单选题 The uniqueness of the Japanese character is the result of two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions and selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions. As early as the 1860s, there were counter movements to the traditional orientation. Yukichi Fukuzawa, the most eloquent spokesman of Japan's "Enlightenment", claimed: "The Confucian civilization of the East seems to me to lack two things possessed by Western civilization: science in the material sphere and a sense of independence in the spiritual sphere." Fukuzawa's great influence is found in the free and individualistic philosophy of the Education Code of 1872, but he was not able to prevent the government from turning back to the canons of Confucian thought in the Imperial Rescript of 1890. Another interlude of relative liberalism followed World War I, when the democratic idealism of President Woodrow Wilson had an important impact on Japanese intellectuals and, especially students; but more important was the Leninist ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Again in the early 1930s, nationalism and militarism became dominant, largely as a result of failing economic conditions. Following the end of World War II, substantial changes were undertaken in Japan to liberate the individual from authoritarian restraints. The new democratic value system was accepted by many teachers, students, intellectuals, and old liberals, but it was not immediately embraced by the society as a whole. Japanese traditions were dominated by group values, and notions of personal freedom and individual rights were unfamiliar. Today, democratic processes are clearly evident in the widespread participation of the Japanese people in social and political life; yet, there is no universally accepted and stable value system. Values are constantly modified by strong infusions of Western ideas, both democratic and Marxist. School textbooks expound democratic principles, emphasizing equality over hierarchy and rationalism over tradition; but in practice these values arc often misinterpreted and distorted, particularly by the youth who translate the individualistic and humanistic goals of democracy into egoistic and materialistic ones. Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but vestiges of the old order remain. An important feature of relationships in many institutions such as political parties, large corporations, and university faculties is the oyabun-kobun or parent-child relation. A party leader, supervisor, or professor, in return for loyalty, protects those subordinate to him and takes general responsibility for their interests throughout their entire lives, an obligation that sometimes even extends to arranging marriages. The corresponding loyalty of the individual to his patron reinforces his allegiance to the group to which they both belong. A willingness to cooperate with other members of the group and to support without qualification the interests of the group in all its external relations is still a widely respected virtue. The oyabun-kohun creates ladders of mobility which an individual can ascend, rising as far as abilities permit, so long as he maintains successful personal ties with a superior in the vertical channel, the latter requirement usually taking precedence over a need for exceptional competence. As a consequence, there is little horizontal relationship between people even within the same profession.

单选题To be frank, I'd rather you ______ in the case. A. will not be involved B. not involved C. not to be involved D. were not involved

单选题Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they'll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world's attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see. Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we're all hot-tempered single mothers who can't keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can't escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic(酗酒的) mothers. These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself. It won't be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all. Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they'd like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise(沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that's been around for far too long.

单选题She had her finger ______when she was paper cutting.

单选题The pianist was{{U}} adept{{/U}} at playing the arpeggios.

单选题 The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally iii patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death." George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery," he says. "We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide." On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care atthe End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual an forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twi problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a medicare billing code for hospital-base care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiative translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering", to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse". He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear.., that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension".

单选题 Space Shuttle Project is one of the first huge-typed spaceflight instruments used for many times in the world, organized by American National Aviation andSpaceflight Bureau, the main researches of{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}are researching and making the system of space shuttle, suggesting and choosing{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}and landing ports,deciding the scheme of reclaiming the roll booster of solid rocket,{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}the establishment of repairing the roll booster, and rebuilding and expanding the building of the{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}and controlling system. At the beginning of 1969, the United States set up a group that specially researched the development direction of spaceflight with{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}for the next stage,{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}by deputy president. After{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}and research, it suggested that an aerocraft with great benefits in{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}should be made, eg{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}the spaceflight being its leading stanchion. In this project, five orbit implements were prescribed to be made,{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}" Exploitation", " Columbia", " Challenger","Discovery" and "Atlands". In 1970, spaceflight got into an all-round{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}of research and manufacture. The whole-project had to delay more than three years. Five orbit implements were{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}to be four and flight experiment for six times was also decreased for four, {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}the number of production was cut down, according to the original scheme. In April 1971 this{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}was decided that Kennedy Space Centre was used for the launching and landing port for space shuttles, and Edwards Air Base was used for the{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}landing port. In February 1977,"Exploitation" Orbit Implement started to have entering and landing experiment sin Edwards Air Base. From May 12, 1981 to July 4, 1982, "Columbia" Space Shuttle successfully finished four flight experiments for research and manufacture, {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}meant that the {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}and manufactures were over in{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}form. It{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}about 12 years and cost more than 75 billion US dollars to finish the whole project. On November 11, 1990, space shuttles began to fly for{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

单选题After the earthquake, a new school building was put up ______ there had once been a theatre.

单选题In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethnology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had (61) that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that (62) variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the (63) are not solely fixed by the genes. (64) , the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly (65) instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best (66) the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly (67) they hatch, ducklings fix (68) any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are (69) for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably (70) , even ones that have a considerable base (71) by genetics. Even among the social insects something like imprinting (72) influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely (73) instinct. But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all-purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally (74) very good mother but Jane Good all reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or (75) fail to nurture the young.

单选题I cannot explain the withholding tax to you. This is something which you will have to take Uup with/U an accountant.

单选题I{{U}} {{/U}} raw fish, but I'd like to try it one day.

单选题In March 1974 one of the most astonishing archaeological discoveries of the twentieth century was unearthed in the county of Lintong, Shaanxi Province. An entire army of life-sized warriors and horses, buried for more than 2200 years, began to be uncovered. These replicas had been placed in trenches around the still-unexcavated tomb of Qinshihuang, the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty(221-207 B.C.). Each of the many hundreds of life-sized warriors was constructed of baked clay and painted with a variety of colors. Most were obviously intended as individual portraits. The head shapes of these figures and the expressions on their faces were, more or less, individualized, and so each man could be identified as to his place of regional origin. The square-faced, broad-foreheaded, prominent-cheekboned, heavy-featured, big-mouthed and wide-cheeked ones were modeled after natives of central Shaanxi. The shorter, round-faced, sharp-chinned, and thin-lipped soldiers were modeled after persons from the province of Sichuan. Others were clearly from Gansu, and there were some who appeared to be members of various minorities in northwestern China. Each had its own hairdo: the ones with long hair had the knot at the right side of the head because the Qin people esteemed the right. To the surprise of both Chinese and Western archaeologists, a few of the clay soldiers showed non-Chinese characteristics possibly being persons from as far away as Arabia or Persia. This was particularly surprising because it had long been assumed that there were no persons from outside China living there in such ancient times. Yet a century later the historical record does indicate limited contact with foreigners. There is one report in the annals of the Eastern Han Dynasty(A.D. 25-220)of a Roman juggler who arrived in China by way of Burma in A. D. 109, and another of the arrival of an envoy from Macedonia at about the same time. And the Roman historian Lucjus Amnase Floras mentions the coming of a Chinese envoy to Rome as early as the reign of Augustus(27 B.C.-A. D. 14). But extensive contacts between China and the West didn't really begin until the northern Silk Road was gradually developed after 138 B.C. This overland route started at present-day Xi'an and passed through the Western Corridor beyond the Yellow River, Xinjiang, Farghana(now Uzbekistan), Persia(Iran)and Tajik(Iraq)where it met western boundary of the Roman Empire. For more than a thousand years this northern Silk Road provided a route for caravans that brought to China dates, saffron powder and pistachio nuts from Persia; glass bottles from Egypt, and many other expensive and desirable goods from other parts of the world. And the caravans went home with their camels and horses loaded down by bolts of silk brocade and boxes filled with lacquer ware and porcelains. Another Silk Road, documented in the geography section of the History of Han Dynasty, was a sea route that began at the ports of Xuwen and Hepu on the Reizhou Peninsula in South China(near which the city of Beihai is now located), passed through the Malacca Strait and ended in Burma or the Huangchi Kingdom of southern India. More Chinese porcelains and silks reached Europe by this route than by the overland one because of pirates and storms at sea. Subsidiary branches of this Silk Road of the sea reached such places as Korea, Japan, and the Philippines to allow for the exchange of various goods not readily available over the land route. For example, as early as the third century A.D., the Philippines were shipping gold to China by this route.

单选题For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures— learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise. It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome. Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side. Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of lights which pleased them, it was the success that they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

单选题I was born ______ a cold evening in November.A. inB. onC. atD. by

单选题The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the______by various means.

单选题America is a country on the move. In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health. According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularly—up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active. It is hard not to get the message. The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises. Growing publicity (宣传) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewarding—and sometimes safer—forms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remains the most popular form of exercise. As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously(强有力地) enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months.

单选题In the eyes of Unilever, its troubles mainly lie in