填空题Translation．(北京科技大学2008研，考试科目：基础英语)"Time" , says the proverb "is money" . This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either turn out some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time, remember this: let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote: and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold: and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.

填空题Today there is widespread agreement that multinational corporations will have an important effect on international relations and world economy. But there is little agreement on exactly what that effect will be. There are two groups of those who see them as benevolent and those who see them as evil. Among those who see multinational corporations as benevolent, many emphasize their importance in helping reduce the gap between rich countries and poor ones. These business giants are referred to as "engines of development" because it is claimed that they do more to improve the economic life in less developed countries than all governmental foreign aid programs have ever done. By setting up factories abroad, they provide jobs; by equipping these factories with the latest machines and equipment, they make available the most modern technology. (1) . In fact, they do better on their own. It may have been necessary in the mid-nineteen century for Admiral Perry to threaten the Japanese with naval bombardment if they did not allow western countries to trade with them. Such threats would make no sense today. (2) . The leaders of multinational corporations see patriotism as old-fashioned, the nation-state obsolete, and war in pursuit of national glory downright foolish. They believe that the multinational corporation is "a modern concept evolved to meet the requirements of modern age", while the nation-state is "still rooted in archaic concepts unsympathetic to the need of our complex world." (3) . "I think," an official of General Electric once said, "getting General Electric everywhere in the world is the biggest thing we can do for world peace." These proponents of the multinational corporations come by and large from the business world. There are, however, many critics among academic students of multinational corporations who regard them as a sinister force. They have produced detailed studies to prove that the benefits of multinational corporations are mostly illusory. To the claim that multinational corporations provide jobs, they point out that this is at the cost of jobs in other countries. To the claim that multinational corporations transfer technology, they reply: (1) often the equipment shipped overseas is out of date; (2) their technology is often unsuitable for many of the less developed countries where labor is plentiful and therefore cheap. (4) . Therefore, they maintain that instead of being the "engines of development", the multinational corporations are actually "engines of impoverishment". These critics do not deny that consumption of the products of these corporations has risen in countries around the world. (5) . Therefore, although these corporations may breakdown national frontiers they strengthen class distinctions, widening the gap between the rich and the poor, creating greater social injustice and instability. A. The long, expensive American war in Vietnam did not bring new opportunities in Southeast Asia for the multinational corporations. The decision of the Nixon administration to improve relations with China was more profitable to them. B. The fact that both American teenagers and Mexican peasants are drinking Coca Cola does not mean that the life of the Mexican peasants is getting better due to the multinational corporations. C. They therefore characterize themselves as hard-headed people who are helping to bring about a more cooperative system or world order by breaking down national, geographical, political, economic and ideological barriers. D. One study actually showed that multinational corporations do not invest capital from wealthy countries, but prefer to finance their operations from the local economy. In other words, they are simply transferring wealth from poorer countries to richer ones. E. According to these critics, states will soon realize that they have lost their control over issues such as taxation, employment and even the stability of their own currency. F. But they point out that this so-called "Global Shopping Center" is available only to a very small portion of the local population. G. Because goods are now produced within the less developed countries, there is less need for them to import from abroad, and their balance of payments will improve. Multinational corporations today do not need their countries to provide military force to open foreign countries to their investment, products and sales.

填空题He felt ______ and refused to answer the question. (embarrass)

填空题Some people find swimming more enjoyable than to sit at home reading . A. more enjoyable B. to sit C. at D. reading

填空题Please translate the following English into Chinese．(国际关系学院2010研，考试科目：英语综合(英汉互译)Understanding Key Economic IndicatorsIn these times when market forces appear increasingly complicated and more volatile, it is all the more important to understand the professional jargon and terminology in the market place in order to be able to better make our investment and business decisions. Understanding key economic indicators will assist in the decision making process, providing a snapshot of the current situation and an insight into the future.Each economic indicator tells us something about the economy or inflation. Gross Domestic Product(GDP)is probably the most important report as it is the whole framework where other economic indicators fall under. Using the textbook formula where Gross National Product = Consumption + Investment + Government Spending + Exports -Imports, some of the indicators will fall into the above-mentioned category e. g. retail sales figures will fall under Consumption, construction spending under Investment, to name a few. There are also indicators that are broader that tell us about the economy itself rather than the component, e. g. employment figures, leading indicators, money supply figures(M3). Inflation figures, Produce Price Index(PPI)and the Consumer Price Index(CPI)will, in short, inform us of the changes in wholesale prices, cost of consumer(retail)goods and services respectively.An indicator that is useful must be accurate, timely and reliable. It depends entirely on the integrity of the national statistical system responsible. It is vital to know the accurate components of an indicator. We have to be mindful of the limitation of these statistical figures too.Some indicators can be historic or extremely volatile, and therefore their value are reduced. It is better to compare the most recent data with earlier months, or take a moving average for the past 3 , 6 or 12 months to smooth the data. It will tell us if there has been a significant change in trend and whether a new direction is under way.Timeliness of an indicator is also significant. Although the reported figures are important, it is crucial to recognize that markets react to the variance to the consensus forecast than to the absolute change in the indicator. Markets do not like surprises and can be frustrated with volatility upon subsequent revisions to the numbers published, even though significance of the absolute number diminishes with each passing month.In the U. S. , together with the monthly employment report released on the first Friday of the month, an important survey by U. S. National Association of Purchasing Management(NAPM)is released within the first three business day of the mouth, which tracks the economic movements fairly well. These two reports are considered by many as valuable adjunct to the Commerce Department"s index of leading indicators.The Index of Leading Economic Indicators(LEI)in the U. S. acts as an early warning system, telling us whenthe economy is about to change direction. This composite index of 11 leading indicators has a good record of providing accurate forecasts. The total index performs better as a prediction tool than any of its parts. This monthly figure is available on the last business day of the month. As a general rule, turning points in the economy are signalled by three consecutive months of LEI changes in the same direction. This leading indicator is like a lighthouse, giving the rest of the world economies a glimpse of the direction of the world"s largest economy.

填空题The President warned troops of the increased danger of ______ (terror) attacks.

填空题Translate the following sentences into English．Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．基于国际力量对比的现实，着眼于在未来世界中占据有利地位，各大国均从实际出发，加强对话与合作，寻求共同利益的汇合点。

填空题ETS

填空题 The best way to calm down concerns about doctors' and researchers' financial conflicts of interest is to require full disclosure, according to an expert report that adds its voice to a growing chorus. A panel of the National Academies' Institute of Medicine (IOM) says faculty members at medical institutions should be required to report all industry money they receive from outside their institution to special committees. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}But IOM's mostly voluntary plan has an important selling point, some say: It could head off more-intrusive federal regulations. Panel members agreed that some action is called for. "Many relationships between researchers and industry are very constructive, but it has to be overseen and kept in bounds," says panel chair Bernard Lo, a bioethicist at the University of California, San Francisco. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}Similar concerns resulted in a ban on all such payments to scientists at National Institutes of Health, Lo notes. More recently, as part of an ongoing investigation, Senator Chuck Grassley has identified several psychiatrists who allegedly failed to disclose hundreds of thousands of dollars in consulting income. Disclosure is "a critical but limited first step" toward addressing conflicts of interest, the IOM panel concludes. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}Companies should also disclose money given to institutions, scientific societies, patient groups, and basic researchers, the report says, because their work can lead to clinical trials. Three of the 17 panel members recommended that physicians and researchers themselves also be required to publicly report their financial ties with companies, including stock.{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} As a rule, the report says, institutions should ensure that if a significant conflict exists, a researcher "may not conduct research with human participants" unless his or her role is essential to the research.{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} Many of these steps have been recommended in past reports from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), which has also endorsed the company payments database. But not all schools have followed AAMC's advice. "We give a pretty clear warning," Lo says. "If the institutions don't get their act together, they're really inviting the legislators to step in." A. It urges research and physician organizations to develop a standard reporting format. And it endorses a proposal similar to one from Grassley to require that drug and device companies report payments to physicians in a public database. B. That, he warns, could lead to "very, very blunt" regulations and "a risk that valuable relationships will be cut in ways that will hurt patients." C. The policy recommended by IOM would be far more intrusive than current U.S. rules, which require National Institutes of Health grantees to report to their own institutions outside income of more than ＄10,000 per year. D. The report also recormnends that institutions ban faculty members from accepting drug company gifts, serving as a spokesperson for a company, and authoring articles ghost-written by industry. E. Such payments would also have to be reported publicly by the companies. F. But the others disagreed partly because they felt it would be expensive, could intrude on privacy, and would not add much to the company database. G. IOM decided to undertake the study two years ago amid growing concerns that academic researchers who took drug company payments were withholding data from publication or otherwise biasing results.

填空题Ever since the world began , nations have difficulty in keeping peace with their neighbors.

填空题ReadthefollowingpassageandchooseaproperwordfromtheWORDLISTtofillineachoftheblanksinthepassage.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.WritethewordyouchooseforeachblankonyourANSWERSHEETinthefollowingway.ExampleI.Cloze1.paper2.continuously3....Now,dotheCloze.Scientistshavefoundthatthepersonalitiesofteachershaveapowerfuleffectonhowtheyrelatetochildrenandadultsandhowtheybehaveintheclassroom.Ingeneral,personalitiesgrowoutofcomplexinteractionoftemperamentandpastexperiences.Earlyexperiencesareveryimportantinthe________ofthewaysthatpeoplefeelaboutthemselvesandothersandtheirwaysofrespondingtosituations.Theabilityto________inpositiveandhealthywaysappearstoberelatedtoapersonlearningtotrustothersintheirearlyyearsandtoseetheworldasa________goodandnurturingplace.Adultswhohavehadtheirbasicneedsmetinchildhoodand________havedevelopedtrustinthemselvesandintheworldare________tohavetheabilitytosupportthegrowthanddevelopmentofothers.Peoplewho________thisbasictrustmaynothavehadtheirneedsmetin________waysintheirearlylives,andthismayleadto________problemsandtheneedforagreatdealofsupportandreassuranceinadulthood.Theymayhaveadifficulttime________nurturingandsupportive________others.Sensitivitytoothersandapositivesenseofselfareessential________forbecomingaperson,especiallyateacherwhocansupportthedevelopmentofchildren.Skillsin________trustanddevelopingrelationshipsare________asyoucometoknowyourself________,acceptyourself,andthenlearnmoreaboutchildrenandhowtoworksuccessfullywiththem.Inordertobecomean________person,whopossessesawarenessandempathyandwhoiswillingtorelatetoothersinnurturingways,itisnecessarytoknowandacceptyourself,torealisticallyappraiseareasinwhichchangemaybeneeded,________toseeyourselfinalifelongprocessofgrowthandchange.Itisimportanttobeopentonewexperiences,to________anddealwithfeelings,andtoexperiencerelationshipsinever-increasingdepthand________Thisself-knowledgeis,toagreatextent,dependentondevelopingtheabilitytoobserve________inthesamehonestand________waythatonelearnstoobservechildren.Italsoinvolveslearningtoacceptcriticismfromothersasvaluablefeedbackthatcanprovideasourceofgrowth________assomethingtodefend________ortousetoberateorbelittleoneself.Thecapacityforself-knowledgeandacceptanceisthe________forthequalityofcompassionthatissoimportantinateacher.Werealizethatnooneofusis________self-aware,mature,wise,compassionate,andinsightfulallofthetime.Allofushavetendenciestobedefensive.Itisimportanttodevelopthecapacityforself-awarenessandsome________ofthekindofbehaviorandrelationships________whichweaspire.Itis________importanttounderstandthat________everyoneexperiencesstrongandunpleasantemotionslikeangerandfear________,itispossibletolearntoobserveandchoosehowtorespondtothesefeelingsinsteadofacting________theminwaysthatmanybedestructive.

填空题2．The local paper criticized what it described as the ______ behavior of the football fans. (animal)

填空题How Green Is Your Computer? 您的计算机环保吗? Reusable big handbag? Check. Prius? Check. Rooftop solar panels? Check[1]. In the bid to secure your green bragging rights, you have the usual suspects covered. But what about your personal computer? After all, the object that, via the Internet, can provide you with more information on how to lead an environmentally sound life can also be one of the things that contributes to the very same problem. Consider the following: A standard-issue PC, left on all the time, which is a not- uncommon situation, consumes 746 kilowatts per hour a year, according to estimates from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.[2] By comparison, a refrigerator uses about 500 kilowatts a year. Surely there are things that users can do to reduce their computers environmental footprint. Read on to learn ways to run your PC more efficiently, make environmentally-intelligent purchasing decisions and to dispose of an old computer properly. Power Corrupts The first piece of advice is the simplest: Dont leave your computer on all the time. Shutting it down at night should reduce its power consumption by around 500 kilowatts annually. In addition, your computer should be set to go to sleep after periods of inactivity. Different parts of your system can be set to sleep at different times: Setting your energy-saving preferences to put your hard drive to sleep after 15 minutes of inactivity is a good benchmark; your entire computer, which takes more time to wake up, should be set to go to sleep after 30 minutes. And dispose of your screensaver. Screensavers can use your hard drive to power up and photo screensavers require the extra use of a graphics card, which means you ll have the hard drive, graphics card and monitor all in use. Screensavers are a throwback from the days of really old-school CRT monitors[3], Barbara Grimes, spokeswoman for the Climate Savers Computing Initiative[4], said of cathode-ray tubes. Its never been an energy-saving feature. Theres also the issue of phantom or vampire power[5]: Just because your computer or laptop is shut down doesnt mean its not using energy. Almost every piece of electronics uses power even when it is turned off. For example, your television turns on instantly because it is actually a little bit on already. In the case of your desktop, your computer stays in standby mode so it can keep data in its memory, its clock accurate and other functions. This means the average desktop PC wastes half its power. To combat the vampires, take your computer (and peripherals) and plug it into a master power strip like the Smart Strip Power Strip[6], which can sense which devices have been turned off and then cut all power to them. Finally, download a free power-management tool. These applications will show you how much energy you can save by adjusting various settings and will make those adjustments for you in one click. Googles Energy Saver[7] will, in addition, show you the collective energy savings of all users of the product; it also integrates into the Googles own Desktop application. Verdiems Edison software[8], shows users estimated annual savings in terms of money, energy and carbon dioxide emissions. Edisons power management tool lets users choose how aggressive they want their energy savings to he by letting them slide the bar towards or away from the save more or save less tabs. Out with the Old? If you do decide to purchase a new computer, make sure that you choose both a computer and monitor that are Energy Star[9] computer. Energy Star computers must meet energy-use guidelines established by the environmental agency in three areas: standby, active, and sleep modes. The Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool[10], or Epeat, is another environmental certification that evaluates electronic products according to 51 environmental criteria. To qualify for Epeat registration, the product must meet all 51. In general, laptops are greener than desktops because they have been designed with power sensitivity.in mind, so they tend to use less power when plugged in than desktops. But desktops are easier to upgrade, and therefore may last longer. Newer computers tend to be more energy efficient than older models. For example, Energy Star-qualified computers starting from July 2007 come with power management preenabled. As for whether Macs[11] are greener than Pcs? Its system by system, said Grimes, the Climate Savers Computing Initiative spokeswoman. Apple[12] is one manufacturer and when you say PC, there are dozens. They re all using Intel processors or AMD processors. Apple is not using a proprietary processor anymore so they re getting a lot more similar at the hardware level. One place where there is a difference is in how certain manufacturers products are made. Apple, for example, has said it will completely eliminate the use of polluting materials in its products, and arsenic in the glass of flat-panel displays by the end of 2008. Unfortunately, that effort has not spread as quickly across the industry as some would like. I wish I could say that a lot of companies have eliminated their chemicals or had made some significant improvements, but thats just not where the industry is. said Barbara, national coordinator of the Electronics Take Back Coalition. [13] Reduce, Reuse, Recycle When it comes to recycling your computer, picking the right program is key. If done right, recyclers should reuse the parts they can and manage waste responsibly, which means making sure that parts dont go to countries with poor eco-track records, and that items that do get exported (like circuit boards and leaded glass) to green-friendly sites. In 2005, used or unwanted electronics amounted to about 1.9 million to 2.2 million tons of waste. Of that number, about 1.7 million tons were disposed of in landfills, and only 345,000 to 379,000 tons were recycled, according to the environmental agency. The problem is that its hard to figure out whos dumping and whos not. Theres no such certification program, said Barbara, which would help promote responsible recycling and green design in the electronics industry. Her organization, Computer Take Back, conducts initial screenings. Will people know 100 percent? No, but its a start. Computer manufacturers like Apple, Hewlett Packard[14] and Sony[15] offer recycling programs, but Dell goes even further: It will recycle any Dell[16] brand product-no matter when it was bought-free (including pick up). Dell will also pick up other product brands for free if the consumer purchases a new Dell. Concerning manufacturer recycling programs, Kyle added that with a number of manufacturers, you have to either pay them or you have to buy a new computer to get them to take your old PC back for free. Theres a huge disconnect between what people want to do and what they can do, and thats where the manufacturers need to step up. Notes [1] Reusable big handbag? Check. Prius? Check. Rooftop solar panels? Check. In the bid to secure your green bragging rights, you have the usual suspects covered. Prius,普锐斯汽车(一汽丰田)，世界首款混合动力车。在仅利用电动机驱动时对环境没有任何污染；而且在减速、制动和下坡时还能回收能量以供再利用。 译文：你的大手提包可以多次使用吗？请检查。开的是普锐斯汽车吗？请检查。屋顶有太阳能板呢？请检查。为了确保你享有的环保权利，应当注意这些方面。 [2] U.S．Environmental Protection Agency美国环境保护署，简称EPA，成立于1970年，总部设在华盛顿。其任务是为人类提供更清洁和健康的自然环境，制订战略计划，年度报告和政策方针，在国家的环境科学及相关调查、教育和评估方面具有领导地位。 [3] CRT monitor映像管显示器，是一种使用阴极射线管(Cathode Ray Tube)的显示器。 [4] Climate Savers Computing Initiative电脑产业拯救气候计划。是一个国际信息与通讯产业环保组织，一个以计算机节能化为目标的非营利性团体。 [5]“phantom”or“vampire”power“幻影”电源或“吸血鬼”电源，指电器在被关掉后的能耗。 [6] Smart Strip Power Strip 一种智能型电源线，一旦计算机、屏幕、打印机或DVD进入省电模式，这种电源线会自动侦测到此状态，然后自动断电。 [7] Googles Energy Saver使用Google桌面的人可以免费下载Energy Saver这一小工具，它适用于Windows XP和Vista，可以为用户启用并优化显示器、硬盘和电脑的电源管理设置，还能显示您节省的电量，以及使用该小软件的人共同节省的电量。 [8] Verdiems Edison software美国编程设计公司Verdiem推出的一款计算机节能软件Edison，用来降低个人电脑的耗电量，它能深入计算机操作系统，监控用电量，把系统调整到最“省电”的模式，还能帮用户设定省电功能，计算出节省了多少电费，少排放了多少二氧化碳等。 [9] Energy Star能源之星。1992年由美国环保署(EPA)启动的一项主要针对消费性电子产品的能源节约计划。在PC电源、显示器或是其他电器产品等上面常会见到“Energy Star”标志，表示其通过了美国环保署的低功耗认证，体现了产品良好的节能性能。 [10] Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool(美国)电子产品环境影响评价工具，简称EPEAT，是用来对电子产品在其寿命周期中就环境造成的影响进行评估的工具，是美国政府为了满足日益增长的大型机构采购绿色电子产品的需求而设计的。EPEAT由一系列产品评估标准和产品应用、维护管理系统两部分构成。 [11] Mac苹果机，苹果电脑。苹果电脑公司(Apple)于1984年成功推出Machintosh(简称Mac)个人电脑，产生了极大反响。苹果电脑在PC历史上是一座丰碑，以丰富的图形界面改变了单调的文字界面，以灵活的鼠标操纵取代了呆板的键盘控制，一时间畅销世界各地，但近年来市场份额出现下降。 [12] Apple苹果电脑公司，是美国著名的老牌计算机公司，成立于1977年，是个人电脑最早的倡导者和著名生产商。它所生产的苹果系列电脑，包括iMac，PowerMac，ibook，Powerbook等产品线的众多硬件产品，一直是个人电脑市场的主流产品之一，并曾提出过很多新概念，其产品也掀起过多次流行潮，风行一时。 [13] Electronics Take Back Coalition(美国)电子产品回收联盟。位于旧金山，致力于促进和推广消费类电子产品的回收。 [14] Hewlett Packard惠普公司。世界最大的计算机公司之一，该公司制造的产品正被个人使用或用于工业、商业、工程、科学和教育等领域。 [15] Sony索尼公司，创立于1946年5月，总部在日本东京，为横跨电子、金融、娱乐领域的世界巨擘。 [16] Dell戴尔公司。总部设在德克萨斯州奥斯汀，是全球领先的IT产品及服务提供商，其业务包括帮助客户建立自己的信息技术及互联网基础架构。

填空题 As she looked for things to ______ the house with, Signora Silvana, with her good taste and love of beautiful things, developed another interest collecting object of historical interest.

填空题outcome

填空题______ represents the minimum obligation undertaken by the seller, while ______ represents the minimum obligation undertaken by the buyer.

填空题Xury and Friday are characters in the novel entitled______written by______.