单选题According to the author, the truly effective measures are

单选题His vocabulary, A in particular , both that which he uses actively B and that which he recognizes, C increasing in size D as he grows older as a result of education and experience.

单选题Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation. Today the car is the most popular 1 of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely 2 the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for 3 90 percent of all personal 4 Most Americans are able to 5 cars. The average price of a 6 made car was, $500 in 1950, $740 in 1960 and up 7 $750 in 1975. During this period American car manufacturers set about 8 their products and work efficiency. Meanwhile, the yearly income of the 9 family increased from 1950 to 1975 10 than the price of cars. For this reason, 11 a new car takes a smaller 12 of a family"s total earnings today. In 1951 13 it took 8.1 months of an average family"s 14 to buy a new car. In 1962, a new car 15 8.3 months of a family"s annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4.75 16 income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 17 to models from previous years. The 18 of the automobile extends throughout the economy 19 the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money 20 their cars running than on any other item.

单选题Speaker A. Did you know that Whitney Houston was giving a concert last night in the town?Speaker B: ______

单选题Only a person with a pair of keen eyes could pick out those______paintings from these unwanted materials.

单选题Would you mind ______ a little less noise? A. to make B. make C. making D. to have made

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. The nobler and more perfect a thing is, the later and slower it is becoming mature. A man reaches the mature{{U}} (1) {{/U}}of his reasoning powers and mental faculties{{U}} (2) {{/U}}before the age of twenty-eight; a woman at eighteen. And then, too, in the case of woman, it is the only reason of a sort--very mean in its{{U}} (3) {{/U}}. That is why women remain children their whole life long; never seeing{{U}} (4) {{/U}}but what is quite close to them,{{U}} (5) {{/U}}fast to the present moment, taking appearance for{{U}} (6) {{/U}}, and preferring{{U}} (7) {{/U}}to matters of the first importance. For it is{{U}} (8) {{/U}}his reasoning faculty that man does not live in the present only,{{U}} (9) {{/U}}the brute, but looks about him and considers the past and the future; and this is the origin of{{U}} (10) {{/U}}, as well as that of care and anxiety which so many people{{U}} (11) {{/U}}Both the advantages and the disadvantages, which this{{U}} (12) {{/U}}, are{{U}} (13) {{/U}}in by the woman to a smaller extent because of her weaker power of reasoning. She may, in fact, be described as intellectually shortsighted,{{U}} (14) {{/U}}, while she has an immediate understanding of what lies quite close to her, her field of{{U}} (15) {{/U}}is narrow and does not reach to what is{{U}} (16) {{/U}}; so that things which are absent, or past, or to come, have much less effect upon women than upon men. This is the reason why women are inclined to be{{U}} (17) {{/U}}and sometimes carry their desire to a{{U}} (18) {{/U}}that borders upon madness. In their hearts, women think it is men's business to earn money and theirs to spend it--if possible during their husband's life,{{U}} (19) {{/U}}, at any rate, after his death. The very fact that their husband hands them{{U}} (20) {{/U}}his earnings for purposes of housekeeping strengthens them in this belief.

单选题Some linguists maintain that a word group is an extension of word of a particular class. (清华2001研)

单选题After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report. The damage and death toll could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar. intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a. m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city's highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes. Despite the good news, civil engineers aren't resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake's vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.

单选题The explorers came forward with gifts of ducks and flour-cakes and ______ troughs of water for the horses to drink. A. held in B. held with C. held under D. held up

单选题It was three weeks later _____ he heard the news.

单选题Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find. "Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual, " says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance." Ravitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, "we will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society. " "Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege, " writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American life. a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in U. S. politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: "We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. " Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti- intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, reorder, and adjust, while intellect examines, thinks, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise. /

单选题Societies from the primitive to (the highly civilizing) (have used) food, their (most essential) resource, in social bonding celebrations (of all kinds) and in sacred rituals.

单选题When Pat Jones finished college, she decided she wanted to travel around the world and see as many foreign places as she could 1 she was young. Pat wanted to visit Latin America first, so she got a job 2 an English teacher in a school in Bolivia. Pat spoke a little Spanish, 3 she was able to communicate with her students even when they didn"t know much English. A sentence she had read somewhere stuck in her mind: if you dream 4 a foreign language, you have really mastered it. Pat repeated this sentence to her students and hoped that someday she would dream in Spanish and they would dream in English. One day, one of her worst students came up and explained in Spanish that he had not done his homework. He had 5 early, and had slept badly. "What does this have to do with 6 ?" Pat demanded. "I dreamed all night, Miss, Jones, and my dream was in English!" "In English" Pat was very surprised, since he was such a bad students. She was 7 secretly jealous. Her dreams were still not in Spanish. But she encouraged her young student, "Well, tell me about your dream." "All the people in my dream 8 English," the student said, "And all the signs were in English. All the newspapers and magazines and all the TV programs were in English." "But that"s wonderful," said Pat, "What did all the people say to you?" "I"m 9 , Miss Jones. that"s 10 I slept so badly. I didn"t understand a word they said. It was a nightmare!"

单选题If you________stayed at home, this would never have happened.

单选题Immigrants are consumers as well as producers, so they create jobs as well as taking them. And the work they do need not be at the expense of native workers. Immigrants often hold jobs that natives are unwilling to accept at any feasible wage. Also, immigrants sometimes help to keep industries viable (能存活的) that would otherwise disappear altogether, causing employment to fall. This was the conclusion of a study of the Los Angeles garment industry in the 1970s and 1980s. And when immigrants working for low wages do put downward pressure on natives' wages, they may raise the (real) wages of natives in general by keeping prices lower than they otherwise would be. In theory, then, the net effect of immigration on native wages is uncertain. Unfortunately, most of the empirical (经验主义的) research on whether immigrants make natives worse off in practice is also inconclusive except the effect, one way or the other, seems small. Most of this research has been done in America: if there were any marked influence on wages, that is where you would expect to find it, given the scale of immigration and the tendency of the newcomers to concentrate in certain areas. But most studies have compared wages and employment in areas with many immigrants to wages and employment in areas with few. For instance, one examined the impact of sudden and notorious inflow of refugees to Miami from the Cuban port of Mariel in 1980. Within the space of a few months, 125000 people had arrived, increasing Miami's labor force by 7%. Yet the study concluded that wages and employment among the city's natives, including the unskilled, were virtually unaffected. Another study examined the effect of immigration on wages and employment of those at the bottom of the jobs ladder-unskilled blacks and Hispanics. It found that a doubling of the rate of immigration had no detectable effect on natives. The most recent work, admittedly, has tended to question these findings. Using more detailed statistics and more sophisticated methods than the earlier studies, this work has tended to find that immigrants' wages take longer to rise to the level of the natives' wages than has been supposed. This implies a more persistent downward pressure on the host economy's labor market. Typically these studies find that immigration does depress unskilled natives' wages to a small extent. But nearly all economists would agree that the effects of immigration are insignificant in relation to other influences.

单选题By such demarcation, strong, representative national societies can then be left to do what they do best— ______ young scientists' development at national meetings, and represent their disciplines at the national level.(2009年北京航空航天大学考博试题)

单选题Drawing a picture is the simplest way of putting an idea down on paper. That is (21) men first began to write, six thousand years ago or (22) . The alphabet we now use (23) down to us over a long period of time. It was developed from the picture-writing of ancient Egypt. Picture-writing was useful in many (24) . It could be used to express ideas as well as (25) . For example, a drawing of a (26) meant the object "man". (27) a drawing of a man lying on the ground with a spear in him meant " (28) " Besides the Egyptians, the Chinese (29) the American Indians also developed ways (30) writing in pictures. But only (31) much could be said as follows. Thousands of pictures would have been needed (32) express all the ideas that people might have. It would have shown many thousands more to express all the objects (33) to men. No one could (34) so many pictures in a lifetime. Either could anyone learn the meaning of all (35) drawings in a lifetime.