填空题Text 5 Why crime has risen so much further and faster in Britain than in any other rich country over the past half-century is anybody's guess, maybe it's the result of near-American levels of relative poverty and family breakdown combined with a European reluctance to bang up quite such a large proportion of the population as America does. Anyway, the long-term causes are of less immediate interest to the government than a short-term solution. Popular concern about crime is rising: 23% of people rated it as one of the most important issues for the government at the beginning of this year; 34% do now. An official report concluding that the criminal justice system is failing has added to the government's problems. The Audit Commission, the government's watchdog, says that the police too often charge suspects with the wrong offences, use inaccurate computerized information and face serious inefficiencies in the forensic science (the use of scientific methods by the police) service. Court delays alone are costing taxpayers￡80m ($120m) a year. The result is that few criminals are brought to justice and even fewer convicted. Only 6% of the more than 5m offences recorded by the police last year resulted in a conviction. Hardly surprising, then, that more than half the public believes that the criminal justice system is ineffective. The main purpose of the White Paper published last year is to address concerns that the procedures of the court are weighted too heavily against the prosecution. It includes many sensible and uncontroversial proposals. It asks for more support for witnesses, many of whom are frightened of testifying. A survey of one London court found that, of 140 witnesses called in a two-week period, only 19 actually turned up. Making juries more representative must also make sense. Getting off jury service is too easy. In some London courts, two-thirds of those called for jury service fail to turn up. As a result, juries are often composed of housewives, the unemployed and the retired. The White Paper recommends a check on professionals' getting off service, who can excuse themselves by saying their work is too important, and proposes penalties for those who fail to comply. Other proposed reforms will be more controversial. At present, no defendant can be tried for the same offence twice even if compelling new evidence emerges. The government's plan to scrap that law will be resisted by civil liberties campaigners, as will the proposal that previous convictions should be disclosed in open court if they are relevant to the case being heard. Whether or not such proposals make it into law, the White Paper did not do much to address public concerns. The reason why 94% of crimes do not result in a conviction is that three-quarters of them are not cleared up, and so nobody is charged. That is the fault of the police, not the courts; and that is the part of the criminal justice system that the government needs to focus on if it is to make a difference. [A] use insufficient computerized information. [B] the work of the police, not that of the courts. [C] a short-term solution rather than the long-term causes. [D] the mistaken offences. [E] most of those called for jury duty are absent. [F] to address public concerns. [G] who are afraid of appearing in court.

填空题After business negotiation, the two parties sign a written a contract which shall function as basis for the performance of ______ and ______ by the two parties.

填空题After months of ob______, I personally can conclude that it was pretty much an arbitrary policy.

填空题A. Thank you B. It's my pleasure C. By the way D. No, of course not E. Here you are F. Never mindG. I'm sorry H. No way

填空题WhilewatchingTV,youshouldtaketheopportunitytoshareyourown________withyourkids.

填空题What Does Translation Theory Do?Theory first, is to identify and define a translation problem(no problem—no translation theory!): second, to indicate all the factors that have to be taken into account in solving the problem: third, to list all the possible translation procedures: finally, to recommend the most suitable translation procedure, plus the appropriate translation.Translation is pointless and sterile if it does not arise from the problems of translation practice, from the need to stand back and reflect, to consider all the factors, within the text and outside it, before coming to a decision.I close this chapter by enumerating the new elements in translation now, as opposed to, say, at the beginning of the century:(1)The emphasis on the readership and the setting, and therefore on naturalness, ease of understanding and an appropriate register, when these factors are appropriate.(2)Expansion of topics beyond the religious, the literary and the scientific to technology, trade, current events, publicity, propaganda, in fact to virtually every topic of writing.(3)Increase in variety of text formats, from books(including plays and poems)to articles, papers, contracts, treaties, laws, notices, instructions, advertisements, publicity, recipes, letters, reports, business forums, documents, etc.

填空题______ (Succeed) management with the economy will depend on political stability.

填空题8．Bill was not really ______. He was interested in sports like football and basketball. (book)

填空题A. Breaking all constraints B. Timeline to execution C. The purpose of the decision D. Known unknowns and unknown unknowns E. Wrong is never permanent F. Resource accessibility G. Playing to self-interest Leadership in any capacity requires a laser-like focus, complete awareness of the problem set, and a willingness to "move the needle" when faced with uncertainty. Leaders must, at any point, be willing to make a split-second decision with potentially long-lasting and profound impacts. Here are five criteria to consider when making your next big decision: 16 In the military, there was (and still is) a pecking order of priority upon which decisions are based. The mission always came first, followed by what would serve the team, and finally, what would serve the individual. The individual always comes last because he or she was always the smallest link in the organization al chain. Playing to self-interest serves little purpose, and that"s not what a team or an organization is about. 17 Well, "never" is a strong word, but you get the idea. I"ve said before that failure is only determined by where you choose to stop, and it also depends on how that particular problem is perceived. The higher one ascends within an organization. For example, the same problem that appears tricky at one level may not necessarily be the right one to solve for at another. Seek as many viewpoints as you can to enhance your understanding of the situation. 18 There are internal and external influences that shape the feasibility of execution along a given timeline. Internal influences refer to the competency of you and your team to execute the decision in the given time, whereas external influences signify the driving forces that impact the deadline that you have no control over, such as weather, the economy or market demand. You want to ask yourself two questions. First, "Is now the right time to decide?" If the answer is yes, then your next question is, "Am I capable of executing the decision?" If the answer is no then ask "why?" 19 These are the constraints surrounding the execution of your decisions. A known unknown is when you realize a specific intangible exists but can"t quantify how much, such as traffic. For instance, you"re aware that rush hour in Los Angeles never really has an end point, so it could take you from 20 minutes to two hours to travel from A to B. The point is, you know that uncertainty exists but don"t know how much. Unknown unknowns are when Murphy likes to throw another wrench in the mix that you simply can"t plan for, such as a vehicle accident or engine breakdown. Try to identify all constraints as best you can so you know how to align them towards the purpose of your decision. 20 If at first you don"t succeed, try, try again. The result of any effort will depend in part on the resources used to execute it, so be sure to identify not only the primary resources available but also secondary ones, too. Every decision should have a contingency plan for when those unknown unknowns arise and deem your primary course of action obsolete. Decision-making can paralyze you if you"re not prepared. Tackle your next major dilemma using the aforementioned considerations and feel better about the decisions you come to.

填空题The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.

填空题Ezra Pound insists that translation should be "fidelity to the original" from "meaning" to "atmosphere". How do you understand "atmosphere" in this context?

填空题 A. I miss you, too B. It's nice C. Oh, come on D. for the world E. Sounds as if F. in the world G. To tell you the truth H. I can't waitJohn: Hi, Kim. I haven't seen you for ages. How are you?Kim: I'm fine, thanks. I moved house recently, so I've been very busy.John: {{U}}56 {{/U}}you need a rest! Listen, I'm having a Halloween party on Saturday night. Would you like to come?Kim: It's very good of you to ask me, but I'm too busy. I still have a lot to do in the house.John: {{U}}57 {{/U}} ! Everybody needs a break now and then.Kim: Yes, you are right. {{U}}58 {{/U}} , I'm getting a bit fed up with it! When does your party start?John: Around 8 o'clock in the evening.Kim: Sounds great! {{U}}59 {{/U}}.John: OK! I'll see you on Saturday, then.Kim: I wouldn't miss it {{U}}60 {{/U}}.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} For each numbered blank in the following passage, fill in a suitable word in each blank on the ANSWER SHEET. Sleep is an important part of our lives. We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping. For millions of people,{{U}} (51) {{/U}}, getting enough sleep is a continuing struggle. A recent study found that thirty-five percent of Americans have{{U}} (52) {{/U}}going to sleep or staying asleep. The problem is called insomnia. Insomnia exists{{U}} (53) {{/U}}a person is not able to get the{{U}} (54) {{/U}}of sleep needed to operate effectively. Insomnia is not{{U}} (55) {{/U}}in numbers of hours of sleep. This is because different people need{{U}} (56) {{/U}}amounts of sleep to feel rested. The most common problems{{U}} (57) {{/U}}from insomnia are sleepiness and trouble in completing work. Other problems are emotional disorders and difficulty{{U}} (58) {{/U}}thinking. The treatments for{{U}} (59) {{/U}}were discussed at a recent meeting of the Association of Professional Sleep Societies. The group's sleep experts say there are three kinds of insomnia. One{{U}} (60) {{/U}}is called transient insomnia. It{{U}} (61) {{/U}}just a few days. It is a result of moderate tension. The tension can be caused by a long airplane flight or a brief stay in a hospital.{{U}} (62) {{/U}}kind is called short-term insomnia. It lasts several weeks and results from more{{U}} (63) {{/U}}tension. The tension may be caused by problems at work or at home, a major sickness or the death of a loved one. The third kind of insomnia is called{{U}} (64) {{/U}}. It lasts longer than several weeks. It often is a sign of severe physical or{{U}} (65) {{/U}}problems. Sleep experts say anyone with long-term insomnia should be examined so the cause can be found and treated. Many things we eat or drink can affect our{{U}} (66) {{/U}}. Drinks containing alcohol or caffeine can block sleep.{{U}} (67) {{/U}}can some medicines. Other causes of insomnia include breathing problems or sudden, uncontrolled body movements during sleep. Because insomnia has so many causes, not all treatments are{{U}} (68) {{/U}}for everyone. But experts have offered some simple ideas that work for most people. If{{U}} (69) {{/U}}to sleep, they say, get up and go to another room, if possible. Stay up until you are really{{U}} (70) {{/U}}, them return to bed. Get up at the same time every day. Do not exercise just before going to bed. And, do not worry about past problems or future plans.

填空题{{B}}41. Extends Language Learning Time and Place:{{/B}} As many researchers have noted, e - mail extends what one can do in the classroom, since it provides a venue for meeting and communicating in the foreign language outside of class. Because of the nature of e - mails, FL learners do not have to be in a specific classroom at a particular time of day in order to communicate with others in the foreign language. They can log in and write e - mails from the comfort of their own room, from a public library or from a cyber - cafe, and these spatial possibilities increase the amount of time they can spend both composing and reading in the foreign language in a communicative context.{{B}}42. Provides a Context for Real - world Communication and Authentic Interaction:{{/B}} By connecting FL speakers outside of the classroom, e - mail also provides a context for communicating with other speakers in authentic communicative situations. Interaction via e - mail lends a feeling of reality to students' communicative efforts that may seem artificial in a classroom setting. This communicative interaction is much like spoken language because of its informal and interactive nature. Yet, unlike face- to- face communication, e- mail is in written form and this can serve the language learner well.{{B}}43. Expands Topics Beyond Classroom - based Ones:{{/B}} Language teachers often have to follow a rigorous schedule in terms of content and/or grammatical topics to be presented and practiced in a semester or marking period. Large chunks of time can rarely be spared for free communication.{{B}}44. Promotes Student - centered Language Learning:{{/B}} In e - mail communication, FL learners can experience increased control over their own learning, since they can choose the topic and change the direction of the discussion. The end goal is to communicate with another person in the FL rather than to produce a mistake - free composition.{{B}}45. Encourages Equal Opportunity Participation:{{/B}} Beauvois (1997) reported that computer- mediated communication increased total class participation to 100%.{{B}} Connects Speakers Quickly and Cheaply{{/B}} E - mail allows students to communicate with native speakers of the target language without the high cost of traveling a broad (Hedderich 1997; Roakes, 1998 ). Before the advent of the Internet, it was not possible to communicate so immediately and so frequently with native speakers or with other learners. [A] Others have noted that students reticent to speak in face -to -face contexts are more willing to participate in the electronic context ( Beauvois, 1995; Gonzalez - Bueno, 1998; Warschauer, 1995). [B] Rankin (1997) notes that the additional interaction in the foreign language provides FL learners with more input than they would be able to expect from class time, which typically amounts to not more than four hours per week in most high school or college settings. [C] E - mail allows for communication between students in a context where the teacher's role is no longer at the center (Patrikis, 1995). [D]E -mail gives learners an additional context for discussion that can be -- but does not necessarily have to be linked to topics being covered in class. [E] Frequently it is difficult for students to engage in an activity in a foreign language class without preparation ahead of time. A pre - class e - mail assignment can take care of the groundwork and save valuable class time. Examples are given of ways in which the teacher might prepare students for writing, listening, and speaking activities. [F] As Schwienkorst (1998) stressed, "The major advantage of written communication is... the possibility for each learner to preserve the entire communication ..." and to have for future use "an enormous sample of his or her own efforts in the target language."

填空题God did not create the universe and the "Big Bang" was an inevitable consequence of the laws of physics, the eminent British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking argues in a new book."Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the universe exists, why we exist, " Hawking writes."It is not necessary to invoke God to light the blue touch paper and set the universe going. "Hawking, 68, who won global recognition with his 1988 book A Brief History of Time, an account of the origins of the universe, is renowned for his work on black holes, cosmology and quantum gravity.Since 1974, the scientist has worked on marrying the two cornerstones of modem physics—Albert Einstein"s General Theory of Relativity, which concerns gravity and large-scale phenomena, and quantum theory, which covers subatomic particles.

填空题The children looked wonderfully ______ with their bright eyes and rosy cheeks． 孩子们眼睛明亮，脸颊红润，看起来健康极了。

填空题不言而喻, the education of youth is of great importance to the future of a country.

填空题The scientists, concerned about the potential hazards, wanted the latest research finding made publicly.A. concerned aboutB. the latestC. madeD. publicly

填空题Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which in return increase the risk of heart disease.

填空题没有用 arguing with them on the issue.