填空题The philosopher is said to be a s______ man. He closed himself indoors and rarely had visitors.

填空题______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society.

填空题At the wedding party, guests ______ with cocktails in hand, talking and laughing.

填空题Translate the following paragraph into English．(北京科技大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语) 矛盾的焦点，在于来日苦短，精神体力日见不济，世故困人，而又不能抽刀断水，毅然割弃文字因缘，顾此失彼，难以周全。在人际关系中，久已无力做到有信必复，有求必应，一面又不能释然于怀，洒脱得无牵无挂。岁尾年头，向亲朋好友发个贺年片，兼代通候，原是一件使人感到温暖和愉快的事，也渐觉力不从心。因为一来一往，为数可观，操作需时，不免手忙脚乱。暮年行动不便，购卡，投邮，又须求人代劳。市上行销的时髦贺卡，多是金碧辉煌的豪华版，代价不菲，姑置不论，流行歌曲式的新潮贺词，也很不合老人身份。诸多烦扰，不一而足。曾经几次自己设计，印制一些朴素大方，既能表情达意，又可供欣赏的贺卡，也难以实现。不得已狠一狠心，向贺年片挥手告别，从此不再发寄，也不再裁答。失礼之处，只好请求多多体谅了。

填空题It's not just an American phenomenon: Across the globe, single-parent homes are on the rise. Numbers for one-parent families increased from England to Australia during the 1990s, mirroring demographic shifts reflected in the U.S. census. Just as in America, those shifts raised new questions about how involved government should be in helping single-parent families, which often are less well-off financially than those led by a married mom and dad. 41. __________ Annie Oliver, a 32-year-old single mother from Bristol, England, thinks so. "You wouldn't believe how becoming a single parent suddenly made me a second-class citizen," said Oliver, who struggles to keep a full-time job and give the extra care her disabled son needs. 42. __________ By comparison, 9.8 million house-holds, or 9 percent of all U. S. households were headed by an adult raising a child alone or without a spouse. The 1990 census showed 26 percent of homes were led by a married mother and father, and 8 percent of homes were led by a single parent. Similar increases occurred in other countries, though data from those countries are not directlycomparable to U.S. census figures because of methodology differences. 43. __________ Single parent households in Australia rose from 5.8 percent in 1990 to 7.6 percent in 1999. Other countries that saw large increases, according to the Organization: —Belgium, 1.8 percent of households in 1990 to 2.7 percent in 1999; —Ireland, 1.8 percent to 2.8 percent; —Luxembourg, 1.3 percent to 2.2 percent. 44. __________ Those countries tend to have greater acceptance of single parenting because there are fewer nearby family members to disapprove, Riche said. Lone-parent family households in Japan increased from 5.1 percent in 1990 to just 5.2 percent in 1999. 45. __________ "The position of one-parent families in any given country is very much a gender issue—women's opportunities, especially working-class women on low income," said Sue Cohen, coordinator of the Single Action Parents Network in England.[A] In the United States, the 2000 census showed 24.8 million, or nearly 24 percent of the nation's 105.5 million house-holds, were traditional two-parent homes.[B] Should single parents be afforded tax breaks to help pay for child care? Should employers be monitored to make sure flexible work-hours are offered?[C] Countries with increases in single-parent homes are often those where the nuclear family structure—just Mom, Dad and the kids—is more common than an extended, multigenerational family living under one roof, said demographer Martha Farnsworth Riche, a former Census Bureau director.[D] In the United Kingdom, lone-parent family homes increased from 3.3 percent of all households in 1990 to 5.5 percent in 1999, according to data compiled by the Paris-based Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. It did not specify whether children in those homes were younger than 18.[E] Some research suggests children raised in two-parent families are better off than those who rely on one.[F] Rates were relatively unchanged during the same period in Greece, Italy and Portugal. These countries tend to think more conservatively about family makeup, and there is more pressure to avoid divorce or unmarried parenthood, Riche said.[G] "Most of the research linking single-parenthood to children's school performance has been done with single nations," .says Dr. Suet-ling Pong, associate professor of education and sociology and demography. "We do not know much about the impact of single parenthood across cultures and countries."

填空题English has become the world's number one language in the 20th century. In every country where English is not the native language, especially in the Third World, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries. (1) . (2) . Nonetheless, a world full of different languages will disappear if the present trend in many countries to use English to replace the national or official languages in education, trade and even politics continues. (3) . The Third World countries that are now using English as a medium of instruction are depriving 75 percent of their future leaders of a proper education. According to many studies, only around 20 to 25 percent of students in these countries can manage to learn the language of instruction (English) as well as basic subjects at the same time. Many leaders of these Third World countries are obsessed with English and for them English is everything. They seem to believe that if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable. (4) . All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education. From a psychological point of view, those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop better self -confidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only be produced if students are educated in their own language from the start. (5) . There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a good education in one's native language first, then go abroad to have a university education in a foreign language. A. If this situation continues, the native or official languages of these countries will certainly die within two or three generations. This phenomenon has been called linguistic genocide. A language dies if it is not fully used in most activities, particularly as a medium of instruction in schools. B. Those who are taught in a foreign language from the start will tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants. C. Suppose you work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen. Now you are looking for a place where you can improve your English, especially your spoken English. D. But many people are concerned that English's dominance will destroy native languages. E. These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. If these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world, they use English and they feel more at home with it and proud of their ability as well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leaders' speeches because they are made in a foreign language. F. Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers. You may find the information you need. G. A close examination reveals a great number of Languages have fallen casualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, Scotch, Gaelic, Irish, native American languages, and many others. Luckily, some of these languages are now being revived, such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them.

填空题Kate: Don' t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. Tom: ______ .

填空题The little gift has become much ______ (tall)and ______ (heavy)than before.

填空题英汉互译：汉译英。(国际关系学院英语笔译、口译专业2013研，考试科目：英语翻译基础) 近些年来，中国与印度经济均实现了迅猛增长。全球金融危机过后，德国经济去年萎缩了约5％，印度和中国经济却分别增长了8％左右。全球当前的复苏主要由新兴国家拉动——尤其是印度和中国。“金砖四国”将成为全球经济的增长动力。像德国这样的国家，将从这一趋势中获益。目前德国是中国在欧洲最大的贸易伙伴国，而中国是德国在亚洲最重要的出口市场。对德国生产的绿色、创新产品的需求正不断上升。中国和印度企业也开始在德国投资，他们看重德国的技术和掌握熟练技能的工人。德国应当把中国和印度这一龙一虎当作吉祥物欢迎。他们的繁荣将确保德国的繁荣。

填空题______ tumultuous

填空题A. Perhaps our most dangerous bias is that we naturally assume that everyone else is more susceptible to thinking errors, a tendency known as the "bias blind spot." This "meta-bias" is rooted in our ability to spot systematic mistakes in the decisions of others—we excel at noticing the flaws of friends—and inability to spot those same mistakes in ourselves. In each instance, we readily forgive our own minds but look harshly upon the minds of other people. B. When people face an uncertain situation, they don"t carefully evaluate the information or look up relevant statistics. Instead, their decisions depend on a long list of mental shortcuts, which often lead them to make foolish decisions. These shortcuts aren"t a faster way of doing the math; they"re a way of skipping the math altogether. Asked about the bat and the ball, we forget our arithmetic lessons and instead default to the answer that requires the least mental effort. C. What explains this result? One provocative hypothesis is that the bias blind spot arises because of a mismatch between how we evaluate others and how we evaluate ourselves. When considering the irrational choices of a stranger, for instance, we are forced to rely on behavioral information; we see their biases from the outside, which allows us to glimpse their systematic thinking errors. However, when assessing our own bad choices, we tend to engage in elaborate introspection. We scrutinize our motivations and search for relevant reasons; we lament our mistakes to therapists and ruminate on the beliefs that led us astray. D. For more than five decades, Daniel Kahneman, a Nobel Laureate and professor of psychology at Princeton, has been asking questions like this and analyzing our answers. His disarmingly simple experiments have profoundly changed the way we think about thinking. While philosophers, economists, and social scientists had assumed for centuries that human beings are rational agents, Kahneman demonstrated that we"re not nearly as rational as we like to believe. E. Here"s a simple arithmetic question: A bat and ball cost a dollar and ten cents. The bat costs a dollar more than the ball. How much does the ball cost? The vast majority of people respond quickly and confidently, insisting the ball costs ten cents. This answer is both obvious and wrong. (The correct answer is five cents for the ball and a dollar and five cents for the bat.) F. The problem with this introspective approach is that the driving forces behind biases—the root causes of our irrationality—are largely unconscious, which means they remain invisible to self-analysis and impermeable to intelligence. In fact, introspection can actually compound the error, blinding us to those primal processes responsible for many of our everyday failings. We spin eloquent stories, but these stories miss the point. The more we attempt to know ourselves, the less we actually understand. G. In many instances, smarter people are more vulnerable to these thinking errors. Although we assume that intelligence is a buffer against bias—that"s why those with higher S. A. T. scores think they are less prone to these universal thinking mistakes—it can actually be a subtle curse. Order: 1 →D→ 2 → 3 → 4 →C→ 5

填空题______linguistics is an approach to language that is based on our experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it.

填空题My mother is a ______ motorist；she never does any dangerous driving． 我妈妈是一个开车很谨慎的人；她从来不会开车冒险。

填空题D.W. Griffith, (directing) and producing his own silent movies, (achieving) great popularity (and was) a pioneer of (modern) cinema. A. directing B. achieving C. and was D. modern

填空题The typical picture of a corporate highflier is someone who survives on very little sleep. He or she rises when it is still dark, works late and is still answering emails at two o"clock in the morning. Such people do exist, of course. The late British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, for example, was famous for operating on a few hours" sleep. Some entrepreneurs and Wall Street traders seem to follow suit. But if you think you need to do the same thing to get ahead, think again. A growing body of research is finding that, on the contrary, those who get a good night"s sleep are usually more productive at work. That"s because sleep doesn"t just rest the brain, say medical specialists. It allows the brain to perform vital maintenance and restoration tasks. Brains that get too little sleep simply can not perform as well as those that are rested. "There"s no doubt that sleep deprivation affects job performance," says the Detroit Medical Center"s Safwan Badr. "The evidence is compelling that when you do not get enough sleep...you are not as productive." Investors should also take heed: Numerous studies have found that those running on too little sleep tend to make poorer investment decisions and take needless risks as well. Charles Czeisler, a sleep specialist at Brigham you"ll see similar effects if you simply sleep too little each night over time. For the first time, new research has attempted to put some numbers on the link between more Zzzs and more Benjamins. Matthew Gibson, graduate researcher in the economics department of the University of California, San Diego, compared wage data with sleep times recorded in the U.S. Census Bureau"s American Time Use Survey. His conclusion: For those who are sleeping too little, "a onehour increase in longrun average sleep increases wages by 16%, equivalent to more than a year of schooling." Adults need eight hours of sleep on average, experts say. There is some variation between individuals. But when we are tired, we find it much harder to think innovatively and to make creative leaps, say researchers. We find it harder to adapt our thinking to new information or to learn new lessons. Consider: At England"s Loughborough University in 1999, researchers Yvonne Harrison tested the effects of sleep deprivation on a small group of healthy young participants. They were given complex business-situation tasks in the form of a game, as well as some critical reading tasks. Those who went short on sleep were able to keep up with the reading, they found. But when it came to the complex game, "their play collapsed," they Reported. A. agrees that sleep deprivation brings bad effects to investment. B. holds that adults need an average of 8 hours" sleep. C. believes that lack of sleep diminishes your performance. D. thinks it is difficult for people lacking sleep to take up creative work. E. points out the relation between sleep time and American dollars. F. is well known for very little sleep. G. maintains that sleep can rest the brain, and let the brain do other important tasks.

填空题A. take out your card B. What's next C. The ATM gives you bills D. What do I do E. put your card in this slot F. How much can I take out G. Enter the amount you want H. Take the money and leave Susan: How do I use the ATM? Alan: First of all, (56) and enter your PIN. Susan: OK. Then I choose withdrawal? Alan: Yes, choose withdrawal, not account information. Susan： (57) ? Alan：The ATM calls up your checking or savings account． Susan：And then? Alan： (58) to take out of your account． Susan： (59) ? Alan：Most accounts have a limit of$400． Susan：What happens after I enter the withdrawal amount? Alan： (60) ，usually $20 bills．Take the money and receipt from the slots．

填空题 [A] What route does HIV take after it enters the body to destroy the immune system? [B] How and when did the long-standing belief concerning AIDS and HIV crop up? [C] What is the most effective anti-HIV therapy? [D] How does HIV subvert the immune system? [E] In the absence of a vaccine, how can HIV be stopped? [F] Why does AIDS predispose infected persons to certain types of cancer and infections? In the 20 years since the first cases of AIDS were detected, scientists say they have learned more about this viral disease than any other. Yet Peter Piot, who directs the United Nations AIDS program, and Stefano Vella of Rome, president of the International AIDS Society, and other experts say reviewing unanswered questions could prove useful as a measure of progress for AIDS and other diseases. Among the important broader scientific questions that remain: 41. __________. A long-standing belief is that cancer cells constantly develop and are held in check by a healthy immune system. But AIDS has challenged that belief. People with AIDS are much more prone to certain cancers like non-Hodgkins lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoms, but not to breast, colon and lung, the most common cancers in the United States. This pattern suggests that an impaired immune system, at least the type that occurs in AIDS, does not allow common cancers to develop. 42. __________. When HIV is transmitted sexually, the virus must cross a tissue barrier to enter the body. How that happens is still unclear. The virus might invade directly or be carried by a series of different kinds of cells. Eventually HIV travels through lymph vessels to lymph nodes and the rest of the lymph system. But what is not known is how the virus proceeds to destroy the body's CD-4 cells that are needed to combat invading infectious agents. 43. __________. Although HIV kills the immune cells sent to kill the virus, there is widespread variation in the rate at which HIV infected people become ill with AIDS. So scientists ask. Can the elements of the immune system responsible for that variability be identified? If so, can they be used to stop progression to AIDS in infected individuals and possibly prevent infection in the first place? 44. __________. In theory, early treatment should offer the best chance of preserving immune function. But the new drugs do not completely eliminate HIV from the body so the medicines, which can have dangerous side effects, will have to be taken for a lifetime and perhaps changed to combat resistance. The new policy is expected to recommend that treatment be deferred until there are signs the immune system is weakening. Is a vaccine possible? There is little question that an effective vaccine is crucial to controlling the epidemic. Yet only one has reached the stage of full testing, and there is wide controversy over the degree of protection it will provide. HIV strains that are transmitted in various areas of the world differ genetically. It is not known whether a vaccine derived from one type of HIV will confer protection against other types. 45. __________. Without more incisive, focused behavioral research, prevention messages alone will not put an end to the global epidemic.

填空题Can you offer us machine tools ______ the following specification in accordance ______ the terms of the sales contract.

填空题The terms such as "desk" ,"chair" and "bed" are______of the term "furniture".