单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}Directions : Read the following four passages. Answer the questions blow each passage by choosing A, B, C and D． {{B}}Text 1{{/B}} Working at nonstandard times--evenings, nights, or weekends—is taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts, and one- third work weekends, according to Harriet B．Presser, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationships, which is likely to continue in coming decades. The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and whether or not children are involved. Single mothers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales, or other low-paying jobs participate disproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts. Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents' nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before or after school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages. Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for dinner but more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, based on parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers. Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employers. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hours—sometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend. Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse. She emphasizes the need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for working these hours. "Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevalent among American families but also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention," she says.

单选题Journal of Biomaterials Research will publish ______.

单选题Wholly aside from aesthetic and moral considerations, fashion is an economic absurdity, and there is little to be said in its favor. Nevertheless, we Carl appreciate the wisdom in Gina Sombrero’s belief that the enormous stress which women lay on everything pertaining to clothes and the art of personal adornment is connected with the tendency to crystallize sentiment into an object. Woman symbolizes every important event in her life by a special dress; and a jewel or a beautiful gown means to a woman what an official decoration means to a man. "If a woman's clothes cost the funnily and society a little time, money, and activity, they allow woman, independent of lies and calumnies, to triumph and come to the fore outside of man's world and competition. They allow woman to satisfy her desire to be the first in the most varied fields by giving her the illusion that she is first, and at the same time enabling her rival to have the same illusion. Clothes absorb some of woman's activity which might otherwise be diverted to more or less worth-while ends; they give woman real satisfaction, a satisfaction complete in itself, and independent of others, and they constitute safety valve which saves society from much greater and more dangerous evils than those which they cause." The aptness of these observations lies in the emphasis on clothes which are really beautiful and distinctive. But fashion is not primarily concerned with beauty; and fashion connotes conformity, not the individuality so cherished by our society and so artfully suggested by the copywriters. Many people who rigorously follow fashions believe they are following their own inclinations; they are unaware of the primitive, tribal compulsion; and this is true of fashions in manners, morals and literature, as well as in clothes.

单选题Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and Quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in "underground" papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple "all drugs are terrible for you" message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda, film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock-music videos on cable television's MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult film among users, many of where got high to watch it. Although persuasion can work fir some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even through the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention: prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomier's contention that "if the Pepsi generations can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving" is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a driver's license.

单选题I don't suppose you are serious,_____?

单选题______ telling her again since she won't listen to it?(2014年厦门大学考博试题)

单选题Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage. Among the many ways in which people communicate through speech, public speaking has probably received more study and attracted more attention than any other. Politicians campaigning for public office, salespeople presenting products, and preachers delivering sermons all depend upon this form of public communication. Even people who do not make speaking a part of their daily work are often asked to make public speeches: students at graduation, for instance, or members of churches, clubs, or other organizations. Nearly everyone speaks in public at some time or other, and those who perform the task well often become leaders. There are many reasons for speaking in public. A public speaker may hope to teach an audience about new ideas, for example, or provide information about some topic. Creating a good feeling or entertaining an audience may be another purpose. Public speakers, however, most often seek to persuade an audience to adopt new opinions, to take certain actions, or to see the world in a new way. Public speakers usually know well in advance when they are scheduled to make an address. Consequently, they are able to prepare their message before they deliver it. Sometimes, though, speakers must deliver the message unprepared, or off the cuff, such as when they are asked to offer a toast at a wedding reception or to participate in a televised debate or interview. When they do not have to speak unprepared, most speakers write their own speeches. Politicians and business executives sometimes employ professional writers who prepare their speeches for them. These professional writers may work alone or in small teams. Although the speaker may have some input into the contents of the speech, the writers sometimes have a great influence over the opinions expressed by their employers. Regardless of how a speech is prepared, the person who delivers it is given credit for its effect upon its hearers.

单选题"What About the Men?" was the title of a Congressional briefing last week timed to (1) National Work and Family Month. "What about them ?" you may be (2) to yell. When Ellen Galinsky, president of the Families and Work Institute, first went out on the road to talk about her organization's research into men's work-family (3) , she received many such grumpy responses. Work-life experts laughed at her. Men are (4) , they said. They don't have the right to complain. That was in 2008, before the Great Recession had hit. And this year, when Galinsky went out on the road again to talk about the results of a new study on male work-life conflict, she got a very (5) response. Some men became very (6) . They felt they didn't have permission to feel (7) . "'This is what I think about each and every day, ' " she recalled another man telling her. " ' I didn't realize that anyone else did, ' " he said. "He thought he was alone, " Galinsky told me. (8) men are (9) work-family conflict isn't new. Indeed, it's been some time now that they—and younger men in particular—have been complaining of feeling the (10) in even greater numbers of women. Failure, (11) , uncertainty, the (12) that comes from spending a lifetime playing one game (13) , mid-way through, that the rules have suddenly changed, seem to have (14) the old categories of self, work and meaning for many men. Is this a bad thing? I'd rather see it as a moment ripe (15) possibility. "A new beginning, " said Ellen Galinsky. After all, what men are starting to say sounds an awful lot like the conversational stirrings that (16) the way for the modern women's movement. For some years now, sociologists have been tracking the patterns of what they call (17) in men and women's lives. Mostly, when we think of this, we tend to focus (18) how they live, what they do, spend their time, whether they do or do not empty the dishwasher or care for their children. But what about how they feel? Now that this final frontier is being breached, I wonder if we aren't fully prepared to see more meaningful change in men's—and women's and families ' —lives than ever before. That is: if we can (19) the change and act (20) it with courage, not fear.

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} Man can go on increasing his numbers at the present rate. In the next 30 years man will face a period of crisis. Some experts believe that there will be a widespread food shortage. Other experts think that this is too pessimistic, and that man can prevent things from getting worse than they are now. But remember that two-thirds of the people in the world are under-nourished or starving now. One thing that man can do is to limit the number of babies born. The need for this is ob- vious, but it is not easy to achieve. People have to be persuaded to limit their families. 'In the countries of the population explosion, many people like big families. The parents think that this brings a bigger income for the family and ensures there will be someone in the family who will look after them in old age. Several governments have adopted birth control policies in recent years. Among them are Japan, China, India and Egypt. In some cases the results have not been successful. Japan has been an exception. The Japanese adopted a birth control policy in 1948. People were en- couraged to limit their families. The birth rate fell from 34.3 per thousand per year to about 17.0 per year at present.

单选题{{B}}Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}} Eggs are my favorite food. I like them{{U}} (21) {{/U}}, hard-boiled, scrambled, or poached. 1 eat eggs for{{U}} (22) {{/U}}, lunch, and dinner. I eat eggs here, there, and everywhere! Eggs taste great. You can eat them by{{U}} (23) {{/U}}or as part of any meal. Eggs are{{U}} (24) {{/U}}used as an ingredient in many prepared foods. Can you think of any foods that contain{{U}} (25) {{/U}}? Eggs are really a perfect food. They are{{U}} (26) {{/U}}in most of the nutrients we need to maintain good{{U}} (27) {{/U}}. When a baby chicken develops{{U}} (28) {{/U}}an egg, the egg{{U}} (29) {{/U}}and yolk are the only foods they need. Many people believe that eggs are{{U}} (30) {{/U}}. They point out that eggs contain a very high amount of cholesterol(胆固醇). Too{{U}} (31) {{/U}}of one kind of cholesterol in our blood can cause he-art disease. There is no evidence that eggs{{U}} (32) {{/U}}the harmful cholesterol in our blood. When we eat foods that are{{U}} (33) {{/U}}in cholesterol, our bodies make{{U}} (34) {{/U}}of it to balance, or adjust. If you want to enjoy a tasty and healthy food, eat plenty of{{U}} (35) {{/U}}.

单选题I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left ______ city, I only remember it was ______ Monday. A) the, the B) a, the C) a, a D) the, a

单选题According to the passage, dreams result from ______.

单选题When he was in America, he made a journey of seven hundred miles ______ purpose to get a glimpse of the Niagara Falls.A. onB. b7C. withD. for

单选题The history helps explain the vexing dispute between the European Union and the United States over the greatest threat to privacy yet conceived:the hundreds of millions of personal dossiers in computerized and networked databases.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. The world religion is derived from the Latin noun religion, which denotes both{{U}} (1) {{/U}}observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of{{U}} (2) {{/U}}that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be{{U}} (3) {{/U}}At one extreme, many committed believers{{U}} (4) {{/U}}only their own tradition as a religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer{{U}} (5) {{/U}}to the practices of their tradition. They may{{U}} (6) {{/U}}use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion,{{U}} (7) {{/U}}, true love of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion may be equated with{{U}} (8) {{/U}}, fanaticism, or wishful thinking. By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making{{U}} (9) {{/U}}about what is really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or{{U}} (10) {{/U}}a zone with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of Human{{U}} (11) {{/U}}that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of{{U}} (12) {{/U}}the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories{{U}} (13) {{/U}}monotheism or church structure, which are not{{U}} (14) {{/U}}. Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be{{U}} (15) {{/U}}to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of{{U}} (16) {{/U}}dynamics. Religion includes not only patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes an{{U}} (17) {{/U}}part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed{{U}} (18) {{/U}}visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal{{U}} (19) {{/U}}, and detailed rules of some ways. There are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural{{U}} (20) {{/U}}.

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again to have a tiger in the bank, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered drivers to resist the temptation to revenge then subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of driving. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to are ate an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, improper politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages (堵塞) that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can't even learn to drive, let alone be well-mannered on the road. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for us to take this message to heart.

单选题Mr. Smith doesn't want ______ what to buy. A. his wife tell him B. for his wife to tell him C. his wife to tell him D. that his wife tells him