填空题activist terrorist idealist capitalist artist novelist tourist biologist

填空题Some poets and philosophers choose to live in solitude because they can find i______ in it.

填空题The storm ______ their houses, they had no houses to live in so they had to leave their hometown. (destroy)

填空题Please choose the best sentence from the list after the passage to fill in each of the gaps in the text. There are more sentences than gaps. The Myth of Asian Superiority Asian Americans have increasingly come to be viewed as a "model minority". But are they as successful as claimed? And for whom are they supposed to be a model? 【K1】______ Asian American shopkeepers have been congratulated, as well as criticized, for their ubiquity and entrepreneurial effectiveness. If Asian Americans can make it, many politicians and pundits ask, why can"t African Americans? 【K2】______The victims are blamed for their plight, rather than racism and an economy that has made many young African American workers superfluous. The celebration of Asian Americans has obscured reality.【K3】______ Most Asian Americans live in California, Hawaii, and New York—states with higher incomes and higher costs of living than the national average. 【K4】______ While Japanese American men in California earned an average income comparable to Caucasian men in 1980, they did so only by acquiring more education and working more hours. 【K5】______Some Asian American groups do have higher family incomes than Caucasians. But they have more workers per family. The " model minority" image homogenizes Asian Americans and hides their differences. For example, while thousands of Vietnamese American young people attend universities, others are on the streets. They live in motels and hang out in pool halls in places like East Los Angeles; some join gangs. Hmong and Mien refugees from Laos have unemployment rates that reach as high as 80 percent. A recent California study showed that three out of ten Southeast Asian refugee families had been on welfare for four to ten years. Although college-education Asian Americans are entering the professions and earning good salaries, many hit the "glass ceiling"—the barrier through which high management positions can be seen but not reached. 【K6】______ Finally, the triumph of Korean immigrants has been exaggerated. In 1988 , Koreans in the New York metropolitan area earned only 68 percent of the median income of non-Asians. More than three-quarters of Korean greengrocers came to America with a college education. 【K7】______For many of them, the greengrocery represents dashed dreams, a step downward in status. Most Asian Americans know their "success"is largely a myth. They also see how the celebration of Asian Americans as a " model minority" perpetuates their inequality and exacerbates relations between them and African Americans. A. Even Japanese Americans, often touted for their upward mobility, have not reached equality. B. A survey showed that only 8 percent of Asian Americans were " officials" and " managers " , compared with 12 percent for all groups. C. Such comparisons pit minorities against each other and generate African American resentment toward Asian Americans. D. Engineers, teachers, or administrators while in Korea, they became shopkeepers after their arrival. E. Asian Americans have been described in the media as" excessively, even provocatively" successful in gaining admission to universities. F. For example, figures on the high earnings of Asian Americans relative to Caucasians are misleading. G. For all their hard work and long hours, most Korean shopkeepers do not actually earn very much. H. Comparing family incomes is even more deceptive.

填空题His role was to drum ______ contributions and donations from friends in big business.

填空题She hurried back to school 怕缺课太多.

填空题霸王条款

填空题Usually you will be more likely to find insects if you examine finer twigs rather than the coarse parts of trees.A. more likelyB. ifC. rather thanD. coarse

填空题At the first sight of dawn the warships ______ the open sea． 一看到黎明的曙光，战舰就向公海出发了。

填空题A. You are not alone B. Experience helps you grow C. Pave your own unique path D. Most of your fears are unreal E. Think about the present moment F. Don"t fear responsibility for your life G. There are many things to be grateful for Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won"t last forever. When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I"ve learned along the way. 1 Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, "Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice." I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination. 2 If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilty over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present. 3 Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something. 4 No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement. 5 Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.

填空题We are glad to inform you that the goods you ordered ______ September have been shipped ______ M/S Pacific due ______ leave Shanghai port ______ December 10.

填空题{{U}}当谈到细节时{{/U}} he is very careful.

填空题______ an amount like this, it is impossible ______ us to get both the hull and machinery insured．Therefore we suggest that you increase the premium.

填空题A. It doesn't matterB. How comeC. You're welcomeD. I'm so sorry to hear thatE. What shall I doF. What is itG. Well, nothingH. Come on Linda : Hey, what's wrong, dear? You don't look quite yourself today. Silvia: (56) I am just tired. Linda: (57) ! Tell me. Maybe Iean help. Silvia: Well, I just couldn't fall asleep these days. Linda: (58) ? I don't remember you have sleeping problems. What's bothering you? Silvia: I can't find a job. I failed in a number of job interviews. Linda: (59) Take it easy, babe. Everything will be fine. Silvia: (60) ? You know, I really need a job to make life going, Linda: Don't worry. Keep on trying and I will keep an eye on the job ads for you, too. Silvia: Thanks, I will.

填空题brightly

填空题______ isnt her strong point, but dancing is. (sing)

填空题The professor gave the students an ______ lecture. (information)

填空题Artificial Intelligence 人工智能 Advanced Idea, Anticipating Incomparability[1]—on AI, Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is the field of engineering that builds systems, primarily computer systems, to perform tasks requiring intelligence. This field of research has often set itself ambitious goals, seeking to build machines that can outlook humans in particular domains of skill and knowledge, and has achieved some success in this aspect. The key aspects of intelligence around which AI research is usually focused include expert system[2], industrial robotics, systems and languages, language understanding, learning, and game playing, etc. Expert System An expert system is a set of programs that manipulate encoded knowledge to solve problems in a specialized domain that normally requires human expertise. Typically, the user interacts with an expert system in a consultation dialogue, just as he would interact with a human who had some type of expertise—explaining his problem, performing suggested tests, and asking questions about proposed solutions. Current experimental systems have achieved high levels of performance in consultation tasks like chemical and geological data analysis, computer system configuration, structural engineering, and even medical diagnosis. Expert systems can be viewed as intermediaries between human experts, who interact with the systems in knowledge acquisition mode[3], and human users who interact with the systems in consultation mode. Furthermore, much research in this area of AI has focused on endowing these systems with the ability to explain their reasoning, both to make the consultation more acceptable to the user and to help the human expert find errors in the systems reasoning when they occur. Here are the features of expert systems. ① Expert systems use knowledge rather than data to control the solution process. ② The knowledge is encoded and maintained as an entity[4] separated from the control program. Furthermore, it is possible in some cases to use different knowledge bases with the same control programs to produce different types of expert systems. Such systems are known as expert system shells[5]. ③ Expert systems are capable of explaining how a particular conclusion is reached, and why requested information is needed during a consultation. ④ Expert systems use symbolic representations for knowledge and perform their inference through symbolic computations[6]. ⑤ Expert systems often reason with metaknowledge. Industrial Robotics An industrial robot is a general-purpose computer-controlled manipulator consisting of several rigid links connected in series by revolute or prismatic joints[7]. Research in this field has looked at everything from the optimal movement of robot arms to methods of planning a sequence of actions to achieve a robots goals. Although more complex systems have been built, thousands of robots that are being used today in industrial applications are simple devices that have been programmed to perform some repetitive tasks. Robots, when compared to humans, yield more consistent quality, more predictable output, and are more reliable. Robots have been used in industry since 1965. They are usually characterized by the design of the mechanical system. There are six recognizable robot configurations: ① Cartesian Robots[8]: A robot whose main frame consists of three linear axes[9]. ② Gantry Robots[10]: A gantry robot is a type of artesian robot whose structure resembles a gantry. This structure is used to minimize deflection along each axis. ③ Cylindrical Robots[11]: A cylindrical robot has two linear axes and one rotary axis. ④ Spherical Robots[12]: A spherical robot has one linear axis and two rotary axes. Spherical robots are used in a variety of industrial tasks such as welding and material handling. ⑤ Articulated Robots[13]: An articulated robot has three rotational axes connecting three rigid links and a base. ⑥ Scara Robots: One style of robot that has recently become quite popular is a combination of the articulated arm and the cylindrical robot. The robot has more than three axes and is widely used in electronic assembly. Systems and Languages Computer-systems ideas like timesharing, list processing, and interactive debugging were developed in the AI research environment[14]. Specialized programming languages and systems, with features designed to facilitate deduction, robot manipulation, cognitive modeling, and so on, have often been rich sources of new ideas. Most recently, several knowledge-representation languages—computer languages for encoding knowledge and reasoning methods as data structures and procedures—have been developed in the last few years to explore a variety of ideas about how to build reasoning programs. Problem Solving The first big success in AI was programs that could solve puzzles and play games like chess. Techniques like looking ahead several moves and dividing difficult problems into easier sub-problems evolved into the fundamental AI techniques of search and problem reduction. Todays programs can play championship-level checkers and backgammon, as well as very good chess. Another problem-solving program that integrates mathematical formulates symbolically has attained very high levels of performance and is being used by scientists and engineers. Some programs can even improve their performance with experience. As discussed above, the open questions in this area involve capabilities that human players have but cannot articulate, like the chess masters ability to see the board configuration in terms of meaningful patterns. Another basic open question involves the original conceptualization of a problem, called in AI the choice of problem representation. Humans often solve a problem by finding a way of thinking about it that makes the solution easy—AI programs, so far, must be told how to think about the problems they solve. Logical Reasoning Closely related to problem and puzzle solving was early work on logical deduction[15]. Programs were developed that could prove assertions by manipulating a database of facts, each represented by discrete data structures just as they are represented by discrete formulas in mathematical logic. These methods, unlike many other AI techniques, could be shown to be complete and consistent. That is, so long as the original facts were correct, the programs could prove all theorems that followed from the facts, and only those theorems. Logical reasoning has been one of the most persistently investigated subareas of AI research. Of particular interest are the problems of finding ways of focusing on only the relevant facts of a large database and of keeping track of the justifications for beliefs and updating them when new information arrives. Language Understanding The domain of language understanding was also investigated by early AI researchers and has consistently attracted interest. Programs have been written that answer questions posed in English from an internal database, that translate sentences from one language to another, that follow instruction given in English, and that acquire knowledge by reading textual material and building an internal database. Some programs have even achieved limited success in interpreting instructions spoken into a microphone instead of typed into the computer. Although these language systems are not nearly as good as people are at any of these tasks, they are adequate for some applications. Early successes with programs that answered simple queries and followed simple directions, and early failures at machine translation, have resulted in a sweeping change in the whole AI approach to language. The principal themes of current language-understanding research are the importance of vast amounts of general, commonsense world knowledge and the role of expectations, based on the subject matter and the conversational situation, in interpreting sentences. Learning Learning has remained a challenging area for AI. Certainly one of the most salient and significant aspects of human intelligence is the ability to learn. This is a good example of cognitive behavior that is so poorly understood that very little progress has been made in achieving it in AI systems[16]. There have been several interesting attempts, including programs that learn from examples, from their own performance, and from being told. An expert system may perform extensive and costly computations to solve a problem. Most expert systems are hindered by the inflexibility of their problem-solving strategies and the difficulty of modifying large amounts of code. The obvious solution to these problems is for programs to learn on their own, either from experience, analogy, and examples or by being told what to do. Game Playing Much of the early research in state space search was done using common board games such as checkers, chess, and the 15-puzzle. In addition to their inherent intellectual appeal, board games have certain properties that make them ideal subjects for this early work. Most games are played using a well-defined set of rules, which makes it easy to generate the search space and frees the researcher from many of the ambiguities and complexities inherent in less structured problems. The board configurations used in playing these games are easily represented on a computer, requiring none of the complex formalisms. Conclusion We have attempted to define artificial intelligence through discussion of its major areas of research and application. In spite of the variety of problems addressed in artificial intelligence research[17], a number of important features emerge that seem common to all divisions of the field, including. ① The use of computers to do reasoning, learning, or some other forms of inference. ② A focus on problems that do not respond to algorithmic solutions. This underlies the reliance on heuristic search[18] as an AI problem-solving technique. ③ Reasoning about the significant qualitative features of a situation. ④ An attempt to deal with issues of semantic meaning[19] as well as syntactic form[20]. ⑤ The use of large amounts of domain-specific knowledge in solving problems. This is the basis of expert systems. Notes [1] 标题中的两个短语分别为两组AI，以此分别强调人工智能的最新理念无与伦比。 [2] expert system专家系统。 [3] knowledge acquisition mode知识获取模式。 [4] entity实体。 [5] expert system shells专家系统外壳。 [6] symloolic computation符号计算。 [7] ...by revolute or prismatic joints通过外卷的，或棱镜似的连接结合起来。 [8] Cartesian Robot直角座标机器人，主框架由三根直线轴构成。 [9] linear axes线性轴。 [10] Gantry Robot桶架式机器人Gantry桶架。 [11] Cylindrical Robot or Cylindrical Coordinate Robot柱面坐标式机器人。 [12] Spherical Robot or Spherical Coordinate Robot球坐标式机器人。 [13] Articulated Robot挂接式机器人。 [14] Computer-systems ideas like time-sharing, list processing, and interactive debugging were developed in the AI research environment. 人工智能采用了计算机系统方面的一些理念，如：时间分配，编目处理，交互式调试，等等。 [15] logical deduction逻辑推断(演绎推理的过程，在此过程中必然可从所述前提得出一个结论；从一般推向特殊的推论)。 [16] This is a good example of cognitive behavior that is so poorly understood that very little progress has been made in achieving it in AI systems. 这是一种典型的认知行为，但人们却不太了解它，以至于人工智能在这方面还没有什么发展。 [17] In spite of the variety of problems addressed in artificial intelligence research. 尽管人工智能研究中出现了各种各样的问题…… [18] heuristic search启发式搜索。 [19] semantic meaning语义(计算机语言中的每个语义成分所代表的实际操作)。 [20] syntactic form语法形式；句法形式。

填空题Jane ______ a button from her pocket and pinned it on my coat． 简从口袋里摸出一枚纽扣，把它钉到我的衣服上。