阅读理解Questions 41 to 50 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Passage OneKidnapping is the cruelest crime of the 20th century. There is not the political passion behind mosthijacking; the motive is greed for money. The victims, provided their families are rich enough, arechosen at random. With the constant exposure by the media of personal fame and fortune, mostpeople are vulnerable than ever.The most notorious kidnapping began on the evening of March 1, 1932, when someone placed ahome-made ladder against the New Jersey home of Colonel Charles Lindbergh and stole his blond,blue-eyed baby son. A ransom note was left from the kidnapper. Lindbergh, the first pilot to fly soloacross the Atlantic, was the most popular man in America.When the boy was found a few miles away with his head crushed in, the whole nation was shockedand Congress passed the “Lindbergh Kidnap Law”, with the death penalty for transporting a kidnapvictim across a state line. The kidnapper, Bruno Richard Hauptmann, was caught two-and-a-halfyears later, when he exchanged some of the ransom money. He was executed in 1936.Kidnapping is an example of inflation: Hauptmann demanded $50,000; in 1973 the Getty family hadto pay 1,300,000 pounds and the ransom delivery in two billion Italian lire weighed a ton. In thiskidnapping, things went dreadfully wrong. When the kidnappers cut off Getty’s right ear and sent itto a newspaper, they forgot the postal strike which delayed this proof by three weeks. In the case ofMuriel McKay, the kidnappers picked the wrong woman. The Hosein brothers had developed theirplan when they saw Rupert Murdoch on a TV show in 1969 and heard him described as a millionaire,a word which stimulated their action. Yet, in tracing Murdoch’s Rolls-Royce, they failed to realizethat he had left for Australia with his wife and had loaned the car to Douglas McKay, a chairman ofone of his enterprises. Attacking the wrong home, the Hoseins kidnapped Mrs. McKay by mistake,but still demanded their million pounds.The end result of kidnapping is never clean: Lindbergh never psychologically recovered. Young PaulGetty jokes: “It was a high-priced ear!” But the scars must be internal, too. The saddest commentcame from Douglas McKay after the trial of the Hoseins: “They have got a life sentence. I, too, havea life sentence wondering just what has happened to my dear wife.”

阅读理解Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn''t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain ? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth''s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel''s report: "Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions." Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it''s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it'' s obvious that a majority of the president''s advisers still don''t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research―a classic case of "paralysis by analysis." To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won''t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

阅读理解 Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the re-cession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.

阅读理解The writer's mother thinks that county music is

阅读理解Passage A Hot boning is an energy saving technique for the processing industry

阅读理解Text D Several recent studies have found that being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict

阅读理解DWho is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender（性别）are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors（因素）like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world."What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club? 

阅读理解I made a mental note that they were infertile

阅读理解 Will fatherhood make me happy? That is a question many men have found themselves asking, and the scientific evidence is equivocal. A lot of studies have linked parenthood—particularly fatherhood—with lower levels of marital satisfaction and higher rates of depression than are found among non-parents. To investigate the matter further, psychologist Sonja Lyubomirsky decided both to study the existing literature, and to conduct some experiments of her own. The results suggest parenthood in general, and fatherhood in particular, really are blessings, even though the parent in question might sometimes feel they are in disguise. Dr. Lyubomirsky's first port of call was the World Values Survey. This is a project which gathers huge amounts of data about the lives of people all around the planet. For the purposes of her research, Dr. Lyubomirsky looked at the answers 6,906 Americans had given, in four different years, to four particular questions. These were: how many children the responder had; how satisfied he (or she) was with life; how happy he was; and how often he thought about the meaning and purpose of life. She found that parents had higher happiness, satisfaction and meaning-of-life scores than non-parents. The differences were not huge, but they were statistically significant. Moreover, a closer look showed that the differences in happiness and satisfaction were the result of men's scores alone going up with parenthood. Those of women did not change. Armed with this result, Dr. Lyubomirsky conducted her own experiment. The problem with projects like the World Values Survey is that, because participants are asked to recall their feelings rather than stating what they are experiencing in the here and now, this might lead them into thinking more fondly in hindsight about their parenting duties. Dr. Lyubomirsky therefore gave pagers to 329 North American volunteers aged between 18 and 94, having first recorded, among other things, their sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, marital status and number of children. She told them they would be paged at random, five times a day. When they were so paged, they were asked to complete a brief response sheet about how they felt, then and there. She did not, however, tell them why she was asking these questions. The upshot was the same as her findings from the World Values Survey. Parents claimed more positive emotions and more meaning in their lives than non-parents, and a closer look revealed that it was lathers who most enjoyed these benefits. It looks, then, as if evolution has bolted into men a psychological mechanism to keep them in the family. At first sight, it is strange that women do not share this mechanism, but perhaps they do not need to. They know, after all, that the children are theirs, and that a man's potential to father an indefinite number of offspring if he can find willing volunteers, might encourage him to stray from the bosom of his family. Enjoying fatherhood, by contrast, will help keep him in the porch.

阅读理解Many people believe that passion and commitment are the foundations of strong romantic relationships. But a relationship is made of two【C1】________individuals. And the personality traits (特性) these individuals【C2】________or lack can often make a relationship more—or less—likely to【C3】________. Recent research has found that one trait in particular—humility (谦逊)—is an important indicator of successful relationships. Humility can sometimes be【C4】________with a lack of confidence. But researchers have come to realize that being humble generally indicates the【C5】________of deeply admirable personal qualities. Being humble means you have the ability to accurately【C6】________your deficiencies without denying your skills and strengths. For example, you might recognize that you are intelligent, but realize that you are not a【C7】________. Thus, humility leads to an honest view of one’s own advantages and shortcomings. Humble people do not ignore, avoid, or try to deny their limits or deficiencies. They can【C8】________mistakes, see value in things that are far from perfect and identify areas for improvement. Perhaps it is not【C9】________, then, that humility appears to be a huge asset to relationships. One study found that people tend to rate this quality【C10】________in their spouse. The study also found that someone who is humble is more likely to initiate a romantic relationship, perhaps because they are less likely to see themselves as "too good" for someone else. Thus, a humble partner might be your ideal partner.A) acknowledgeB) assessC) confusedD) endureE) extremelyF) geniusG) highlyH) permanentI) possess J) presence K) puzzled L) status M) surprising N) thoroughly O) unique

阅读理解What is the most expensive food in the menu?

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1A variety of simple techniques can prevent computer crime, but more sophisticated methods are also necessary to prevent computer crimes.One technique to protect confidentiality is encryption(加密). Information can be scrambled and unscrambled using mathematical equations and a secret code called a key. Two keys are usually employed, one to encode and the other to decode the information. The key that encodes the data, called the private key, is possessed by only the sender. The key that decodes the data, called the public key, may be possessed by several receivers. The keys are modified periodically, further hampering unauthorized access and making the encrypted information difficult to decode or forge.Another technique to prevent computer crime is to limit access of computer data files to approved users. Access- control software verifies computer users and limits their privileges to view and alter files. Records can be made of the files accessed, thereby making users accountable for their actions. Military organizations give access rights to classified, confidential, secret, or top secret information according to the corresponding security clearance level of the user. Passwords are confidential sequences of characters that give approved users access to computers. To be effective, passwords must be difficult to guess. Effective passwords contain a mixture of characters and symbols that are not real words.Tokens are tamper-resistant plastic cards with microprocessor chips that contain a stored password that automatically and frequently changes. When a computer is accessed using a token, the computer reads the token’s password, as well as another password entered by the user, and matches these two to an identical token password generated by the computer and the user’s password, which is stored on a confidential list. In the future, passwords and tokens may be reinforced by biometrics (生物测定学), identification methods that use unique personal characteristics, such as fingerprints, skin oils, voice variations, and keyboard-typing rhythms.Computer networks, multiple computers linked together, are particularly vulnerable to computer crimes. Information on networks can be protected by a firewall, a computer placed between the networked computers and the network. The firewall prevents unauthorized users from gaining access to the computers on a network, and it ensures that information received from an outside source does not contain computer viruses, self-replicating computer programs that interfere with a computer’s functions.

阅读理解Usually, the continuing education program is given________. 

阅读理解Questions 81 to 90 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Passage 3 Forget the pausein global warming

阅读理解Passage 4 One important thing during the pre-Christmas rush at our house was the arrival of my daughter‟s kindergarten report card

阅读理解Maybe it''s a sign of a mature mind when some of life''s bigger questions-about love, faith, ambition-suddenly seem more manageable than smaller ones, such as:Why did I just open the refrigerator? Where on earth did I put my keys? Where did I write down that phone number? 　　Our capacity for storing and recalling information does not stream down like sand through an hourglass, as neurologists once believed. On the contrary, new research suggests that, when stimulated in the right way, brains of almost any age can give birth to cells and forge fresh pathways to file away new information. This emerging picture has not only encouraged those who treat and care for the 5% of older adults who have dementia (痴呆症) such as Alzheimer''s disease, but also generated a wave of optimism among those studying memory changes in the other 95%, as well as an increasing public fascination with "memory enhancement" dietary supplements, books and brain-improving techniques. 　　The slight failures of memory that many of us attribute to a failing brain are often due to something entirely different: anxiety, sleep problems, depression, even heart disease. The biological nuts and bolts of learning and memory in fact change little over time in healthy people, researchers say. "There''s very little cell loss, and structurally all the machinery is there, even very late in life," said a neuroscientist Greg Cole. It''s the cells'' speed and ability to send and receive signals that diminish gradually, which is what makes the mind go blank when trying to recall familiar words and names. 　　For more than a decade, researchers have known that people who have active, intellectually challenging lives are less likely to develop dementia than those who do not. Part of this difference is attributable to intelligence, some doctors believe:The more you start with, the longer it takes to lose it. And new evidence suggests that the act of using your brain is in itself protective, no matter who you are. 　　All of the activities, such as reading newspapers, watching TV, playing games, etc. canimprove people''s scores on standard tests measuring recall of numbers and names, experts say. They also acknowledge, however, that there is a big difference between playing chess with a friend and doing a mental exercise, such as memorizing numbers. One is an organic part of a person''s life, the other a purely intellectual exercise, done in isolation. The first is fun; the second, often, is a tiring task.

阅读理解Text 2 A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them

阅读理解Directions: For this rusk, you are to read a short passage with 5 questions. Read the passage carefully Then answer the questions in the fewest possible words on the Answer Sheet.Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. “The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news, ” noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news flora a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving tip newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and disturbing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social networking sites help people find discuss and share news with their friends.And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks: many countries now make raw data available through “open government” initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by Wikileaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.In principle, every, liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the age of the Internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.