填空题We didnt send you an invitation，as we ______ that you would be coming． 我们没有给你发邀请函是因为我们想当然地认为你会来。

填空题TV Can Be Good for You Television wastes time, pollutes minds, destroys brain cells, and turns some viewers into murderers. 1 . But television has at least one strong virtue, too, which helps to explain its endurance as a cultural force. In an era when people often have little time to speak with one another, television provides replacement voices that ease loneliness, spark healthful laughter, and even educate young children. Most people who have lived alone understand the curse of silence, when the only sound is the buzz of unhappiness or anxiety inside one"s own head. Although people of all ages who live alone can experience intense loneliness, the elderly are especially vulnerable to solitude. For example, they may suffer increased confusion or depression when left alone for long periods but then rebound when they have steady companionship. A study of elderly men and women in New Zealand found that television can actually serve as a companion by assuming "the role of social contact with the wider world", reducing "feeling of isolation and loneliness because it directs viewers" attention away from themselves". 2 . The absence of real voices can be most damaging when it means a lack of laughter. 3 . Laughter is one of the most powerful calming forces available to human beings, proven in many Studies to reduce heart rate, lower blood pressure, and ease other stress-related ailments. Television offers plenty of laughter for all kinds of viewers: the recent listing for a single Friday night included more than twenty comedy programs running on the networks and on basic cable between 6 pm and 9 pm. A study reported in a health magazine found that laughter inspired by television and video is as healthful as the laughter generated by live comedy. Volunteers laughing at a video comedy routine "showed significant improvements in several immune functions, such as natural killer-cell activity". 4 . Even for people with plenty of companionship, television"s replacement voices can have healthful effects by causing laughter. Television also provides information about the world. This service can be helpful to everyone but especially to children, whose natural curiosity can exhaust the knowledge and patience of their parents and caretakers. 5 . For example, educational programs such as those on the Discovery Channel, the Disney Channel, and PBS offer a steady stream of information at various cognitive levels. Even many cartoons, which are generally dismissed as mindless or worse, familiarize children with the material of literature, including strong characters enacting classic narratives. Two researchers studying children and television found that TV is a source of creative and psychological instruction, inspiring children "to play imaginatively and develop confidence and skills". Instead of passively watching, children "interact with the programs and videos" and "sometimes include the fictional characters they"ve met into reality"s play time". 6 . The value of these replacement voices should not be oversold. For one thing, almost everyone agrees that too much TV does no one any good and may cause much harm. Many studies show that excessive TV watching increases violent behavior, especially in children, and can cause, rather than ease, other antisocial behaviors and depression. 7 . Steven Pinker, an expert in children"s language acquisition, warns that children cannot develop language properly by watching television. They need to interact with actual speakers who respond directly to their specific needs. Replacement voices are not real voices and in the end do only limited good. But even limited good is something, especially for those who are lonely, angry, or neglected. Television is not an entirely positive force, but neither is it an entirely negative one. Its voices stand by to provide company, laughter, and information whenever they"re needed. A. In addition, human being require the give-and-take of actual interaction. B. While the TV may be baby-sitting children, it can also enrich them. C. Thus runs the prevailing talk about the medium, supported by serious research as well as simple belief. D. Here, too, research shows that television can have a positive effect on health. E. Thus television"s replacement voices both inform young viewers and encourage exchange. F. Television can be a positive practical training ground for moral growth in a changing world. G. Thus television"s replacement voices can provide comfort because they distract from a focus on being alone. H. Further, the effects of the comedy were so profound that "merely anticipating watching a funny video improved mood, depression, and anger as much as two days beforehand."

填空题She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts.

填空题With the pace of technological change making heads spin, we tend to think of our age as the most innovative ever. We have smart phones and supercomputers, big data and stem-cell transplants. Governments, universities and firms together spend around $1.4 trillion a year on R and the drop-off since 2004 probably has more to do with the economic crisis than with underlying lack of invention. B. Economic growth is a modem invention: 20th-century growth rates were far higher than those in the 19th century, and pre-1750 growth rates were almost imperceptible by modem standards. C. Rather as electrification changed everything by allowing energy to be used far from where it was generated, computing and communications technologies transform lives and businesses by allowing people to make calculations and connections far beyond their unaided capacity. D. And it wasn't just modem sanitation that sprang from late-19th and early-20th-century brains: they produced cars, planes, the telephone, radio and antibiotics. E. Many more brains are at work now than were 100 years ago: American and European inventors have been joined in the race to produce cool new stuff by those from many other countries. F. If the pessimists are right, the implications are huge. Economies can generate growth by adding more stuff: more workers, investment and education. But sustained increases in output per person, which are necessary to raise incomes and welfare, entail using the stuff we already have in better ways— innovating, in other words. G. Life expectancy in America, for instance, has risen more slowly since 1980 than in the early 20th century. The speed of travel, in the rich world at least, is often slower now than it was a generation earlier, after rocketing a century or so ago.

填空题Author______Title______ I was seated by the shore of a small pond, about a mile and a half south of the village of Concord and somewhat higher than it, in the midst of an extensive wood between that town and Lincoln, and about two miles south of that our only filed known to fame, Concord Battle Ground;...

填空题Miss Cherry is a well-known singer. She showed (music) ______ tendencies from her early age.

填空题Whatever you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success.

填空题 41)___________. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor in this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. 42) ___________. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. 43) ___________. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. 44) ___________. In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctic, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. 45) ___________.[A] The water in the oceans only leaves by evaporating (and the freezing of polar ice), but the salt remains dissolved in the ocean—it does not evaporate.[B] Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.[C] If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place.[D] Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.[E] This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper, portions of the oceans of the world.[F] The salinity (salt content) of ocean water varies. One cubic foot of average sea water contains 2.2 pounds of salt.[G] Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. The tragic impact of the modern city on the human being has killed his sense of aesthetics, the material benefits of an affluent society have diverted his attention from his city and its cultural potentials to the products of science and technology, washing machines, central heating, automatic cookers, television sets, computers and fitted carpets. He is, at the moment, drunk with democracy, well-to-do, a car driver, and has never had it so good. He is reluctant to walk. Statistics reveal that the distance he is prepared to walk from his parking place to his shopping center is very short. (41) __________. Congestion has become the predominant factor in his environment, and statistics suggest that two cars per household system may soon make matters worse. (42) __________. "Putting land to its highest and best use" becomes the principal economic standard in urban growth. This speculative approach and the pressure of increasing population leads to the "vertical" growth of cities with the result that people are forced to adjust themselves to congestion in order to maintain these relatively artificial land values. Paradoxically the remedy for removing congestion is to create more of it. Partial decentralization, or rather, pseudo-decentralization, in the form of large development units away from the traditional town centers, only' shifts the disease round the anatomy of the town; if it is not combined with the remodeling of the town's transportation system, it does not cure it. (43) __________. It is within our power to build better cities and revive the civic pride of their citizens, but we shall have to stop operating on the fringe of the problem. We shall have radically to replan them to achieve a rational density of population. We shall have to provide in them what can be called minimum "psychological elbow room." (44) __________. We must collect, in an organized manner, all and complete information about the city or the town, if we want to plan effectively. The principal unit in this process is "IM' (one man). We must not forget that cities are built by people, and that their form and shape should be subject to the will of the people. (45) __________.The "man-educate' man, the human, will have to set the target, and using the results obtained by science and his own engineering skill, take upon himself the final shaping of his environment. He will have to use his high moral sense of responsibility to the community and to future generations. [A] New systems of city management may be necessary to cope with the needs of today's urban populations. Some planners insist that a decentralised decision-making process is fundamental to ensuring that cities work for and not against people. [B] As there are no adequate off-street parking facilities, the cities are littered with kerb parked cars and parking meters rear themselves everywhere. [C] Here the engineering solutions are strongly affected by the necessity for complicated intersections, which in turn, are frustrated by the extravagant cost of land. [D] Scientific methods of data collection and analysis will indicate trends, but they will not direct action. Scientific methods are only an instrument. [E] The convergence of economic growth, population growth and urban expansion offers both great challenges and great potentials for realizing metropolitan sustainability. [F] In the meantime, insult is added to injury by "land value." The value of land results from its use; its income is derived from the service it provides. When its use is intensified, its income and its value increase. [G] One of the ingredients of this will be proper transportation plans. These will have to be an integral part of the overall planning process which in itself is a scientific process where facts are essential.

填空题Beth: Did you hear that Ron was in the hospital? Mimi: Oh, really? (56) with him? Beth: He's got a very high temperature. I guess it may be cholera (霍乱). Mimi: Cholera! How in the world did (57) ? Beth: Who knows?! Mimi: (58) for a long time? Beth: For a couple of weeks, apparently. But he only (59) on Monday. Mimi: Why did he wait so long? He should have seen a doctor earlier. Beth: Yes, I know. But luckily the doctor says if he stays in the hospital for a few weeks, he should be able to improve. Mimi: Gee, (60) .

填空题A. how long do you think that B. international communications C. I cannot see you frequently D. after you finish your degree E. how often do you see me F. I have not seen you in a while G. learn something important H. So where have you been Adam: Hello, it"s been a long time since I have seen you. Peter: It is true that 1 . Adam: Exactly 2 it has been? Peter: I believe that it has been two years since we last saw each other. Adam: 3 since I last saw you? Peter: I am working on my doctorate at USC. Adam: What is your field of emphasis? Peter: I decided to pursue 4 Adam: I think that you will be very employable 5 Peter: I hope that when I finish I will find good work.

填空题Party B shall pay Party A 2/% ______ invoice value as interest charges ______ the 60 days delayed payment．The letter of credit ______ each order shall reach Party A 45 days before the date of shipment.

填空题Bill: What do you think of the film you saw last night?Nancy: ______

填空题For psychologists, the task is to determine whether the use of generic masculine nouns and pronouns triggers images of men ______ the exclusion of women.

填空题Thanks to your stupidity, we lost the game.

填空题That the woman was saying was so important that I asked everyone to stop talking and listen.A. ThatB. was sayingC. to stopD. listen