填空题Text 2 [A] Thinks positively. [B] Knows that principles are more important than rules. [C] Possesses a sense of humor. [D] Communicates facts that are hard to take. [E] Cares for others and their well-being. [F] Has integrity and authenticity. Much has been written about the tasks of leaders and the skills required for leadership. There has been considerable debate about the question of whether leaders are born or made. Likely behind these arguments is the difference between personal characteristics that some people have at birth and skills that one can acquire through education and practice. But the important personal characteristics, while they may seem innate in some people, can be cultivated, and indeed, require cultivation in all of us. For unless they are strengthened through conscious attention and cultivation, they can, for example, easily be forgotten or ignored in the frenzy of activity often associated with leadership. What are some of these characteristics? One could make many lists, but here are five personal traits that seem especially important. A good leader:

填空题______ clockwise

填空题[A]Sowhatdowedotobesafer?Manysmartpeoplehavetackledthisquestion.PeterPronovostatJohnsHopkinsdevelopedachecklistshowntobringhospital-acquiredinfectionsdowntoclosetozero.Therearerulesagainstdisturbingnurseswhiletheydispensemedicationsandsoftwarethatwarnsdoctorswhenpatients'prescriptionswillinteractbadly.Therearepoliciesdesignedtoempowernursestoconfrontdoctorsiftheyseesomethingwrong,evenifaseniordoctorisatfault.[B]Here'sonetheory.ItisagiventhatAmericandoctorsperformastaggeringnumberoftestsandprocedures,farmorethaninotherindustrializednations,andfarmorethanweusedto.Since1996,thepercentageofdoctorvisitsleadingtoatleastfivedrugsbeingprescribedhasnearlytripled,andthenumberofM.R.I.scansquadrupled.[C]Doctorsmakemistakes.Theymaybemistakesoftechnique,judgment,ignoranceoreven,sometimes,recklessness.Regardlessofthecause,eachtimeamistakehappens,apatientmaysuffer.Wefailtoupholdourprofession'sbasicoath:"First,donoharm."[D]Hereinliesastunningirony.Defensivemedicineisrootedinthegoalofavoidingmistakes.Buteachadditionalprocedureortest,nomatterhowcautiouslyperformed,injectsafreshpossibilityoferror.CTandM.R.I.scanscanleadtofalsepositivesandunnecessaryoperations,whichcarrytheriskofcomplicationslikeinfectionsandbleeding.Themoremedicationspatientsareprescribed,themorelikelytheyaretoaccidentallyoverdoseorsufferanallergicreaction.[E]Accordingtoa1999reportbytheInstituteofMedicine,asmanyas98,000Americansweredyingeveryyearbecauseofmedicalmistakes.Today,exactfiguresarehardtocomebybecausestatesdon'tabidebythesamereportingguidelines,andfewcasesgainasmuchattentionasthatofRoryStaunton,the12-year-oldboywhodiedofsepticshockthisspringafterbeingsenthomefromaNewYorkhospital.Butareasonableestimateisthatmedicalmistakesnowkillaround200,000Americanseveryyear.ThatwouldmakethemoneoftheleadingcausesofdeathintheUnitedStates.Whyhavethesemistakesbeensohardtoprevent?[F]Whatmaybeevenmoreimportantisrememberingthelimitsofourpower.More—moreprocedures,moretesting,moretreatment—isnotalwaysbetter.In1979,StephenBergman,underthepennameDr.SamuelShem,publishedrulesforhospitalsinhiscausticallyhumorousnovel,"TheHouseofGod."RuleNo.13reads:"Thedeliveryofmedicalcareistodoasmuchnothingaspossible."First,donoharm.[G]Certainlymanyprocedures,testsandprescriptionsarebasedonlegitimateneed.Butmanyarenot.Inarecentanonymoussurvey,orthopedicsurgeonssaid24percentoftheteststheyorderedweremedicallyunnecessary.Thiskindoftreatmentisaformofdefensivemedicine,meantlesstoprotectthepatientthantoprotectthedoctororhospitalagainstpotentiallawsuits.

填空题George: What are you going to be when you grow up? Rose: ______

填空题Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.

填空题______ there has been no effective medicine against the disease although a lot of effort has been made to find one.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina-wrongorder.Forquestions41--45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.Twoparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinboxes.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet1.A."Fordecades,thecognitiveandneuralscienceshavetreatedmentalprocessesasthoughtheyinvolvedpassingdiscretepacketsofinformationinastrictlyfeed-forwardfashionfromonecognitivemoduletothenextorinastringofindividuatedbinarysymbols--likeadigitalcomputer,"saidSpivey."Morerecently,however,agrowingnumberofstudies,suchasours,supportdynamical-systemsapproachestothemind.Inthismodel,perceptionandcognitionaremathematicallydescribedasacontinuoustrajectorythroughahigh-dimensionalmentalspace;theneuralactivationpatternsflowbackandforthtoproducenonlinear,self-organized,emergentproperties--likeabiologicalorganism."B.Thecomputermetaphordescribescognitionasbeinginaparticulardiscretestate,forexample,"onoroff"orinvaluesofeitherzeroorone,andinastaticstateuntilmovingon.Iftherewasambiguity,themodelassumedthatthemindjumpstheguntoonestateortheother,andifitrealizesitiswrong,itthenmakesacorrection.C.Inhisstudy,42studentslistenedtoinstructionstoclickonpicturesofdifferentobjectsonacomputerscreen.Whenthestudentsheardaword,suchas"candle,"andwerepresentedwithtwopictureswhosenamesdidnotsoundalike,suchasacandleandajacket,thetrajectoriesoftheirmousemovementswerequitestraightanddirectlytothecandle.Butwhenthestudentsheard"candle"andwerepresentedwithtwopictureswithsimilarlysoundingnames,suchascandleandcandy,theywereslowertoclickonthecorrectobject,andtheirmousetrajectoriesweremuchmorecurved.Spiveysaidthatthelistenersstartedprocessingwhattheyheardevenbeforetheentirewordwasspoken.D.InanewstudypublishedonlinethisweekinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences(June27--July1),MichaelSpivey,apsycholinguistandassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCornell,trackedthemousemovementsofundergraduatestudentswhileworkingatacomputer.Thefindingsprovidecompellingevidencethatlanguagecomprehensionisacontinuousprocess.E.Whereastheoldermodelsoflanguageprocessingtheorizedthatneuralsystemsprocesswordsinaseriesofdiscretestages,thealternativemodelsuggeststhatsensoryinputisprocessedcontinuouslysothatevenpartiallinguisticinputcanstart"thedynamiccompetitionbetween,simultaneouslyactiverepresentations."F."Whentherewasambiguity,theparticipantsbrieflydidn'tknowwhichpicturewascorrectandsoforseveraldozenmilliseconds,theywereinmultiplestatesatonce.Theydidn'tmoveallthewaytoonepictureandthencorrecttheirmovementiftheyrealizedtheywerewrong,butinsteadtheytraveledthroughanintermediategrayarea,"explainedSpivey."Thedegreeofcurvatureofthetrajectoryshowsbowmuchtheotherobjectiscompetingfortheirinterpretation;thecurveshowscontinuouscompetition.Theysortofpartiallyheardthewordbothways,andtheirresolutionoftheambiguitywasgradualratherthandiscrete;it'sadynamicalsystem."G."Inthinkingofcognitionasworkingasabiologicalorganismdoes,ontheotherhand,youdonothavetobeinonestateoranotherlikeacomputer,butcanhavevaluesinbetween--youcanbepartiallyinonestateandanother,andtheneventuallygravitatetoauniqueinterpretation,asinfinallyrecognizingaspokenword,'Spiveysaid.{{B}}Order:{{/B}}

填空题Translate the following passage into English． 《清明上河图》描绘的是北宋都城汴京在清明时节的繁华热闹的景象。清明上河是当时的民间风俗，如像今天的节日集会，人们藉以参加商贸活动。全图规模宏大，结构严谨，大致分为三个段落：第一段是市郊景画，第二段是汴河，第三段是城内街市。 先是汴京郊外的景象。农民在田里耕作，有钱人扫墓归来。路上，驮队、挑夫、骑马坐轿的人物正匆匆进城。接下去是最精彩的部分——汴河。汴河上的拱桥如一道彩虹，桥上行人如潮，熙熙攘攘，磨肩擦踵，桥下舟楫相竞相争。许多细小情节刻化得极有情趣。如桥头一匹惊马造成险情，毛驴被惊吓，好奇的人在围观。 接着又描绘汴河的街市。汴京作为当时政治、经济、文化的中心，城中官府衙门、民居宅院、作坊店铺、茶肆酒楼，屋宇错落，林林总总，街上车水马龙，九流三教，应有尽有，百业兴隆，热闹非凡。画面又展开一幅从容的景象，有张有弛，形成有趣的对比和节奏感。画家通过对汴京城内建筑、商贸、交通、运输几个方面的描绘，再现了北宋都城的繁华和发达。

填空题A good hunting dog is ______ every sound and movement in the field． 一只出色的猎狗对牧场的每一个动静都很警觉。

填空题A. I don"t know. B. Where is the bus station? C. Where"s the men"s restroom? D. Do you welcome me? E. What"s the bus fare? F. Thanks a lot. G. Pardon me! H. You shall say sorry. A: 6 Where do I catch the bus to Huangpi? B: The bus station is on the next corner, not too far from here. A: How often do the buses run? B: 7 Ask someone at the station. A: 8 B: You"re welcome. (At the station) A: When"s the next bus for Huangpi, please? B: It will be at 10:30. A: 9 B: Five yuan one way and eight yuan round trip. A: How long does it take to get there? B: Oh, usually around 30 minutes unless they run into trouble. A: OK. I"ll take a one way ticket to Huangpi. 10 B: Up the stairs and then to the left.

填空题George: Shall we go now?Mary: ____________

填空题Few gifts are more cherished than a trip, but there are some pitfalls to surprise a loved one with a voyage. You could book a non-refundable flight during a busy time at the recipient's workplace, for instance. Find out how to avoid the problems of giving a present of a trip, and learn about creative ways to package this unique gift. (41) Do Your Homework The gift of a whirlwind trip to Paris sounds great, but what if the recipient can't even go? Do whatever you can first to be sure the recipient wants to go, can go, and can afford to go. (42) Don't Make Irreversible Commitments Even if you are 99 percent sure that the recipient can get time off and is dying to go on this trip, cover yourself. Don't book non-refundable airfare, and be sure to check cancellation policies for hotel bookings. (43) Consider the Recipient's Circumstances Even if you buy the airfare and pay for lodging, keep in mind that you are committing the recipient to spending money—and the person might not have the spare cash. (44) Look into Gifts Without a Set Date (45) Package It Right The gift of travel can be a bit intangible, so that presents a challenge when deciding what to wrap. Let yourself be creative. Giving travel as a gift really is incomparable to most any other gift. I know from personal experience that it's the kind of gift that is remembered for a lifetime. And it doesn't have to cost a fortune. Whether you conspire with others to contribute toward a big trip, or give a short weekend away, it will be a gift everyone will happily cherish.[A] If you will be traveling with the recipient, you can also offer to pay for meals and a few souvenirs. If you won't and know money is tight, provide some cash or find any items you can purchase ahead of time. For instance, many cities have tourism cards that cover entry fees to several attractions or unlimited rides on public transport.[B] That way, if the recipient can't go at that time, the plans are flexible. That doesn't mean the gift isn't a gift. You can even reserve seats on a plane online the day before giving the gift, and print the confirmation. Then, if the person says yes, go ahead and book it.[C] If traveling in narrow, enclosed spaces thousands of feet above the ground isn't daunting to you, then flying in a small airplane may prove appealing. When giving the gift of travel, you don't need to be restricted to flying with dozens of other travelers, although that is certainly an option.[D] For instance, I gave my husband a trip to Germany and the Riviera during the Cannes Film Festival. I wrote a booklet, using clip art (剪贴用插图书), reservation confirmations and destination photos, that took him through the trip step by step. Then I put the pages into a report cover. You could also pair the trip with gifts of travel guidebooks or local products.[E] You can do this by clandestine inquiries to co-workers, if possible, to find out whether the person can get time off. You can also drop hints around the recipient, such as noting that there is a great deal on airfare, and see what response you get.[F] Another option is to purchase items that have flexible dates, such as gift certificates with tour agencies, rail passes (which can usually be used as late as six months after the purchase date), or contact a hotel to find out about giving them your credit card for use by the gift recipient.

填空题CAL means the use of a computer in a teaching program whereas CAI emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order to help the learner achieve educational objectives.

填空题5．There was a large,______ structure on the top of the building. (ball)

填空题Multimedia 多媒体 /strong] More Usage Likely To Immediately Make Every Day Into Another[1] On Multimedia Applications Definition Multimedia—the combination of text, animated graphics, video, and sound—presents information in a way that is more interesting and easier to grasp than text alone. It has been used for education at all levels, ibb training, and games by the entertainment industry. It is becoming more readily available as the price of personal computers and their accessories declines. Multimedia as a human-computer interface was made possible some half-dozen years ago by the rise of affordable digital technology[2]. Previously, multimedia effects were produced by computer-controlled analogy devices[3], like videocassette recorders, projectors, and tape recorders. Digital technologys exponential decline in price and increase in capacity has enabled it to overtake analogy technology. The Internet is the breeding ground for multimedia ideas and the delivery vehicle of multimedia objects to a huge audience[4]. This paper reviews the uses of multimedia, the technologies that support it, and the larger architectural and design issues. Introduction Nowadays, multimedia generally indicates a rich sensory interface[5] between humans and computers or computer-like devices—an interface that in most cases gives the user control over the pace and sequence of the information. We all know multimedia when we see and hear it, yet its precise boundaries elude us. For example, movies on demand, in which a viewer can select from a large library of videos and then play, stop, or reposition the tape or change the speed,[6] are generally considered multimedia. However, watching the movie on a TV set attached to a VCR[7] with the same abilities to manipulate the play is not considered multimedia. Unfortunately, we have yet to find a definition that satisfies all experts. Recent multimedia conferences, such as the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems[8], ACM Multimedia[9], and Multimedia Computing and Networking[10], provide a good start for identifying the components of multimedia. The range of multimedia activity is demonstrated in papers on multimedia authoring (i. e. specification of multimedia sequences), user interfaces, navigation (user choices), effectiveness of multimedia in education, distance learning, video conferencing, interactive television, video on demand, virtual reality[11], digital libraries, indexing and retrieval, and support of collaborative work. The wide range of technologies is evident on papers on disk scheduling[12], capacity planning, resource management, optimization, networking, switched Ethernet LANs[13], ATM[14] networking, quality of service in networks, MPEG[15] encoding, compression, caching, buffering, storage hierarchies, video servers, video file systems, machine classification of video scenes, and Internet audio and video. Multimedia systems need a delivery system to get the multimedia objects to the user. Magnetic and optical disks[16] were the first media for distribution. The Internet, as well as the Transmission Control Protocol/lnternet Protocol (TCP/IP)[l7] protocol suite or Net BIOS[18] on isolated or campus LANs[19], became the next vehicles for distribution. The rich text and graphics capabilities of the World Wide Web browsers are being augmented with animations, video, and sound. Internet distribution will be augmented by distribution via satellite, wireless, and cable systems. General Uses and Applications Multimedia applications are primarily existing applications that can be made less expensive or more effective using multimedia technology. In addition, new, speculative applications, like movies on demand, can be created with the technology. We present here a few of these applications. 1. Home applications ① Video on demand Video on demand (VOD), also called movies on demand, is a service that provides movies on an individual basis to television sets in peoples homes. The movies are stored in a central server and transmitted through a communication network. A set-top box (STB)[20] connected to the communication network converts the digital information to analog and inputs it to the TV set. The viewer uses a remote control device[21] to select a movie and manipulate play through start, stop, rewind, and visual fast forward buttons. The capabilities are very similar to renting a video at a store and playing it on a VCR. The service can provide indices[22] to the movies by title, genre, actors, and director. VOD differs from pay per view[23] by providing any of the services movies at any time. Instead of requiring that, all purchasers of a movie watch its broadcast at the same time. Enhanced pay per view, also a broadcast system, shows the same movie at a number of staggered starting times. ② Home shopping and information systems Services to the home that provide video on demand will also provide other, more interactive, home services. Many kinds of goods and services can be sold in this way. The services will help the user navigate through the available material to plan vacations, renew drivers licenses, purchase goods, etc. ③ Networked games The same infrastructure that supports home shopping could be used to temporarily download video games with graphic-intensive functionality to the STB, and the games could then be played for a given period. Groups of people could play a game together, competing as individuals or working together in teams. Action games would require a very fast, or low-latency, network. 2. Video conferencing Currently, most video conferencing is done between two specially set-up rooms. In each room, one or more cameras are used, and the images are displayed on one or more monitors. Text, images, and motion video are compressed and sent through telephone lines. Recently, the technology has been expanded to allow more than two sites to participate. Videoconferences can also be connected through LANs or the Internet. In time, videoconferences will be possible from the home. 3. Education A wide range of individual educational software employing multimedia is available on CD-ROM. One of the chief advantages of such multimedia applications is that the sequence of material presented is dependent upon the students responses and requests. Multimedia is also used in the classroom to enhance the educational experience and augment the teacher,s work. Multimedia for education has begun to employ servers and networks to provide for larger quantities of information and the ability to change it frequently. ① Distance learning Distance learning is a variation on education in which not all of the students are in the same place during a class. Education takes place through a combination of stored multimedia presentations, live teaching[24], and participation by the students. Distance learning involves aspects of both teaching with multimedia and video conferencing. ② Just-in-time training Another variation on education, called just-in-time training, is much more effective because it is done right when it is needed. In an industry context, this means that workers can receive training on PCs at their own workplaces at the time of need or of their choice. This generally implies storing the material on a server and playing it through a wide-area network or LAN. 4. Digital libraries Digital libraries are a logical extension of conventional libraries, which house books, pictures, tapes, etc. Material in digital form can be less expensive to store, easier to distribute, and quicker to find. Thus, digital technology can save money and provide better capabilities. The Vatican[25] Library has an extraordinary collection of 150,000 manuscripts, including early copies of works by Aristotle[26], Dante[27], Euclid[28], Homer[29], and Virgil[30]. However, only about 2000 scholars a year are able to physically visit the library in Rome. Thus, the IBM Vatican Library Project, which makes digitized copies of some of the collection available to scholars around the world, is a very valuable service, especially if the copies distributed are of high quality. 5. Virtual reality Virtual reality provides a very realistic effect through sight and sound, while allowing the user to interact with the virtual world. Because of the ability of the user to interact with the process, realistic visual effects must be created on the fly[31]. 6. Telemedicine Multimedia and telemedicine can improve the delivery of health care in a number of ways. Digital information can be centrally stored, yet simultaneously available at many locations. Physicians can consult with one another using videoconference capabilities, where all can see the data and images, thus bringing together experts from a number of places in order to provide better care. Multimedia can also provide targeted education and support for the patient and family. Notes [1] 此处将各个单词的第一个字母组合后，即可拼出multimedia，意为多媒体。 [2] digital technology数字技术。 [3] ...computer-controlled analogy devices...计算机控制的模拟装置。 [4] The Internet is the breeding ground for multimedia ideas and the delivery vehicle of multimedia objects to a huge audience．因特网是多媒体技术这一思维的繁殖地，同时，网络又是把多媒体对象传送给诸多观众的工具。 [5] a rich sensory interface感官丰富的界面。 [6] 此分句为插入语，本句主语是movies on demand。 [7] VCR videocassette recorder录像机。 [8] International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems多媒体处理及系统国际会议。 [9] ACM Multimedia美国计算机学会多媒体(大会)。其中，ACM是Association for Computing Machinery的缩写，指美国计算机学会。 [10] Multimedia Computing and Networking多媒体处理与网络。 [11] virtual reality虚拟现实。 [12] disk scheduling磁盘列表。 [13] Ethernet LANs以太局域网，其中LANs见本课注解[19]。 [14] ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode异步传输模式。 [15] MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group运动图像专家组。 [16] optical disk光盘。 [17] TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol传输控制协议/网间协议。 [18] BIOS Basic Input Output System基本输入输出系统。 [19] LANS Local Area Networks局域网。 [20] set-top box(STB)置顶盒，机顶盒。 [21] remote control device遥控装置。 [22] indices index的复数形式。 [23] pay per view每看一次收一次费。 [24] live teaching现场教学。此处live为形容词；live也可作为副词，表示“实况地”。例如： A performance was telecast live．(演出电视实况转播)。 [25] Vatican梵蒂冈，罗马教廷。 [26] Aristotle亚里斯多德(公元前384—前322年，古希腊哲学家)。 [27] Dante但丁(意大利诗人，1265—1321)。 [28] Euclid欧几里得(古希腊数学家)。 [29] Homer荷马(古希腊诗人)。 [30] Virgil维吉尔(古罗马诗人)。 [31] on the fly在飞行中，有动感的。

填空题The scientists(success) ______ launched the satellite in spite of all the difficulties．

填空题The passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a {{U}}wrong{{/U}} word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a {{U}}missing{{/U}} word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an {{U}}unnecessary{{/U}} word, cross the unnecessary work with a slash "—" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese is seeing a decline 1. ______ of their traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has large 2. ______ fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next. The coming of the age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into 3. ______ the male-dominated job market has limited the opportunities of teen-agers who 4. ______ are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved climbing 5. ______ Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent Japanese students were fully satisfied with 6. ______ school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 countries surveyed. While often 7. ______ praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics. Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanic learning 8. ______ over creativity and self-expression. Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Detoyama, who was then education minister, raised his eyebrow when he argued that liberal reforms introduced 9. ______ by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the " Japanese morality of respect of parents." 10. ______

填空题The armor, infantry and other military forces were held up by the enemy counter attack, thus caused the delay in the advance.A.other military forcesB.were held upC.the enemy counter attackD.caused

填空题What's his ______ (intend) of coming to see me at this special moment?