单选题In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with ______.

单选题According to this passage, research in this area is characterized as ______.

单选题 The philosophy class began with twenty students but three ______ after the midterm exam.

单选题His production techniques are elaborate and near legendary, but even if they could be ______, it wouldn't be the same for any other people.

单选题Hardly ______ the room when I found a letter on the floor.

单选题根据下面资料，回答21-35题。In the past， I always thought that being a teacher was an easy job. But I changed my（21）when I became a part-time teacher. About four years ago， Richard asked me（22）I could help teach

单选题 中国致力于建设对创业创新者最具吸引力的国度，吸引力不仅来自巨大的市场需求，更来自完善的法制体系、规范的市场环境和包容的文化氛围。中国政府不断加大知识产权保护(IPR protection)力度，坚决打击知识产权侵权(IPR infringements)、假冒(fake and counterfeit)等违法行为。保护知识产权就是保护创 新的火种，保护公平竞争的市场秩序。从根本上讲，公平竞争、诚信经营有利于中外企业持续健康发展。

单选题I think you'd better ______ his advice and rest for a few days.

单选题The fiat where we live ______ three rooms only.

单选题He ______ his failure to bad luck.

单选题 The Advantages of Being Helpless A. At every stage of early development, human babies lag behind infants from other species. A kitten can walk slowly across a room within moments of birth and catch its first mouse within weeks, while its human counterpart takes months to make her first step, and years to learn even simple tasks, such as how to tie a shoelace or skip a rope. Yet, in the cognitive race, human babies turn out to be much like the tortoise (乌龟) in Aesop's fable: emerging triumphant after a slow and steady climb to the finish. B. Yet, this victory seems puzzling. In the fable, the tortoise wins the race because the hare takes a nap. But, if anything, human infants nap even more than kittens! And unlike the noble tortoise, babies are helpless, and more to the point, hopeless. They could not learn the basic skills necessary to their independent survival. How do human babies manage to turn things around in the end? C. In a recent article in Current Directions in Psychological Science, Sharon Thompson-Schill, Michael Ramscarand Evangelia Chrysikou make the case that this very helplessness is what allows human babies to advance far beyond other animals. They propose that our delayed cortical development (皮质发育) is precisely what enables us to acquire the cultural building blocks, such as language, that make up the foundations of human achievement. In the same way, they suggest, our ability to learn language comes at the price of an extended period of cognitive immaturity. D. This claim hinges on a peculiar and unique feature of our cognitive architecture: the stunningly slow development of the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质), or PFC. The PFC is often referred to as the 'control' center of the brain. One of its main functions is of selectively filtering information from the senses, allowing us to attend to specific actions, goals, or tasks. For this reason, cognitive 'control' tasks are thought to be one of the best assessors of PFC function and maturity. E. The Stroop task (斯特鲁普任务) serves as a simple assessor of PFC function in adults. The task involves naming the ink color of a contrasting color word: for example, you might see the word 'red' written in green ink, in which case you have to say 'green'. Tricky or not, healthy adults can successfully complete the task with only minor hesitation. Children, with their immature PFC's, are a different story. Typically, the younger children are, the worse they are at solving Stroop-like tasks, and under the age of four, they outright fail them. While young children are sensitive, apt learners, and often appear to fully understand what is being asked of them, they are unable to mediate the conflicting demands present in these sorts of tasks, and thus fail them, time and time again. Three-year olds simply cannot direct how they attend to or respond to the world. F. Thompson-Schill and her colleagues suggest that this inability to direct attention has important consequences when it comes to learning about uncertain events. For example, imagine you are playing a guessing game: You have to choose one of two options, either A or B, one of which leads to a prize, and the other does not. After a few rounds, you notice that about 3/4 of the time the prize is at A, and the rest of the time it is at B, so you decide to guess 'A' 75 percent of the time and 'B' 25 percent of the time. This is called probability matching, and it is the response pattern most adults tend to adopt in these circumstances. However, if the goal is to win the most prizes, it is not the best strategy. In fact, to maximize the number of correct predictions, you should always pick the more frequent outcome (or, in this case, always pick 'A'). G. Interestingly, if you were playing this kind of guessing game with a kid, you would see that he would employ the maximization strategy almost immediately because they lack the cognitive flexibility that would allow them to alternate between A and B. Fortunately for them, in this guessing game scenario, maximization is the right choice. H. While it may not be immediately obvious what this has to do with language learning, it just might have everything to do with it, because language relies on conventions. In order for language to work, speakers and listeners have to have the same idea about what things mean, and they have to use words in similar ways. This is where children come in. Young children, as it turns out, act like finely tuned antennas (天线), picking up the dominant frequency in their surroundings and ignoring the static. Because of this—because children tend to pick up on what is common and consistent, while ignoring what is variable and unreliable—they end up homing in on and reproducing only the most frequent patterns in what they hear. In doing so they fail to learn many of the subtleties and characteristics present in adult speech (they will come to learn or invent those later). However, this one-track learning style means that what they do learn is highly conventionalized. I. The superiority of children's convention learning has been revealed in a series of ingenious studies by psychologists Carla Hudson-Kam and Elissa Newport, who tested how children and adults react to variable and inconsistent input when learning an artificial language. Strikingly, Hudson—Kam and Newport found that while children tended to ignore 'noise' in the input, systematizing any variations they were exposed to, adults did just the opposite, and reproduced the variability they encountered. Children's inability to filter their learning allows them to impose order on variable, inconsistent input, and this appears to play a crucial part in the establishment of stable linguistic norms. Studies of deaf children have shown that even when parental attempt sat sign are error-prone and inconsistent, children still extract the conventions of a standard sign language from them. Indeed, the variable patterns produced by parents who learn sign language offers insight into what might happen if children did not maximize in learning: language, as a system, would become less conventional. What words meant and the patterns in which they were used would become more unstable, and all languages would begin to resemble pidgins (混杂语言). J. While no language is completely stable, there is a balance to be struck between an individual's expressivity and the conventions that underpin it, and children clearly play an important role in maintaining this balance. Children may learn the established characteristics of their community, but they do so only because these forms are stable in their input. They are unlikely to adopt highly unusual or characteristic forms or sequences that they've heard only rarely, and when they themselves make errors, they are similarly unlikely to incorporate these errors into their language use over the long run. K. Individual societies are built upon these kinds of cultural and linguistic conventions, and a vast array of them. As social animals, human babies must somehow master not just 'culture and language,' but the specifics of their culture, and their language. Explaining how babies manage to learn all of this information is a formidable task. The research reviewed here reveals one advantage that nature may have conferred on human infants: when it comes to conventionlearning, children' sinability to think unconventionallyor flexibly may be of huge benefit. Indeed, a number of neurological studies suggest that children who often exhibit marked language delays and characteristic language development experience a massive overgrowth of the prefrontal cortex over the first two years of life.

单选题 Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you'll get a completely different impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more women—the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country. It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved. But, increasingly this apparent diversity is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity. Behind the differences in sex, skin tones and mother tongues, there are common attitudes, expectations and ambitions which risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future. Diversity, it seems, has not helped to address fundamental weaknesses in business leadership. So what can be done to create more effective managers of the commercial world? According to Valerie Gauthier, associate dean at HEC Paris, the key lies in the process by which MBA programmes recruit their students. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. This is then coupled to a school's picture of what a diverse class should look like, with the result that passport, ethnic origin and sex can all become influencing factors. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach—arguably the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters. Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking, consultancy and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a wider context. Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bullyboy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management—at least in America and Europe. Perhaps most significant, according to Mannaz, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative management models, such as those prevalent in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability.

单选题Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and historians and get a firsthand look at the ______ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors. A. legacy B. bequest C. converse D. miracle

单选题Few people know that Mr. Potato Head was almost little more than a forgotten cereal premium. But history has a way of being kind to the classics. And George Lerner was about to make history! During the World War Ⅱ era, George Lerner enjoyed success as a well-known inventor and designer. Just before 1950, he designed and produced a first generation set of plastic face pieces. The push pin-shaped noses, ears, eyes and mouth parts could be pushed into fruits or vegetables to transform the food into an endless array of magical anthropomorphic playmates. The toy wasn"t an immediate hit however. There was still a World War Ⅱ mentality to conserve resources. Toy companies didn"t think that customers would accept the idea of wasting a piece of food as a child"s toy. But after a while, George finally sold the toy, for $ 5,000 dollars, to a cereal company, who planned to use the pieces as a premium giveaway in cereal boxes. But George knew that his new toy deserved a bigger shot. And that shot came in a meeting with a family-owned New England manufacturer. Mr. Lerner and the manufacturer bought back the rights from the cereal company for $ 7,000. Mr. Potato Head, one of the world"s most adored "personalities," was "born" in 1952, and began making history at an early age as the very first toy to be advertised on television. The original Mr. Potato Head contained only parts, such as eyes, ears, noses and mouths, and parents had to supply children with real potatoes for face-changing fun! Over the next three decades, a variety of Mr. Potato Head products were sold. He was so loved by children, that he was expanded into additional toy categories including puzzles, creative play sets, and electronic handheld board and video games. The vast popularity of Mr. Potato Head also attracted non-toy companies who licensed his image and name to make apparel, accessories and novelty items. Mr. Potato Head"s appeal to people young and old made him the ideal ambassador for many causes and good-will efforts. On his 40th birthday, it was decided that he would no longer be a "couch potato." And he received a special award from the President"s Council for Physical Fitness, right on the lawn of the White House! Always one to pass on a wholesome message to the public, he and Mrs. Potato Head joined up with the League of Women"s Voters in 1996 to help out with their "Get out the Vote" campaign and spread the word about the importance of voting to Americans.

单选题Not until the game had begun ______ at the sports ground. A. should he have arrived B. had he arrived C. did he arrive D. would he had arrived

单选题That was not the first time he ______ us. I think it's high time we ______ strong actions against him. A. betrayed.., take B. had betrayed.., took C. has betrayed.., took D. has betrayed.., take

单选题In learning English we should not ______ our students of their mistakes all the time.

单选题根据下面资料，回答21-35题。Mrs.McTavish looked out."It's a lovely day.Would you like to go for a walk in the park？"Her children 21 with excitement. "Before we go， you need to follow some rules.Everyone must 22 h

单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth the total ______ for living expenses.