阅读理解Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Flores Colque celebrated her 118th birthday last month

阅读理解We could do with a new car

阅读理解Lisa Tyler was weary after a long, hard day at the potter), factory where she works, but as she approached her home in the English city of Stoke on Trent, her heart lightened ; soon she would be having a nice cup of tea, putting her feet up and watching Friends, her favourite TV series

阅读理解Passage four Youve made it

阅读理解Text 4 Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that its painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr

阅读理解The Meaning of the 21st Century At the start of the 21st century, 【A1】 humankind finds itself on a non-sustainable coursethe course that, unless it is changed, could lead to grand scale catastrophes

阅读理解Passage 3 Energy independence

阅读理解Text 2 Parents might say honesty is the best policy, but when it comes to talking with their own children, mom and dad lie surprisingly often, finds a new study carried out by researchers in the University of Toronto, Canada

阅读理解Passage Two When next years crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, theyll be joined by anew face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost(教务长) of Yale, wholl become Oxfords vice-chancelloraposition equivalent to university president in America

阅读理解Questions 34-35 CHINA‟S biggest carmaker does not seem to be doing so badly, a first glance at SAIC‟s third quarter results on October 30th would suggest, Net profits rose by nearly 5% compared with a year earlier, to 6

阅读理解Passage Three When jack Davis, 9, looks up at the night sky, he doesnt see just the stars

阅读理解 Could HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, be weakening? The results of a study conducted in Belgium, at the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, seem to suggest that in one corner of the world it might be. The report, published in the latest issue of AIDS, a specialist journal, concludes that HIV's ability to replicate (known technically as its virulence) may have decreased since the start of the pandemic. Kevin Arien, the lead author of the paper, stresses that the study is based on a small set of samples and does not prove that HIV's virulence is attenua- ting around the world. However, it does offer new insights into the evolution of the disease. Dr. Arien looked at 24 blood samples collected from untreated patients attending an HIV/AIDS clinic in Antwerp. A dozen of these samples were taken between 1986 and 1989; the other 12 were collected between 2002 and 2003. First, he analyzed the samples to find their viral load (the number of virus particles per cubic centimeter) and the subtype of virus involved. In Europe and North America, the predominant subtype is B; in sub-Saharan Africa, where the epidemic is at its worst, the predominant subtype is C. Most of Dr. Arien's samples were of subtype B. Having done this analysis, he paired the samples off for a series of replicative 'duels'. Each sample from the earlier series was matched with the most similar one from the later series, and they were placed in identical cell cultures to see which would multiply the most. The result was that 75 % of the viruses from 2002-2003 were less virulent than apparently similar counterparts from 1986-1989—a statistically significant observation. Dr. Arien's caution is sensible, at least until someone replicates the work elsewhere. But his conclusion is not necessarily surprising. Such viral attenuation, as it is known, is one way that vaccines are produced. What causes attenuation in wild viruses, though, is a matter of speculation. Dr. Arien believes that in this case the attenuation could be the result of what he calls 'serial genetic bottlenecks' during transmission from host to host. These act to reduce the genetic diversity (and thus the replicative fitness) of the virus. Genetic diversity is known to be an important component of HIV's virulence. But what might cause the bottlenecks is still unclear. A second reason for caution besides the small size of the study is, as Geoffrey Garnett, a professor of microparasite epidemiology at Imperial College, London, points out, that the ability of a virus to infect cells in a test-tube is not the same as its ability to cause disease and death in a human host. Nevertheless, Dr. Arien's result is intriguing, and surely worth following up in a larger piece of research.

阅读理解 __________would need six weeks a couple of hundred years ago.

阅读理解 How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it—convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our 'adversarial' system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental 'inquisitorial' system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by 'ordeal'—especially a religious event—was the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U.S.A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries' mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal.

阅读理解Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or - independently of any course - simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of I he values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

阅读理解A. These tools can help you win every argument-not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people. Learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of argumentsfrom a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understandingthen we change the very nature of what it means to win an argument. B. Of course, many

阅读理解Passage Three On the River Tome, 124 miles north of the Arctic Circle, sits the Icehotel， the original large-scale, frozen destination hotel

阅读理解Text 1 Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims

阅读理解Text 1 Deep readingas opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Webis an endangered practice, one weought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art

阅读理解Passage 1 The Internet can make the news more democratic, giving the public a chance to ask questions and seek out facts behind stories and candidates, according to the head of the largest US on-line service