types of stress study, whether under laboratory or real-life situations, study mechanisms for increasing the arousal level of the brain. The brain blood flow studies show that reciting the days of the week and months of the year increases blood flow in appropriate areas, whereas problem solving which demands intense concentration of a reasoning type produces much larger changes in the distribution of blood in the brain. Between these basic studies of brain function and real life situations there is still a considerable gap, but reasonable deduction seems possible to try and understand what happens to the brain. Life consists of a series of events which may be related to work or to our so-called leisure time. Work may be relatively automatic—as with typing, for instance, it requires intense concentration and repetition during the learning phase to establish a pattern in the brain. Then the typist's fingers automatically move to hit the appropriate keys as she reads the words on the copy. However, when she gets tired she makes mistakes much more frequently. To overcome this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration but beyond a certain point the automatic is lost and thinking about hitting the keys leads to more mistakes. Other jobs involve intense concentration such as holding bottles of wine up to a strong light and turning them upside down to look for particles of dirt falling down. This sounds quite easy but experience teaches that workers can do this for only about thirty minutes before they start making a mistake. This is partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the bottle is low and the arousal level, therefore, fails. Scientists have shown that devices to raise arousal level will increase the accuracy of looking for relatively rare events. A recent study of the effect of loss of sleep in young doctors showed that in tests involving a challenge to their medical judgment when short of sleep they raised their arousal level and became better at tests of grammatical reasoning as well.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Many professions are associated with a particular stereotype. The classic {{U}}(1) {{/U}} of a writer, for example, is {{U}}(2) {{/U}} a slightly crazy-looking person,{{U}} (3) {{/U}} in an attic, writing away furiously for days {{U}}(4) {{/U}} end. Naturally, he has his favorite pen and note-paper, or a beat-up typewriter, {{U}}(5) {{/U}} which he could not produce a readable word. Nowadays, we know that such images bear little {{U}}(6) {{/U}} to reality. But are they completely {{U}}(7) {{/U}}? In the case of at least one writer, it would seem not. Dame Muriel Spark, who {{U}}(8) {{/U}} 80 in February, in many ways resembles this stereotypical "writer". She is certainly not {{U}}(9) {{/U}}, and she doesn't work in an attic. But she is rather particular {{U}}(10) {{/U}} the tools of her trade. She insists on writing with a {{U}}(11) {{/U}} type of pen in a certain type of notebook, which she buys from a certain stationer in Edinburgh called James Thin. In fact, so {{U}}(12) {{/U}} is she that, if someone uses one of her pens by {{U}}(13) {{/U}}, she immediately throws it away. And she claims she {{U}}(14) {{/U}} enormous difficulty writing in any notebook other than {{U}}(15) {{/U}} sold by James Thin. This could soon be a {{U}}(16) {{/U}}, as the shop no longer stocks them, {{U}}(17) {{/U}} Dame Muriel's supply of 72-page spiral bound is nearly {{U}}(18) {{/U}}. As well as her "obsession" about writing materials, Muriel Spark {{U}}(19) {{/U}} one other characteristic with the stereotypical "writer": her work is the most {{U}}(20) {{/U}} thing in her life. It has stopped her from marrying; cost her old friends and made her new ones, and driven her from London to New York to Rome. Today she lives in the Italian province of Tuscany with a friend.